The University of Trinidad and Tobago

December 2012 Final Examinations

(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 1

THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

FINAL ASSESSMENT/EXAMINATIONS DECEMBER 2012

Course Code and Title: TRAN1001, HETR210D, Heat Transfer
Programme: NETD in Chemical Engineering
Date and Time: Tuesday 11
th
December, 2012 1:00pm-4:00pm
Duration: 3 hours

PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN THIS
EXAMINATION

Instructions to Candidates
1. This paper has _8_ pages and _4_questions, page 1 is the cover, questions are on page 2-3,
and data and formulae are on page 4 - 8.
2. You are required to answer ALL _4_ questions.

The question paper must be returned with the Answer script.

Key Examination Protocol

1. Students please note that academic dishonesty (or cheating) includes but is not limited to
plagiarism, collusion, falsification, replication, taking unauthorised notes or devices into an
examination, obtaining an unauthorised copy of the examination paper, communicating or
trying to communicate with another candidate during the examination, and being a party to
impersonation in relation to an examination.

2. The above mentioned and any other actions which compromise the integrity of the academic
evaluation process will be fully investigated and addressed in accordance with UTTs
academic regulations.

3. Please be reminded that speaking without the Invigilators permission is NOT allowed.




The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 2

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Answer the following.
a. A furnace wall consists of 0.25 mof fireclay brick (k =1.64 W/m-K), and 0.12 m
outer layer masonry brick (k =0.6 W/m-K). It is exposed to furnace gas at 1400 K
with ambient air at 310 K adjacent to the outside wall.
i. If the outside and inside convective heat transfer coefficients are considered as
115 W/m
2
-K and 23 W/m
2
-K respectively. Calculate the heat transferred per
m
2
per second. [9 marks]
ii. Also calculate the actual surface temperatures and all the interface
temperatures in the case above. [6 marks]

b. In a 1-2 exchanger (counter current) the values of the temperatures are cold water in =
72
o
C; cold water out = 135
o
C; hot water in = 248
o
C; hot water out = 124
o
C. Make a
sketch showing all the temperatures clearly. Then calculate the corrected log mean
temperature drop in this exchanger?
[10 marks]

2. Answer the following:
a. An insulated steam pipe has an internal diameter of 0.06 mand an external diameter
of 0.0725 m. The outside diameter of the asbestos insulation is 0.145 m. It is located
where the ambient temperature is 32
o
C. The steam in the pipe is at a temperature of
160C. If thermal conductivities are 45 W/m
o
C and 0.014 W/m
o
C for steel and
asbestos respectively, calculate the heat loss in 12 mof pipe per second. Only
consider the outside convective heat transfer coefficient which is 8.5 W/m
2
-K.
Neglect the effects of radiation. [15 marks]

b. Steam at 135
o
C condenses on the outside of a tube at 345 kPa gauge. The tube has
outer diameter 33.4 mmand inside diameter 26.6 mm. Oil at 38
o
C is flowing inside
the tube. Take h
o
= 7420W/m
2
K and h
i
= 690W/m
2
K. Find the tube wall temperature
neglecting wall resistance. [10 marks]
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 3

3. Answer the following:
a. Carbon tetrachloride (specific heat capacity = 920 J /kg-
o
C) flowing at 19,000 kg/h is
to be cooled from 85
o
C to 40
o
C using 15,500 kg/h of cooling water (specific heat
capacity = 4200 J /kg-
o
C) entering at 20
o
C. Given that the overall heat transfer
coefficient is 350 W/m
2
- K what will the area of a counter current exchanger be. If a
parallel exchanger is used over a counter flow exchanger what will be the increase in
area. Ignore any correction factor of LMTD . [15 marks]

b. Use figure 1 below, the data for film thickness and local heat transfer coefficients for
methanol to answer the following. Condensation is taking place on a tube 8 feet high.
At 7 feet from the base find the following.
i. The film thickness in feet. [2 marks]
ii. The local heat transfer coefficient in Btu/h-ft
2
-
o
F. [2 marks]
iii. The thermal conductivity in W/m-K. [6 marks]


4. A 2-4 heat exchanger has shell diameter, D
s
, 667 mmand baffle cut 25%. The tubes are on a
triangular pitch equal to 1.25 d
o
. The outer diameter of the tubes, d
o
are 20 mmand the baffle
spacing, l
B
or baffle pitch is to be 1/5 the shell diameter. Gas oil at the rate of 22,500 kg/h is
to be cooled on the shell side from 200
o
C to 40
o
C. There are 4 tube passes and 2 shell
passes so the area for cross flow, A
s
, will be half that given by the regular equation. The
physical properties at the bulk average temperature are given below.
Specific heat capacity, c
p
, 2280 J/kg
o
C Viscosity, , 0.00017 Pa-s
Thermal conductivity, k, 0.125 W/m
o
C Density, , 850 kg/m
3

Neglecting the correction factor for wall temperature, calculate the following:
a. The area for cross flow, A
s
for this 2-4 exchanger. [5 marks]
b. The flow rate of gas oil in kg/s. [1 mark]
c. The shell side mass velocity, G
s
in kg/s-m
2
. [2 marks]
d. The shell side equivalent diameter, d
e
. [5 marks]
e. The shell side Reynolds number, Re. [3 marks]
f. The Kerns shell side heat transfer factor j
H
. [2 marks]
g. Prandtl number, Pr [3 marks]
h. The shell side heat transfer coefficient, h
s
. [4 marks]
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 4


DATA AND FORMULAE

Figure 1.
0 1 2 3 4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Film Thickness, x 10
-4
ft
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

f
r
o
m

T
o
p

o
f

T
u
b
e
,

f
t

Coefficient, Btu/h-ft
2
-
o
F
Heat Transfer
coefficient
Film
Thickness
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 5


Figure 2.
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 6



Figure 3.


The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 7

Flat Surface-Composite:
o i
h k
s
k
s
h
T At
Q
1
...
1
2
2
1
1
+ + + +
A
=


Cylindrical-Composite:
( )
o o n
n i o
n
n
i i
h r k
r r n l
h r
T t L
Q
1
/
1
2
1
+ +
A
=

=
t


Log Mean Temperature Difference, LMTD. Correction factor Z and
H
.

) / (
2 1
2 1
u u
u u
n l
LMTD

=

cold
hot
i c co
ho hi
T
T
T T
T T
Z
A
A
=

=

possible
cold
ci hi
ci co
H
T
T
T T
T T
max
A
A
=

= q


ESTIMATION OF WALL TEMPERATURE (neglecting wall resistance):
) / 1 ( ) / ( / 1
) / 1 (
o o i i
i
i
h D D h
T h
T
+
A
= A

Descending film (vertical tubes or plates),

o
f
x
k
h =

where h
x
, is the local coefficient of
heat transfer, k
f
is thermal conductivity of the film, and , local film thickness.

A
s,
:The area for cross-flow in between the baffles (at shell equator)
For a 2-4 exchanger For a 1-2 exchanger
t
B s o t
s
p
l D d p
A
) (
5 . 0

=

t
B s o t
s
p
l D d p
A
) (
=


Where p
t
= tube pitch
d
o
= tube outside diameter
D
s
= shell inside diameter, m
l
B
(P)

= baffle spacing, m (same as baffle pitch, P)

G
s
: The shell side mass velocity in kg/s-m
2
G
s
=W
s
/A
s

Where W
s
(
m ) = fluid flow rate on the shell side, kg/s

The University of Trinidad and Tobago
December 2012 Final Examinations
(TRAN1001 Heat Transfer) Page 8

d
e
: The shell side equivalent diameter or hydraulic diameter, m

SQUARE PI TCH EQUI LATERAL TRI ANGULAR PI TCH
) 785 . 0 (
27 . 1
2 2
o t
o
e
d p
d
d =

) 917 . 0 (
10 . 1
2 2
o t
o
e
d p
d
d =


Re : The shell side Reynolds number Re =G
s
d
e
/ = u
s
d
e
/


h
s
:The shell side heat transfer coefficient using

Nu =h
s
d
e
/ k
f
=j
h
Re Pr
0.33
(/
w
)
0.14

14 . 0
33 . 0
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
w f
p
e s
h
f
e s
k
c
d G
j
k
d h

where

k
f
= thermal conductivity of shell fluid or outside fluid


CONVERSI ON FACTORS:
To convert from: To: Multiply by:
Heat or Energy Btu J 1054.4
h,U (surface/overall coeff) Btu/hr-ft
2
-
o
F W/m
2
-
o
C 5. 3
Heat flux Btu/hr-ft
2
W/m
2
3.1546
Heat capacity, c
p
Btu/lb
m
-
o
F J/kg-
o
C 4186.8
Pound mass lb
m
kg 0.45366783
k, (thermal conductivity) Btu/hr-ft-
o
F W/m-
o
C 1.7307
Pound force lb
f
N 4.4482
Inches in mm 25.4
Viscosity, in ccentipoise cP kg/m-s (Pa-s) 0.001



THE END