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CHE3044F, 2013

TUTORIAL 8

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CHE3044F, 2013 : Reactor Design 1 : TUTORIAL 8


1. A decomposes as follows:
1 2 A R S

k =0.1 min1

k =0.1 min1

R is to be produced from a feed of 1000 L/h with CA0 = 1 mol/L and CR0 = CS0 = 0. (a) What is the size of the PFR reactor that will maximise the concentration of R, and what is the concentration of the euent stream from this reactor. (b) What is the size of the CSTR reactor that will maximise the concentration of R, and what is the concentration of the euent stream from this reactor. 2. The following elementary reactions take place when A is mixed with B;
1 A+B R 2 R+B S

k k

(a) One mole of A and 3 moles of B are rapidly mixed together. The reaction is very slow, allowing analysis of the composition at various times. When 2.2 moles of B remain unreacted, 0.2 moles of S is present in the mixture. What would be the composition of the mixture (A, B, R and S) when the amount of S present is 0.6 moles. (b) One mole is A is added bit by bit with constant stirring to 1 mole of B and left over night. Analysis shows that 0.5 mole of S is present. What can we say about the ratio k2 . k1 (c) One mole of A and 1 mole of B are thrown together and mixed in a ask. The reaction is very rapid and goes to completion before any rate measurements can be made. Analysis of the products of the reaction shows that there is 0.25 moles of S k2 present. What can we say about . k1 3. The liquid phase reaction of aniline (C6 H5 NH2 ) with ethanol (C2 H5 OH ) produces wanted mono-ethyl-amine (C6 H5 NHC2 H5 ) and unwanted di-ethyl-amine (C6 H5 N (C2 H5 )2 ); k1 C6 H5 NH2 + C2 H5 OH C6 H5 NHC2 H5 + H2 O H2 SO4 k1 = 1.25k2 k2 C6 H5 NHC2 H5 + C2 H5 OH C6 H5 N (C2 H5 )2 + H2 O
H2 SO4

(a) An equi-molar feed is introduced into a batch reactor, and the reaction is allowed to proceed to completion. Find the concentrations of the reactants and products at the end of the run. (b) Find the ratio of mono-ethyl-amine to di-ethyl-amine produced in a mixed ow reactor for an alcohol to aniline feed ratio of 2 to 1 when the conversion of the alcohol is 70%. (c) For an equi-molar feed to a PFR, what will be the conversion of the two reactants when the concentration of mono-ethyl-amine is at its highest. (d) A gas phase mixed reactor (CSTR) produces 3 moles of mono-ethyl-amine to 2 moles k2 of di-ethyl-amine when the conversion of aniline is 40%. Find the ratio and the k1 concentration ratio of the reactants and products at the exit of the reactor.

CHE3044F, 2013

TUTORIAL 8

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4. Find a mechanism that is consistent with the experimentally found rate equation for the following reaction; 2A + B A2 B, rA2 B = kCA CB 5. Under the inuence of oxidising agents, hypophosphorus acid is transformed into phosphorus acid as follows; oxidizing agent H3 P O2 H3 P O3 The kinetics of this transformation present the following features. At a low concentration of oxidizing agent; rH3 P O3 = kCoxidizing agent CH3 P O2 At high concentration of the oxidizing agent; rH3 P O3 = k CH+ CH3 P O2 To explain the observed kinetics, it has been postulated that, with hydrogen ions (H + ) as a catalyst, normal unreactive H3 P O2 is transformed reversibly into an active form (say X ), the nature of which is unknown. This intermediate then reacts with the oxidizing agent to give H3 P O3 . Show that this scheme explains the observed kinetics. 6. (adapted from Fogler, P7-3). The CO ame mechanism consists of a number of chain reaction steps producing radical intermediates which sustain the combustion reaction. Flame retardents are chemical species that react with the radical intermediates, making them inactive for further reaction, and in this way quench the reaction (i.e. they extinguish the ame). The CO reaction mechanism steps are ;
1 O2 O + O 2 H2 O + O 2OH 3 CO + OH CO2 + H

k k

(1) (2) (3) (4)

H + O2 OH + O;

k4

Notice how reactions 1, 2 and 4 produce 2 radical species and thus lead the combustion of the mixture. When HCl is added to the mixture, the following additional reactions occur;
5 H + HCl H2 + Cl 6 H + Cl HCl

(5) (6)

Notice how reaction 6 consumes two radical species and releases HCl , and in this way HCl is eectively a catalyst. Assume that all reactions are elementary and that O, OH , Cl are active intermediates that obey the PSSH. (a) Derive the rate equation for the consumption of CO when no HCl is present (b) Derive the rate equation for the consumption of CO when HCl is present. (c) Assume that the concentration of O2 , CO and H2 O are constant in both (a) and (b). Then develop the isothermal batch reactor design equation for CH for both (a) and (b) kinetic mechanisms. Make a sketch of H as a function of time in each case.

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