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Introduction to Offensive Schemes

It is said that great offense puts people in the stands but great defense wins championships. To be successful on the field of play you need to be solid in both phases of the game as well as in special teams. It is important to plan how your team is going to approach the game from an offensive point of view. What type of offense will you be; a tough grind it out running team or perhaps a wide open spread team that wants to throw the football on every down? The key to answering that question is a core understanding of what your strengths, and more importantly, what your weaknesses are as a coach. Coaches must always be learning, educating themselves on the basic fundamentals of the game, learning new and better ways to teach those fundamentals, and learning to develop an organized approach to practice and game management. Therefore, the best offense to run for your team is the offense you can best teach, and most importantly, the offense your players can learn and then execute. The best coaches put their players in positions that ensure that they can be successful; kids will respond to being successful and will enjoy their experience and continue to play this great game.

SCHEME Offensive schemes have evolved over time and they continue to evolve every fall with new twists and wrinkles to basic schemes. While scheme is important in that it does give your team an approach a philosophy if you will the most important element to scheme is being fundamentally sound in your approach. The basic fundamentals of stance, first step, blocking, ball security, and the Center-Quarterback snap exchange must be worked on every day. Never think of these things as the little things but rather these are the important things. Teams that do those things the best are almost always more successful. For this playbook we have employed very basic split back and I formation schemes with basic plays to attack all areas of the field. This is a great offensive scheme to teach young players and to expand on as the players become more experienced and skilled. This playbook was developed for coaches who are new to using this scheme.

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Glossary
BINGO CALL This refers to a call a ball carrier will make to alert the rest of his team that he is changing the play during the action. For example, a pass play may have been called in the huddle but the player with the ball may have to run with the ball instead of passing it. He calls BINGO or another designated word to alert the linemen that they can get down field. BOX The Box area is generally considered the area from just outside the Tight Ends or Tackle (when an End is split) and about 3 yards
on each side of the Line of Scrimmage.

DIRECTIONAL STEP This is a first step from a stance position where the player aims directly for his assigned location. For instance, on a straight ahead dive play the back receiving the hand off will take a directional step towards the hole called in the huddle. EDGE The edge is the area outside the Tight Ends or Tackle (when an End is split) and out to the sideline on each side of the ball. GAP The Gap is the area between each Offensive Linemen in any given formation. They are lettered from the Center going out, for
example between the Center and each Guard is the A Gap and the area between the Guards and the Tackles is the B Gap, the area between the Tackles and the Ends is the C Gap.

ICE This is short for Isolation and defines a series of plays where a Back will lead a ball carrier through a hole and block the defender the play has called to be Isolated. JAB STEP This is a timing step that Backs will use to ensure a play fake has time to materialize and not get them to the ball too quickly.
A Jab Step almost always is a step in the opposite direction from where the Back will end up going.

LOS This stands for Line of Scrimmage and is the imaginary line that runs from the football to each sideline. OPEN PLAY SIDE This describes the direction the Quarterback goes once he has received the snap from the Center. If he Opens Play Side then he turns in the direction that the ball will end up going. POINT OF ATTACK This describes the specific hole or gap in which the ball is designed to go. If a dive play has been called for the 2 Hole then that spot is the Point of Attack. Offensive Linemen must understand where the Point of Attack is to apply their blocking rules properly. REVERSE OUT This describes the direction the Quarterback goes once he has received the snap from the Center. If he Reverses Out then he turns in the opposite direction from where the ball will end up going.

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Introduction to Formations
All offensive plays start from a formation that dictates where all 11 players line up prior to the start of the play. Our playbook will utilize three different line formations and two different backfield formations. There are always adjustments and changes a coach can make to these formations, however, it is important when coaching young players that you focus more on the basic fundamentals of the game and less on complicated formations and motions. Teams that do just a few things very well will be more successful than those teams that do many things less than well.

LINE FORMATION
The basic rules of football require that 7 Offensive players be on the line of scrimmage and set for a second before the ball is snapped. You can have more than 7 on the line, but only the widest player on the LOS on each side of the ball is eligible to go downfield and catch a pass.

Double Tight Ends

LE LT LG C RG RT RE

Unbalanced Line
LE LG C RG RT LT RE

Pro Set Left

LE LT LG C RG RT RE

Pro Set Right

LE LT LG C RG RT RE

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Introduction to Formations (Contd)

BACKFIELD FORMATIONS Since 7 players are required by rule to be on the LOS prior to the start of a play, 4 players can be off of the LOS and rules allow them to move sideways, backwards, and reset. We will not show any motion or resetting in this playbook. We will, however, move our Wing Back, including setting him in a natural Wing position and also flanking him out as a wide receiver. We will show the deep Backs in a Split Backs formation as well as an I formation. You should set their depth away from the football based on their speed and how long it takes them to execute a simple dive play. In the Split Backs formation it is best to set them at 4 yards from the ball and then adjust it accordingly. In the I formation, before the ball is snapped, the up back should be at 3 yards and the deep back at 4 yards. Finally, when in a Split Back formation, we will always line the 3 back on the same side of the formation as the Wing (2 back), the Quarterback is designated as the 1 back.

Split Backs Wing Left

C

Split Backs Wing Right

C

2B

1B

1B

2B

3B

4B

4B

3B

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Introduction to Formations (Contd)

Split Backs Pro Set Left
C

Split Backs Pro Set Right

C

2B

1B

1B

2B

3B

4B

4B

3B

I Wing Left
C

I Wing Right
C

2B

1B 3B 4B

1B 3B 4B

2B

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Introduction to Formations (Contd)

I Pro Set Left
C

I Pro Set Right

C

2B

1B 3B 4B

1B 3B 4B

2B

PLAY CALLING For the purpose of understanding the various formations, backfield action, and blocking schemes we will use clear language throughout this playbook to identify all these elements. Coaches can elect to simplify some of the terms to make play calling a little easier. For example, as opposed to using I Formation or Split Backs you can use colors to define each formation. Whatever plan you use it is important to keep the terminology consistent beginning on the first day of practice. The players will learn through repetition.

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Introduction to Formations (Contd)

NUMBERING SYSTEM In order to have all players understand what the desired point of attack is we will assign a number to the gaps between the Offensive Linemen. Using numbers to both assign the hole we are aiming for and for each of the backs it makes it easier to call a play in the huddle and have everyone locate the Point of Attack. We will however, call some plays such as the Wing Trap and the Sweep Play by simply calling a direction: Right or Left. We will number the holes to the right of the Center with even numbers and holes to the left with odd numbers.

Numbering System

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Blocking Rules
The most important element to any offensive scheme is blocking. Football games are usually won by the team that wins the battles up front. You want your Offensive Linemen to be quick, aggressive, and fundamentally sound on every snap of the ball. If they are confused as to whom to block on a given play, then they will likely loose the ability to be quick and aggressive because their mind is confused. The best remedy for this problem is to try and keep your blocking schemes simple, drill them every day in practice, and be familiar with your opponents so you can show your players the Defensive Alignment they are likely to face from week to week. It is also important that the Offensive Linemen learn to communicate at the LOS as to which player each of them is blocking. Encourage this, it does not have to be a secret, and will minimize the confusion. BASE BLOCKING RULES Many of the plays in our playbook call for base blocking rules. Base blocking rules are as follows: #1 Playside gap, #2 Head Up, #3 Back side gap, #4 Linebackers. The Offensive Linemen come to the ball, get set, and progress through these rules. If we are trying to run the 2 hole between the Center and Right Guard those two players will check the A gap first. If there is a defender lined up in that gap they check to see if they have a defender head up on them, if the Center has a Nose Tackle on him the Right Guard will block the player in the gap and the Center will block the Nose Tackle (FIG. 1). If the Center does not have a Nose Tackle he will check the back side A gap and block that player (FIG. 2). Their final check is for a Linebacker, if the Linebacker is outside the A gap defender the Center will block the gap defender and the Right Guard will block the Linebacker (FIG. 3).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

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Blocking Rules (Contd)

32 Dive vs. 5-3 Defense 32 Dive vs. 4-4 Defense

Ball Carrier makes adjustment off of block

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Blocking Rules (Contd)

TRAP BLOCKING A Trap play is designed to get the Defense flowing in the wrong direction with backfield action and then have the ball come back the other way. The Offensive Line allows a down lineman (the first down lineman beyond the A gap) to come across the LOS, and the backside Guard pulls down the line to execute the Trap block, he should block him from the inside out. The playside Tackle, Guard, and Center all down block in the opposite direction of the Trap. The playside End out blocks, while the back side Tackle and End apply base rules.

Trap Left

Trap Right

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Blocking Rules (Contd)

HOOK BLOCK This is a block usually executed by an End when trying to run the football out to the Edge or wide. The Offensive player tries to get his head and shoulders to the outside of a defensive player and try to turn him back inside.

Hook Block

STALK BLOCK A Stalk Block is performed by the Split Ends or Flankers when they are set outside of the box and when trying to run the ball to the edge. The players take off as if they are running a pass pattern and they attack the Defensive Player without passing him. Once the Defender reads that it is a run play and begins to attack the ball carrier the Offensive players begin to block them, it is important that they stay between the ball carrier and the defender with quick feet and contact.

Stalk Block Start

Stalk Block Finish

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Blocking Rules (Contd)

DOUBLE TEAM We use the Double Team block on all of our Ice Series plays. The Offensive Linemen must work together and not allow the Defensive player to split the double team. They should drive the defender into the second level and shut down any back side pursuit. You have to win every double team block and communication is important.

Double Team a Head Up Defender

Double Team A Gap Defender

CRACK BLOCK We will use a Crack Block when running a sweep play to the outside. The Flanker or Split End will come down from the outside to block the first defender he sees coming from the box. It is important to note that the rules of football do not allow a player to come from the outside and into the box area and block a player in the back, the Crack Block should be under control and contact should be made above the waist and in the chest.

Crack Block

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Blocking Rules (Contd)

FINAL POINTS To execute during games you must perfect all the fundamentals of blocking in practice. A great block starts with a great stance, great first step, great pad level, and explosion through the defender. Players should block until the referee blows the whistle to stop play and never stop moving their feet. Communication is very important so all Linemen are on the same page. If you are finding it difficult to run inside, try taking bigger splits (the space between each lineman) and see if the defense will continue to line up wider and wider with the splits.

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Inside Running Game - THE DIVE PLAY

The Dive Play is a staple of this offense not only because it can yield positive yards on a consistent basis, but also because it sets up other plays within the offense. It requires a great line surge by the offensive line and an explosive take off by the running back to fight for tough yards. LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight Ends or Pro Formation 4 May also use an unbalanced line if the defense does not adjust to the extra man.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Base rule Backside Guard Base rule Center Base rule Playside Guard Base rule Playside Guard Base rule Playside End Base rule Backside End Inside release, downfield block Wing Back Playside: base rule Backside: inside release, downlfield block Ball Carrier Explode out of stance, low pad level, solid pocket, hit the hole with power Quarterback Open playside, deliver ball to ball carrier, carry out sweep fake Opposite Back Open up down the line with sweep speed for fake *If using unbalanced line all playside lineman use base rule

COACHING POINTS:

4 Ensure that the Running Back depth is such that the handoff is a quick exchange, move the backs up if needed. 4 Do not allow the ball carrier to bounce the play outside, the Dive play will set up outside runs, emphasize to all Running Backs they
have to be tough and stay inside.

4 Ball carrier pad level should be low, ball must be well secured, and the feet should never stop moving forward. 4 Carry out the post handoff fakes, do not get lazy. 4 Linemen should communicate on the Line of Scrimmage, if they have a gap defender they need to know who is blocking him.
A double team that moves the gap player into the Linebacker works just as well as two single blocks.

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Inside Running Game - THE DIVE PLAY (Contd)

Split Backs Double Right 32 Dive I Unbalanced Left 31 Dive

Split Backs Double Right 41 Dive

Split Backs Pro Set Left 42 Dive

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Inside Running Game - THE SLAM PLAY

The Slam Play is a variation of the Dive Play and is used to set up the Scissors Counter Play. The Running Back in the Slam Play approaches the
point of attack at an angle and often has a great cut back lane once he hits the Line of Scrimmage.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight Ends 4 Pro Set is also an option to move defenders out of the box and to move the Safety further away from the ball.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Base rule Backside Guard Base rule Center Base rule Playside Guard Base rule Playside Guard Base rule Playside End Base rule Backside End Inside release, downfield block Wing Back Playside: base rule Backside: inside release, downfield block Ball Carrier Explode out of stance, directional step w/ inside foot, low pad level, solid pocket, hit the hole with power Quarterback Open playside, deliver handoff, take second step away from LOS, fake counter handoff, then bootleg around formation Opposite Back Jab step with outside foot away, then directional step with inside foot, create pocket, execute fake handoff and attack opposite B gap

COACHING POINTS:

4 Depth of Running Backs should be close enough to ensure a quick handoff. 4 Do not let the ball carrier attempt to bounce the play outside, keep the play inside to force the defense to load up the box. 4 The counter fake with the opposite Running Back is a big part of the Slam Play, ensure that the QB and RB create a strong fake to
keep the backside defenders honest. 4 Practice fakes as much as you practice handoffs. 4 Linemen must block to the whistle and keep driving defenders into pursuit alleys.

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Inside Running Game - THE SLAM PLAY (Contd)

Split Backs Double Left 34 Slam Split Backs Double Right 31 Slam

Split Backs Pro Set Left 43 Slam

Split Backs Double Right 44 Slam

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Inside Running Game - THE SCISSORS COUNTER TRAP PLAY

The Scissors Counter Trap Play is part 2 of the Slam Play. If you are having solid success with the Slam and Dive plays the Counter provides great misdirection and takes advantage of an over aggressive defense. We would like to trap the first down lineman outside of the A gap, which is usually the Tackle. LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight Ends 4 Pro Set is also an option to move defenders out of the box and to move the Safety further away from the ball.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Base rule Backside Guard Pull and execute trap block. Trap first down lineman past the A gap Center Double NT with guard or block backside A gap Playside Guard Double NT with Center or block backside gap Playside Tackle Down block, force DT to come outside and up for trap Playside End Block DE out Backside End Inside release, downfield block Wing Back Playside: base rule Backside: inside release, downfield block Ball Carrier Jab step with outside foot away, then directional step with inside foot, create pocket, take handoff and attack hole reading the trap block Quarterback Reverse out fake slam handoff, take second step away from LOS, deliver handoff, then bootleg around formation Opposite Back Explode out of stance, directional step with inside foot, execute fake handoff, hit the hole vacated by pulling Guard and block defender

COACHING POINTS:

4 Depth of Running Backs should be close enough to ensure a quick handoff. 4 Ball carrier must read the trap block and adjust his angle accordingly. Keep play inside of Trap. 4 The slam fake with the opposite Running Back is important; ensure that the QB and RB create a strong fake
to keep the backside defenders honest. 4 Practice fakes as much as you practice handoffs. 4 Ensure that the pulling Guard stays close to the LOS and does not step back into the backfield. 4 Linemen must block to the whistle and keep driving defenders into pursuit alleys.

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Inside Running Game - THE SCISSORS COUNTER TRAP PLAY (Contd)

Split Backs Double Left Scissors Counter Trap Left Split Backs Double Right Scissors Counter Trap Right

I Pro Set Right Scissors Counter Trap Right

Split Backs Double Right Scissors Counter Trap Left

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Inside Running Game - THE WING TRAP PLAY

The Wing Trap Play is an excellent misdirection play that counters the Dive play. It is an excellent play to run on a short yardage down, when the
defense may be expecting a simple Dive or Slam play. A great surge by the Offensive Line is important due to the slow development of the play. Trap the first down lineman outside of the A gap.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight Ends 4 Pro Set

ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Base rule Backside Guard Pull and execute trap block. Trap first down lineman past the A gap Center Double NT with Guard or block backside A gap Playside Guard Double NT with Center or block backside gap Playside Tackle Down block, force DT to come outside and up for trap Playside End Block DE out Backside End Drive block and prevent any penetration Wing Back Jab step with outside foot then square up and come down the line for inside handoff, secure ball and read trap block Dive Back Explode out of stance, execute fake dive handoff, hit the hole vacated by pulling Guard and block defender Quarterback Reverse out, fake dive handoff and continue outside and execute inside handoff with Wing Back, continue to fake sweep around edge Fake Sweep Back Open up down the line with sweep speed for fake

COACHING POINTS:

4 Width of Wing Back should not be adjusted, work on timing with the jab step so the handoff occurs at the backside C gap. 4 Ball carrier must read the trap block and adjust his angle accordingly. Keep play inside of Trap do not go outside. 4 The dive fake must hit quickly to ensure the back replaces the pulling Guard and blocks. 4 Quarterback must stay close to the LOS and protect the ball at all times. 4 Ensure that the pulling Guard stays close to the LOS and does not step back into the backfield. 4 Linemen must control the LOS and not get downfield too quickly.
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Inside Running Game - THE WING TRAP PLAY (Contd)

Split Backs Double Right Wing Trap Left Split Backs Double Left Wing Trap Right

I Double Right Wing Trap Left

I Double Left Wing Trap Right

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Ice Series
The Ice Series of plays are designed to create a double team at the point of attack with the Offensive Lineman and a lead block on an isolated
defender by one of the Running Backs. In an odd front defense you can Ice the A gap by doubling the Nose Tackle and leading on the inside Linebacker or Ice the C gap by doubling the Defensive Tackle and leading on the outside Linebacker / Defensive End.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight Ends 4 Pro Set

ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Base rule Backside Guard Base rule Center If Ice is A gap - double team NT If other hole - base rule Playside Guard If Ice is A gap - double team NT If other hole - base rule Playside Tackle If Ice is C gap - double team DT If other hole - base rule Playside End If Ice is C gap - double team DT If other hole - base rule Backside End Release inside and get downfield for block Wing Back Playside: if Ice is C gap, block out on outside LB, or base rule backside: release inside and get downfield for block Lead Back Explode out of stance, aim for outside leg of double team block and lead on the Ice player. Get square and drive through the block Quarterback A gap Ice: reverse out, let lead back clear and make handoff. C gap Ice: open playside and get depth for handoff so back can adjust to lead block, after either handoff bootleg away Ball Carrier A gap Ice: explode out of stance, take handoff, read lead back Ice block and attack the hole. C gap Ice: take directional step to get square, take handoff, attack hole from inside out and read the lead block.

COACHING POINTS:

4 It helps to widen the Offensive Line splits slightly to create a larger gap for the lead block. 4 Ball Carrier must stay behind the lead block and work through the gap of double team block and the lead Ice block. 4 Offensive Lineman must communicate prior to the snap to ensure they agree who the double team is on. Must drive the double team
block off the ball and into the alley. 4 Quarterback needs to get depth on C gap Ice play so the ball carrier can get square and attack the hole with speed.

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Ice Series (Contd)

I Pro Set Right 42 Ice (A Gap) I Double Left 41 Ice (A Gap)

Split Backs Double Right 46 Ice (C Gap)

Split Backs Pro Set Left 45 Ice (C Gap)

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Sweep
The Sweep Play is designed to get the ball carrier outside the end and into open space where he can use speed, elusiveness, and even power to advance the ball down the field. You can transfer the ball from the Quarterback to the ball carrier with a hand off, however we will show it as a pitch here; this allows the play to develop quicker. It is not recommended that you run this play from a hash mark to the short side of the field. LINE FORMATION:

4 Pro Set
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Release inside and get downfield for block Backside Guard Base rule Center Base rule Playside Guard If uncovered: pull and get around end to block inside. If covered: base rule Playside Tackle If uncovered: pull and get around end to block inside. If covered: base rule Playside End Hook block on Defensive End Backside End Take off release then work towards middle of the field to block Wing Back Crack block inside. Do not block any players in the back, come down inside and as defenders turn to stop sweep - block first man that appears Lead Back Explode out of stance, aim for widest defender (usually CB) if CB is squeezing in - block him. If CB maintains spacing to the sideline - stalk and get up field Quarterback Open playside with two step mechanics and pitch the ball to the ball carrier. Then replace the Offensive Lineman that pulled and block inside Ball Carrier R  eceive the pitch and follow the lead blocker reading his block on the CB. Do not string the play outside to the sideline, get square and get yardage downfield

COACHING POINTS:

4 Work on the angle of crack block from the flanked out Wing Back, his aiming point should be just behind the down defensive lineman. 4 The pitch needs to be quick and accurate, practice this everyday with backs at full speed. 4 Pulling Offensive Lineman need to get around the End quickly and pick up the pursuing defenders coming from the inside. 4 Do not string the play out to the sideline, the ball carrier must get his shoulders square and attack the LOS and get positive yards.
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Sweep (Contd)
I Pro Set Right 48 Sweep Right I Pro Set Left 47 Sweep Left

Split Backs Pro Set Right 48 Sweep Right

Split Backs Pro Set 47 Sweep Left

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Bootleg Series
The Bootleg Plays plays are great when defenses over adjust to stop a play that has been working. You can run the Bootleg off of many of the
inside runs and having a great fake by the Backs is the key to making this home run play work. Coaches should watch the Cornerbacks on inside runs, if they get over aggressive by coming down in the box or get lazy, that is the time to call the Bootleg.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight 4 Pro Set

ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Release inside and get downfield for block Backside Guard Base rule Center Base rule Playside Guard Base rule Playside Tackle Base rule Playside End Hook block on defensive end Backside End Release inside and get downfield for block Wing Back Try to hook outside LB, if hook block is not possible - drive block and allow QB to cut off of block 3 Back Carry out play fake called Quarterback Fake called play, then hide ball as you attack the edge and read the block of the end and wing back 4 Back Carry out play fake

COACHING POINTS:

4 Play starts with an excellent fake by the Quarterback and Running Backs; this must be executed to perfection. It should look like the real play. 4 The Quarterback must hide the ball and use quick feet to get to the edge. 4 The End and Wing Back have tough blocks but once those defenders see the action in the backfield they may attack that side and
make the hooks easier to execute.

4 If the Quarterback finds himself one on one with a Cornerback that is a battle he can win, have him attack the defender using speed or
power, do not stop and start or stretch the play out.

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Bootleg Series (Contd)

Split Backs Double Left 17 Bootleg / 36 Ice Split Backs Double Right 18 Bootleg / 35 Ice

I Double Left 17 Bootleg / 31 Slam

I Double Right 18 Bootleg / 32 Slam

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Passing - ROUTES
Passing the football is something that Coaches should embrace and commit to and not be afraid to implement into their offensive scheme. Like any other phase of the game, it requires practice to attain the proper skills, coordination and timing. A solid passing game will involve more players and force the defense to respect the threat, thus making the running game more effective. ROUTES: We use several routes in the playbook and the depth of the routes should be adjusted for the age and skill level of your players. It does not make sense to have a player run a 20 yard post route if the Quarterback can not throw the football that far. Coaches may elect to number pass routes using a standard passing tree. The Passing Tree assigns numbers to each route. Making it possible to call pass plays with a three number system. Even numbers are inside routes and odd numbers outside, the call always goes from left to right across the formation for the eligible receivers. (0) Hitch The receiver sprints up field, stops his movement at 4 yards with his outside foot, and turns back inside, moving towards the LOS. (1) Dump The Dump route is a very quick pass to a Tight End. He releases inside his defender and clears the LOS and looks for the
pass inside. The receiver should not slant into the box, but rather go straight down field.

(2) Slant The receiver sprints up field, at 4 yards he plants on his outside foot and angles into the center of the field. (3) Out The receiver sprints up field, at 6 yards he plants on his inside foot and squares off his movement towards the sideline. (4) Hook The receiver sprints up field, stops his movement at 9 yards with his outside foot, and turns back inside, moving towards the LOS. (5) Curl The receiver sprints up field, stops his movement at 9 yards with his inside foot, and turns back outside, moving towards the LOS. (6) In The receiver sprints up field, at 6 yards he plants on his outside foot and squares off his movement towards the middle of the field. (7) Corner The receiver sprints up field, at 10 yards he angles out and upfield towards the corner pylon in the back of the end zone. (8) Post The receiver sprints up field, at 10 yards he then angles inside and upfield towards the goal post. (9) Up The receiver sprints up field, working close to a straight line towards the end zone, looking for the ball after about 15 yards.

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Passing - PROTECTION SCHEMES

PROTECTION SCHEMES
Pass protection for the Offensive Linemen can be very difficult and often times it is not their fault when things break down. For younger players it is important that the pass plays called are quick hitting plays where the Quarterback gets rid of the ball quickly. Often times coaches teach pass blocking in a retreat manner, where the Offensive Linemen back up and then try to block the defenders as they pursue the quarterback. Teaching the Offensive Linemen to fire out and attempt to block on the LOS (not getting down field) may prove to be more successful.

ZERO PROTECTION The Offensive Linemen fire out of their stances as if running a Dive Play and both sides of the ball block to their Inside Gap, towards the Center.

Zero Protection

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Passing - PROTECTION SCHEMES (Contd)

LAKE AND RIVER PROTECTION
This is a directional protection package where the Offensive Linemen step in the called direction Lake is left and River is right and protects the gap in the direction they are stepping. The Linemen must move together to avoid creating large gaps where Defensive players can shoot through and get into the backfield.

Lake Protection

River Protection

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Passing - PROTECTION SCHEMES (Contd)

POCKET PROTECTION This scheme incorporates the two backs in the protection package. This is used primarily for straight drop back passes and deeper patterns. The Offensive Linemen account for the defensive players from the Center out and the backs will block the defenders coming off the edge. If an Offensive Lineman does not have a defender rushing over him he should set up and help other linemen keep defenders on the LOS.

Pocket Protection vs. 5-3

Pocket Protection vs. 4-4 with Blitz

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Dump Pass
The Dump Pass is an excellent high percentage pass play that can be run with the youngest of players. It can be run out of various formations and while it is not a traditional play action play with a ball fake, the explosion of the backs out of the backfield in a Dive fake will often bring the Linebackers up to stop the run creating a great passing lane to get the ball to the Tight End. LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight 4 Pro Set

ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Zero pass protection Backside Guard Zero pass protection Center Zero pass protection Playside Guard Zero pass protection Playside Tackle Zero pass protection Receiving Tight End Inside release / look for pass Opposite End If tight: zero pass protection If split: run a fly pattern Wing Back Block edge defender to the outside, or if flanked out wide - run a fly pattern Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called Quarterback Take one step as if running dive, set feet and deliver dump pass, if covered keep ball and run inside Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called

COACHING POINTS:

4 The Offensive Linemen must fire out low and sell a run block look without getting downfield. 4 The Quarterback must read the defender closest to the Tight End prior to the snap to ensure he does not get into the passing lane. 4 Backside effort applies to the Backs and the split receivers in a Pro Set; they must come out of their stances as if they are getting the football. 4 The Tight End going out for the pass must force his Defensive End to the outside with an inside release and a shoulder strike to gain separation.

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Dump Pass (Contd)

Split Backs Double Left Dump Pass Right Zero Fake Dives Split Backs Pro Set Left Dump Pass Left Zero Fake Sweep Right

I Double Right Dump Pass Right Zero Fake 41 Ice

I Pro Set Right Dump Pass Right Zero Fake 41 Ice

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Wing Seam Pass

The Wing Seam Pass, like the Dump Pass, is a high percentage pass and can be executed by the youngest of players. Its success requires a
great play action fake and proper timing on the release of the Wing Back from the Line of Scrimmage. This is a great change of pace call on a short yardage down when the defense may be expecting a power run like an Ice Play. In Split Backs, fake the C gap Ice Play and have the Offensive Line down block away. In I formation, fake A gap Ice Play and Offensive Line blocks to zero.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight
ASSIGNMENTS:
Left Tackle Pass protection called Left Guard Pass protection called Center Pass protection called Right Guard Pass protection called Right Tackle Pass protection called Right Tight End Pass protection called Left Tight End Pass protection called Wing Back Down block for a count of 1-2 and then run a seam pattern and catch the pass Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called Quarterback Execute play fake, set feet and deliver pass to the wing back, if not open follow backs and call bingo Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called

COACHING POINTS:

4 The Offensive Linemen must fire out low and sell a run block look without getting downfield. 4 The Quarterback must execute a great play fake and then set his feet quickly to deliver the pass. 4 If for any reason the pass is not an option the Quarterback must make a BINGO call to alert everyone he is running and follows the
backs he just executed the fake with.

4 The Wing Back must first execute a down block and then get up field to receive the pass. If he leaves too early he will hold the Safety in
the middle of the field and may get too far down field for the Quarterbacks arm strength.

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Wing Seam Pass (Contd)

Split Backs Double Right Wing Seam Pass Lake 46 Ice Split Backs Double Left Wing Seam Pass River 45 Ice

I Double Right Wing Seam Pass Zero 42 Ice

Split Backs Double Left Wing Seam Pass River 45 Ice Bingo Call

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Bootleg Pass
The Bootleg Pass plays directly off of the Bootleg Run and will place a tremendous amount of pressure on edge defenders like the Cornerback
and outside Linebackers. The movement of the Quarterback allows him to build up momentum as he attacks the Line of Scrimmage which helps his ability to pass the ball downfield. The Quarterback always has the option to tuck the ball away and run for positive yardage if a good passing opportunity does not present itself.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight
ASSIGNMENTS:
Left Tackle Pass protection called Left Guard Pass protection called Center Pass protection called Right Guard Pass protection called Right Tackle Pass protection called Playside Tight End Down block for a count of 1 and then runs corner route Backside Tight End Down blocks for a count of 1 and then runs drag route Wing Back Provides edge protection for QB. Do not allow penetration from the outside Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called Quarterback Execute play fake, hide the football with quick feet, get around the edge and read the passing options. Always throw while attacking the Line of Scrimmage Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called

COACHING POINTS:
deliver the football. 4 The Offensive Linemen must fire out low and sell a run block without getting downfield. 4 The Quarterback must execute a great play fake and then use quick feet to get around the edge and put pressure on the defense to cover pass or run. 4 Running Backs must protect the back side and not allow pursuit to catch the Quarterback from behind. 4 The Tight End should hold his block for a count of 1 before releasing. This will help sell the play as a run and keep the receiver from getting too far downfield.

4 The Quarterback has a basic read as he attacks the LOS: where is the Cornerback? Where the Cornerback is will tell him where to

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Bootleg Pass (Contd)

Split Backs Double Left Bootleg Pass Left Lake F36 Ice Split Backs Double Right Bootleg Pass River Right F35 Ice

I Double Left Bootleg Pass Left Lake F 31 Slam

I Double Right Bootleg Pass River F 32 Slam

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Bootleg Throwback Pass

The Bootleg Throwback Pass is an adjustment to the Bootleg Pass that Coaches should call once they see the Safety begin to rotate over to
cover the playside Tight End on the Bootleg Pass. The Quarterback does not attack the edge like in the traditional Bootleg Pass this pass can be a bit more difficult for the youngest of players to get downfield. Quarter back must have a strong enough arm to complete this pass on a line.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Double Tight
ASSIGNMENTS:
Left Tackle Pass protection called Left Guard Pass protection called Center Pass protection called Right Guard Pass protection called Right Tackle Pass protection called Playside Tight End Down block for a count of 1 then runs corner route Backside Tight End Down blocks for a count of 1 and then fakes corner and runs a post route Wing Back Provides edge protection for QB. Do not allow penetration from the inside Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called Quarterback Execute play fake, hide the football , set feet and deliver pass to open tight end based on location of the safety Back Explode out of stance, stay low and run play fake as called

COACHING POINTS:

4 The Quarterback must read the position of the Safety, it is likely that the Safety will read Bootleg Pass and rotate over to cover the corner
route he expects from the Tight End.

4 The Offensive Linemen must fire out low and sell a run block without getting downfield, block to the whistle and protect the pocket. 4 The Quarterback must execute a great play fake and then set his feet quickly, read the Safety and deliver the ball to the open Tight End. 4 Running Backs must provide pocket protection for the Quarterback after executing a great fake. 4 Timing with the Tight Ends is important to ensure they do not out run the Quarterbacks arm strength.

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Bootleg Throwback Pass (Contd)

Split Backs Double Right Bootleg Throwback Left River F 35 Ice Split Backs Double Left Bootleg Throwback Right Lake F 36 Ice

I Double Left Bootleg Throwback Pass Right Lake F 31 Slam

I Double Right Bootleg Throwback Pass Left River F 32 Slam

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Sweep Pass
The Sweep Pass play is designed to give the ball carrier a run / pass option from the Sweep Play. If you are having success with the Sweep Play
then defenses will make adjustments to get more defensive players to the edge to stop the run. This is when calling the Sweep Pass is the right call. It is important that the Ball Carrier understands if he has daylight in front of him then keeping the football and running with it is always the best choice. It is best to not run this play from the hash mark to the short side of the field.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Pro Set
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Check for an edge blitz and protect inside out Backside Guard Playside slide protection Center Playside slide protection Playside Guard Playside slide protection Playside Tackle Playside slide protection Playside End Playside slide protection Backside Split End Run a deep drag across the field Wing Back Come down inside as if running the crack block on the sweep and then run a corner route back to the sideline Lead Back E  xplode out of stance and aim for widest defender. The most dangerous edge defender must be blocked. Quarterback  Open playside with two step mechanics and pitch the ball to the ball carrier. Then step back and away from sweep and protect backside. Ball Carrier R  eceive the pitch and follow the lead back. Sell that you are running the sweep. Read the cornerback and safety, if they are attacking the sweep the then pass routes will become open. If they stay back and play pass, protect the football and run.

COACHING POINTS:

4 For the Sweep Pass to work it has to look like a run for as long as possible. 4 The Wing Back must attack as if he is running the crack and be patient before breaking out to the corner route. 4 The offensive line is working on slide protection and they must move together without creating seams for defenders to run through. 4 Have the Back practice throwing on the run, if he stops to set up he will tip his hand.
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Sweep Pass (Contd)

I Pro Set Right 48 Sweep Pass River I Pro Set Left 47 Sweep Pass Lake

Split Backs Pro Set Right 48 Sweep Pass River

Split Backs Pro Set Left 47 Sweep Pass Lake

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Swing / Screen Pass

The Swing / Screen Pass is a high percentage pass that can gain big yards against an undisciplined defense. The difference between the two
calls is how you choose to block the play. In the Swing Pass we try to get a Back out of the backfield out in open space without Offensive Linemen downfield ahead of him. However, the Screen Pass is a play designed to get Offensive Linemen out in front of the Back and can be difficult to coordinate. Both calls require the Quarterback to take a great deal of pressure from the defense before passing the football.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Pro Set
ASSIGNMENTS:
Backside Tackle Block defensive end out and away from the pocket Backside Guard S  wing: zero protection Screen: force defender outside, then release downfield Center Swing: zero protection Screen force: defender away, then release downfield Playside Guard Swing: zero protection Screen: force defender outside, then release downfield Playside Tackle Block defender inside, limit penetration Playside End Block defensive end out and away from the pocket Split End Take off and stalk technique Wing Back Take off and stalk technique Blocking Back Protect QB from most dangerous defender Quarterback Take 5 step drop looking downfield to sell throwing the deep pass. Continue to drop and take as much pressure as possible before delivering pass to the back. Receiving Back Set up as if blocking. Then swing to opposite side to receive pass from QB. Secure ball and get downfield.

COACHING POINTS:

4 Timing is key to this play. Must practice at full speed with pressure on the QB. 4 The Split End and Wing Back must sell deep pass and then become blockers only when the defenders reads the play and comes up field. 4 If pressure is getting to the QB too quickly then run this play without screen blocking, leave the Offensive Linemen in to provide more protection. 4 Pass must be caught behind the LOS to avoid Linemen downfield penalty.
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Swing / Screen Pass (Contd)

Split Backs Pro Set Left Swing Pass Left Zero Split Backs Pro Set Right Swing Pass Right Zero

Split Backs Pro Set Left Screen Pass Left

Split Backs Pro Set Right Screen Pass Right

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Passing Tree Routes

The Tree Routes use the concept of the passing tree, which gives the Quarterback a couple of simple reads to determine who receives the
football. The protection package on all these plays is Pocket Protection and we will show various routes that can be adjusted to accommodate the Quarterbacks throwing arm strength. The pass routes are called for the 3 receivers from left to right in the formation.

LINE FORMATION:

4 Pro Set
ASSIGNMENTS:
Tackle Pocket Protection Guard Pocket Protection Center Pocket Protection Guard Pocket Protection Tackle Pocket Protection Tight End Called Route Split End Called Route Wing Back Called Route Back Protect pocket from outside in Quarterback Take the appropriate drop and find your keys, read them and deliver the pass Back Protect pocket from outside in

COACHING POINTS:

4 A solid passing game requires a commitment to practice. Practice these plays at full speed and give your Quarterback different defensive
looks to prepare him. 4 Protection up front is the key, Offensive Lineman should win their blocks on the LOS and not give up too much ground. 4 Put cones out in the field during practice to show the receivers the proper depth for their routes. 4 Do not ruin your Quarterbacks confidence, he will make mistakes at first, provide him with fixes and the mistakes will decline.

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Passing Tree Routes (Contd)

As shown Split Pro Right Post - Out - In (836) Pocket Pro As shown Split Pro Right Hitch - Hitch - Hitch (000) Pocket Pro

As shown Split Backs Pro Right Slant - Slant - Hook (224) Pocket Pro

As shown Split Backs Pro Left in - Out - Post (638) Pocket Pro

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COPYRIGHT 2009 BY USA FOOTBALL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The information in this publication has been compiled to aid youth football coaches. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission of USA Football, 8300 Boone Boulevard, Suite 625, Vienna, VA 22182. None of the activities depicted in this publication should be performed without qualified adult supervision. Use discretion, place safety above all other goals and always make certain that players are wearing proper safety gear. Writing, technical editing and diagrams by Larry Canard. Cover and layout by HeadRush Creative. Printed in the United States of America. A USA FOOTBALL BOOK.