A Metropolitan Transport System

Presented To

Ministry Of Nairobi Metropolitan

By

Edwins Mukabanah

KEPSA
April 27, 2008

KEPSA - Interventions Prayer

Rapid Results Initiatives Needed
1. Initiate Ministerial Stakeholder Forum 2. Implement Recommendations 3. Enact Integrated National Transport Policy (MTA and NRSC) 4 Reduce NCBD Congestion 4. 5. Review the implementation Strategy of Muthurwa 6. Implement Instant Tickets / Fines 7. Review - Traffic Act and TLB Act 8. Driver, Instructors and Examiners Training Curriculum and Syllabus 9 Introduce some Economic Instruments Car Parking Fee 9. 10.Initiate Production of Transport Plans

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KEPSA - Transport Sector Board

Transport Sector Board Membership (Associations) Air Rail Marine Inland Water Ways Pipeline Road R d - Trucks, T k Taxis, T i Matatus, M t t Buses, B T Tour V Vans Freight Logistic and Supply Chain Passenger .................... Focus on Road Passenger ....................
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Vicious Circle of Urban Degradation

Low Income City Less Accessible for All
Emigrants come to the City Poor Land Use Management Income Increases Favorable policies to Private Modes

High income

Emigrants settle in the city outskirts, legally or illegally

No provision of Public Transport

More and Longer Trips

Urban Sprawl

More Cars, More Road Traffic

Informal Sector Develops Congestion

Political Pressure

Public Transport increasingly g y slow and unreliable Users switch to other modes Walking and bicycle

More Road Capacity

Road Passenger Transport Trend

Mass Public Transport on decline Private Car increasing disposable income in Middle Class Matatus - on the increase, thriving on illegalities Walking g on the increase due to inability y to pay y NMIT on the increase (bicycle Boda Boda Mass Transport Non Existent Buses - on the decline Commuter - Train erratic

Why?
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Modal Split In Nairobi

Source :Kenya y Institute of Public Policy y Analysis y 2004
Walking 3,452 47.8% Private car 529 7.3%

Matatu 2,592 Other 117 1.6% School transport 150 2.1% 35.9% Kenya Bus - Bustrack 184 2.6% Kenya Bus - Metro Shuttle 38 0.5% Company transport 88 1.2% Taxi 11 0.2% Other city buses 19 0.3%

Kenya Railways 37 0.5%

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Transport Statistics
Population Estimates In Nairobi

Human population Day Human population Vehicles population in Kenya Vehicles population in Nairobi Total PCV Vehicles in Kenya Total Matatus in Nairobi Total number Buses in Nairobi

- 3.2 m people - 4.5 m people - 950,000 - 550,000 - 55,000 - 15,000 - 950

Legal Definitions:
Matatu : Carrying capacity 5 - 25 passengers Bus : Carrying capacity 26 passengers and above Buses are 6.3% of Public Passenger Carrying Vehicles (PSV) in Nairobi PSVs are 3% of vehicle population in Nairobi

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Why Congestion Persists ...1

Traffic Management g Lack of a single Authority Harmonise Govt. Ministries Poor Driver Training - Lack of professionalism Motorists Attitudes - No Road Transport training institutions Increasing private car/company car ownership Lack of by pass, link and ring roads D f Dysfunctional ti l Roundabouts R d b t or I Intersections t ti Box B Junctions J ti Dysfunctional Signals - Traffic Lights Lack of Transport Plans - Improper Land use / Urban Sprawl Road encroachment - Human Traffic / Lack of paved walk ways Un-staggered peaky work hours Improper Traffic and By Laws enforcement Lack of speed control mechanism - Constant Speeds on Highway Poor design of Traffic Calming measures - Humps Conflict among Government Ministries

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Why Congestion Persists ...2

Traffic Management Uncoordinated Parking Plan - Private car and Taxis Handcart Pushers (Mkokoteni) Supply Chain Trucks - Lack of supply chain windows Vehicles and Pedestrians - Conflict hawkers encroachment Poor drainage system during rain seasons Improper Road Maintenance - Pot Holes Holes, Unfinished road works Training schools vehicles Lack of School Transport - Private car used on School Trips Increasing g School/Country / y buses/ / Staff buses in NCBD PSV termini within NCBD Improper Traffic calming measures uneven Speed bumps Failure to embrace ICT technology to Penalize Traffic Offenders Under investment in Infrastructure Lack of Stakeholders Consultation Muthurwa, Michuki rules

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Failure to embrace PPP

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PPP Advantages1
What each party brings to a PPP
Land Legislation Subsidies Guarantees Rights of way Long term vision Concession Design g and Build innovation Operation Maintenance Financing Capital C it l Access to the market Revenue Users

Public Sector

Pi t Private Sector

PPP Advantages2
What each party get from a PPP
Taxes People Mobility Design & Construction C t ti C Contract t t Operation Contract Concession Debt Supply Incomes Profit
Environment protection

Public Sector

Economic co o c development Social function Associated A i t d benefits

Pi t Private Sector

Time/cost saving g

Service Quality

Users

Causes of Congestion In NCBD

Poor and inadequate Infrastructure Increasing private car ownership Lack of by pass, link and ring roads Dysfunctional roundabouts or intersections Signals and signage Lack of Transport plans Poor Land use / Urban Sprawl Road encroachment - Human Traffic / Lack of paved walk ways Un-staggered gg Peaky y Work hours Illegal Parking - Private Car and Taxis Handcart Pushers (Mkokoteni) Supply Chain Trucks Lack of windows Vehicles and Pedestrians - Conflict hawkers encroachment Poor drainage system during rainy seasons Training schools vehicles S h l Trips School T i Use U of fP Private i t C Cars School/Country buses/ Staff Buses PSV termini within NCBD Attitude Attitude of Motorists and Pedestrians Pedestrians.
KEPSA 13

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Increasing Private Car Ownership

Why?
Insecurity Poor Interchange/Connectivity Unscheduled Services Unpredictable Fares Unreliable Services - Turn Shot Un predictable journey times Pollution Unsafe Lack of dignity Poor Accessibility Poor PSVs design PSVs thought to be for the poor

Increasing ownership due to poor public transport system

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Road Space Usage

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ParaPara -Transit Mode (Free Market)

Characteristic - Public Transport is always a Controlled entry
Limited regulation - amounts to government subsidy Demand responsive - non scheduled (no timetables) Lack L k of f standards t d d - difficult diffi lt and d expensive i t to police li Unpredictable - fare and time Profit driven - rather than service delivery Individualized hence many players -personalized management Informal operations - low over heads Limited compliance - tax and safety matters Does not pay the full cost of labour - training, terms of service Thrives on illegalities - unsustainable enforcement Wasteful/Cut throat competition - unfair trading practice Totters towards low capacity carriers - due to the fill and go operation

Breeds B d E Externalities.. t liti

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Congestion showing buses parked at Ambassador Hotel, overlapping at Kencom, Matatu at a terminus on Latema road and conflict of hawkers, pedestrians and motorists on New Pumwani road

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Why Decongestion Persists

Para Transit mode of PSV operation Motorists attitude Inappropriate application of Economic Instruments political g goodwill Lack of p Lack of clear Transport Policy Lack of a Central Transport coordinating Body/Authority
Traffic Police Office of the President M t V Motor Vehicle hi l I Inspection ti U Unit it Public P bli W Works k Mi Ministry i t Kenya Bureau of Standards Trade Ministry Transport Licensing Board Transport Ministry City Council Local Government Ministry Roads Roads Ministry Road Safety Council - Transport Ministry KRA Finance Ministry Pro incial Administration Office of the President Provincial

Limited participation of CCN in Public Transport Planning, Traffic Management, Licensing, Enforcement, Passenger Information, etc provision of funds towards Public Transport p Non p
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The Collapse Of Bus Mode

Buses are disappearing and Matatus are increasing
Poor regulatory framework Poor taxation regime Unionized labour Unstable Insurance Poor an Corrupt policing Wasteful Competition Dis-economies of scale Lack of Institutions TLB Licensing Li i regime i g Stock Holding g Large Predatory pricing Fuel Price pegged to US$ F lC Fuel Consumption ti Legal Notice 161 / 2003 Lack of Human Capacity Huge Capital Outlay Para Transit Operation Kenya Bus was one casualty

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Transport Externalities
Good Transport System must attempt to Internalize all costs costs. Pollution - Environmental, Noise and Air Accidents - Safety and Health Cost to Economy - Kshs. 14bn Congestion g Cost to Economy - Kshs. 17bn Corruption - impedes enforcement Declining Standards Security risk - Illegal gangs Cartels - Barriers to entry /no free trade Cost of Labour - Poor staff terms of service, No training Social Exclusion

.Un-sustainability
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Current Transport System Costs

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Transport Time Bomb

T Travel lS Statistics i i D Do N Nothing hi S Scenario i
44%
Walking

26% 49%
Walking

Private

30%
Public

15%

Private

36%
Public

8.2 mil

4.8 4 8 mil 49.2% 6.7 mil

Nairobi Proper

23.3% 23 3% 2.7 mil

Nairobi Proper

16.4 mil
Metropolitan Area

6.5 6 5 mil

Metropolitan Area

Year 2004
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2025

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And What About The Future Society?

It is urgent g to break the vicious circle

Challenges To Be Tackled
Wholesome approach
Policy - INTP Regulatory Legal Institutional Enforcement Security p y Building g Capacity Operations - Rules of Entry Infrastructure F lP Fuel Price i

Not Peace Meal

Traffic Management Health and Safety Environment Research and Statistics Insurance Financial T Taxation ti Regime R i Equity and Social Exclusion Standards

.......Sustainability..........
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Proposed Solution
Prioritise Short, Medium and Long Term Solutions
Quick Fixes - Non monetary measures Policy Framework Legal Framework Institution Framework Regulatory framework Bus priority measures Traffic Management Economic E i I Instruments t t Enforcement Transport Authority Implementation Infrastructure expansion BRT - Solution ........................Political
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Transport Champion.........................
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Quick Fixes - Short Term

(Non Monetary Measures) Introduce Cross City operations Introduce Scheduled Services - Timetables Create PSV termini on the periphery of the NCBD Clear and repossess p abandoned bus stops p within NCBD Create circular routes within NCBD To pedestrianise NCBD Increase number of bus stops/stages within NCBD Increase number of bus routes through the NCBD Harmonise inconsistent route numbering Name stages alphabetical and allocate route numbers per stage Remove conflict intersections, roundabouts - Box Junctions needed B ild Walkways, Build W lk Flyovers, Fl and d Subways S b Integrate transport modes Introduce Bus Priority Measures Dedicated Bus lane, Red Routes Provide Public Service Information to passengers Enforce By Law on Hand Carts from the NCBD Terminus within the City Centre e.g. Hakati or Central Bus Station for Peri urban Services
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A Functioning Intersection

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Economic Instruments
Promote Public Transport Though Subsidy
Hypothecate Tax from Transport Sector - Public Transport improvement Fuel Levy - Hypothecate percentage to Public Transport Import Duty - Reward Mass Public Transport, local manufacturers Licensing Fee - Create one stop shop Parking Fee - PSV should not paytarget pay target low occupancy vehicles Court Fines - Instant Fines Hypothecate VAT - Zero rate on Mass Public Transport Invigorate use of economic instruments favour Mass Public Transport Fuel rebate - for formal organized mass transit operators Introduce Car Park tax

Reduce and organize low capacity Para Transits Franchising, Leasing, Group Management , Saccos, Associations

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Franchising Organize Para-Transits

GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES (Policy and Regulation

METROPOLITANTRANSPORTAUTHORITY

BUSRAPIDTRANSIT

KENYA BUS SERVICE MANAGEMENT LTD

(Franchisor)
(Franchisor)

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Metropolitan Transport Authority

Brings together all functions: Planning, implementation and enforcement Separates ownership of Infrastructure, Rolling Stock and Operations Offers tenders to bus operators Sets up p a finance institution to finance vehicles on behalf of operators p Does route planning and scheduling of services Sets, collects fares and introduces seamless travel Collects revenues from transport related activities e.g. advertising. Takes over Public Transport Infrastructure; Bus Station, Bus Stop etc. Sets benchmarks, standards, evaluates and monitors operators. Offers publicity, marketing and public service information Installs security systems on bus and station CCTV Manages traffic and enforces bus priority measures Introduces Rolling Stock owning companies Trains staff and employs them on good employment terms Mops the city of small capacity PSVs and assist them invest in buses .PSVs .PSV s compete for Service Delivery NOT Passengers
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System Costs - Can Fund MTA

Industry Predators
Illegal gangs P li Police Makanga Cartels L/A parking fees Kamjeshi Squad crew Theft by Crew Total
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Cash collected per Matatu per day y in Nairobi (Kshs) 200 200 200 200 50 50 100 200 1200

Cash collected from 15,000 Matatus in p per day (Millions) 3 3 3 3 0.8 0.8 1.5 3 18

Cash collected from 15,000 Matatus p per year (billions) 1.1 11 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.1 67 6.7
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KEPSA

The NBRT System

Institutional Framework Administrative Structure

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Bus Rapid Transit In Bogota

Think Rail - Use Bus

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GTMA PORTFOLIOS (SA)

GAUTENG TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Integrated Transport p Systems Portfolio

Rail Portfolio

Freight g Portfolio

Provincial Roads Portfolio

Public Transport Portfolio

Special Projects Portfolio

Traffic Management Portfolio

Implement Develop Rail Transport intervention Systems that Strategy with Ensures All relevant Intermodal stakeholders connectivity

Develop Freight Intervention Strategy & implement

Develop a Collective Perspective, Stds & Monitoring System for Roads

Develop Public Transport Network & address subsidies

Address 2010 Program BRT & Other projects

Collectively Synchronize Traffic signaling Systems

PROPOSED GTMA HIGH LEVEL ORGANOGRAM (SA)

GAUTENG TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY BOARD Internal Audit

GTMA CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

GTMA Back Office

Chief Operating Officer Transport Planning Corporate Services

Chief Operating Officer Transport Management

Chief Financial Officer

Administration Board Management & Governance Legal Support Human Resources General G l GTMA IT Services and GIS

Transport Planning (PLTF & ITPs) Contract / Service Level Agreement Management Research and Best Practice Gauteng Public Transport Academy

Integrated Transport Systems Provincial Roads g Freight Management Rail Management Public Transport Traffic T ffi Management Special Projects

Budgeting Management of CAPEX & OPEX Transportation Investments National & International Funding Agreements PFMA Compliance p Business Planning

Marketing and Communication

Corporate Identity & Branding Communication Strategy UITP & UATP Capacitation & Training IGR Issues & Labour Relations

Closed Ticketing System

Franchising Company

Trans Service Phone Park

Electronic Ticket

Closed Ticketing System

Integrated Ticketing System

Banks

MyTrans MyElect MyWater MyShop

Clearing and Settlement

MyMultiCard

Clearing House
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Pan-Tilt-Zoom Dome Fixed

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A Modern Bus Stop Designed With Passenger Information, Routes Passing Through And Vehicle Timetables

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Benefits1
Government
Internalisation of Transport Externalities (Annual Loss in Kshs.; Time 17b, Accidents 14b) Easy policing and interventions Creation of new decent jobs Increased tax collection from industry 1st step towards attaining the MDGs

Investors
Predictable investment climate, Good returns on investment; reduce wasteful competition Matatus M t t and d buses b to t compliment li t each h other th

Commuters
Predictable fares and journeys Affordable fares and seamless travel patterns Equitable and quality Transport Faster journey times, increased mobility and accessibility Take care of; children, elderly, sick and socially excluded

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Benefits2
Motorists
Reduced traffic jams and therefore lower cost of motoring Decent alternative Public Transport Better motoring attitude Reduced accidents and therefore reduced Insurance premium

Businesses
Increased sales, regeneration of CBD Improved security, 24 / 7 / 365 business culture No need of staff transport, reduced costs of distribution

Workers
Insurance cover Access to good training, Financing through Saccos, etc Improved conditions of service; Leave, Housing, Medical, hours of work, k pension, i etc t Job security access to Trade Unions ........................A A Win Win solution for PSV industry in Nairobi.................... Nairobi
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Public Transport Is Efficient

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.Key Point.
Transport Reforms Need A Champion!
Who Thinks

THINKS GLOBAL BUTACTS LOCAL

It has to be Hon. Mutula Kilonzo
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A long history history

UITP is is... ...

International Association of Public Transport p

The network of all mobility actors The catalyst for new business opportunities

The global centre of knowledge and know-how The advocate for public transport and sustainable mobility The promoter of innovations and forward-looking solutions

UITP - Membership Bodies

The Future

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