You are on page 1of 5

OFDM/OQAM with Hermitian Symmetry: Design

and Performance for Baseband Communication


Hao LIN and Pierre SIOHAN
France Telecom, Research and Development Division
4, rue du Clos Courtel, B.P. 91226
35512 Cesson Svign Cedex, France
Email: [hao.lin,pierre.siohan]@orange-ftgroup.com
AbstractOFDM/OQAM is a special type of multi-carrier
modulation that can be considered as an alternative to conven-
tional OFDM with cyclic prex (CP) for transmission over multi-
path fading channels. Indeed, as it requires no guard interval,
it has the advantage of a theoretical higher spectral efciency.
In this paper, we propose a new version of OFDM/OQAM
named in short HS-OQAM, where HS means that an Hermitian
Symmetry property is used to directly provide a modulated
real-valued signal. We analyze the links between HS-OQAM
to Wavelet OFDM (WOFDM) modulation and Wilson-based
modulated lter banks. The performances of HS-OQAM are
compared to the ones of CP-OFDM for the transmission over
Power Line Communication (PLC) channels.
I. INTRODUCTION
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is
an efcient Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM) to ght against
multi-path fading channels. However, an important drawback
of OFDM, a equivalent of Discrete MultiTone (DMT) modula-
tion, is that the minimum stopband attenuation is only of 13
dB. Several alternatives have been researched to nd multi
carrier modulation (MCM) schemes that could provide better
frequency selectivity, or time-frequency localization, features
either for baseband, with e.g. Wavelet OFDM (WOFDM) [1]
or radio-frequency, with e.g. OFDM/OQAM, transmission [2]
[4].
In OFDM/OQAM each subcarrier is modulated with an
Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM). This prin-
ciple has been introduced long ago [2], but it is more recently
[3] that OFDM/OQAM has been presented as a viable alter-
native to OFDM. Similarly to WOFDM, OFDM/OQAM has
also a close relation with modulated lter banks (MFBs), as
shown for instance in [4]. In OFDM/OQAM the data symbols
transmitted over each sub-carrier correspond to real PAM
symbols that are issued from a complex QAM constellation.
As the duration of these PAM symbols are half the one
of the QAM ones, we get the same spectral efciency as
for OFDM transmitting QAM symbols without using Cyclic
Prex (CP). Thus, relaxing the orthogonality condition to the
real eld permits the introduction of a pulse shaping that can
provide a good localization in time and frequency which is not
possible with OFDM/DMT. WOFDM is a MCM system that
also takes advantage of the real orthogonality to introduce an
appropriate pulse shaping [1]. Furthermore, as WOFDM is a
transmultiplexer (TMUX) based on Cosine MFB (CMFB) [5]
it directly delivers, as required for a baseband transmission,
a real-valued signal. Differently from WOFDM, and even
though the prototype lter and OQAM symbols are real-
valued, the baseband OFDM/OQAM signal is complex-valued.
Our aim here is to investigate the Hermitian Symmetry
(HS) property for OFDM/OQAM and to nd the conditions
under which a real-valued signal can be directly obtained.
The solution proposed corresponds to a new system called
OFDM/HS-OQAM. We examine its links with already known
lter bank-based MCM systems and evaluate its performances
in the case of a transmission over a PLC channel. In section II,
we give a general presentation of OFDM/OQAM in discrete-
time and present its links with CMFB and WOFDM. In section
III, we investigate the HS property for OFDM/OQAM and the
resulting TMUX structures. In section IV, we illustrate the ap-
plication to HS-OQAM of a channel estimation (CE) method
proposed in [6]. In section V, we compare the performance
of HS-OQAM and conventional OFDM in an HomePlug AV
context [7], using realistic channel models [8]. For concision,
in the rest of this paper we name OFDM/OQAM as OQAM
and OFDM/HS-OQAM as HS-OQAM.
II. THE OQAM MULTICARRIER MODULATION SCHEME
A. General description of discrete-time OQAM
The baseband equivalent of a discrete-time OQAM signal
can be written as follows [3]:
s[k] =
M1

m=0

nZ
a
m,n
p[k nN]e
j
2
M
m(k
L1
2
)
e
jm,n
. .
gm,n[k]
(1)
with
m,n
=
0
+

2
(n +m) (mod ) (2)
and M the number of subcarriers, p the prototype lter, L
the length of the lter p, N = M/2 is the discrete-time offset.

m,n
is an additional phase term in which
0
can be arbitrarily
chosen. The transmitted symbols a
m,n
are real-valued. They
are obtained from a 2
2K
-QAM constellation, taking the real
and imaginary parts of these complex-valued symbols. For two
successive subcarriers, the time-offset N is introduced onto the
real part for the rst one and onto the imaginary part for the
second one [3], [4], [9], so that M has to be even. Differently
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008 proceedings.
978-1-4244-2075-9/08/$25.00 2008 IEEE 652
from OFDM, for OQAM the orthogonality of the modulating
functions g
m,n
[k] is expressed using the real inner product:
'p, q) = '
_

kZ
p[k]q

[k]
_
, (3)
where denotes the complex conjugation. As the correspond-
ing orthogonality constraints are less stringent than for OFDM
[9], they can be satised with prototypes being well localized
in time and frequency.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
F
F
T
P
O
L
Y
P
H
A
S
E
P/S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S/P
P
O
L
Y
P
H
A
S
E
F
F
T
P
O
S
T
-
-
-

M
O
D
U
D
L
A
T
I
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
a0,n
a1,n
aM1,n
P
R
E
M
O
D
L
A
T
I
O
N
U
Fig. 1. Transmultiplexer scheme for the OFDM/OQAM modulation.
In [4], it was shown that the OQAM modem could be
represented as a modulated transmultiplexer (TMUX). In Fig.
1, we depict the main building blocks of this OQAM TMUX.
The details of the structure can be found in [4]. When a
prototype lter satises the real orthogonality condition (3),
then, for a distortion-free channel, extracting the real part, see
'(.) in Fig. 1, we perfectly recover the transmitted symbol:
(m, n), a
m,n
= a
m,n
.
B. Link with CMFB and WOFDM
To make a parallel between OFDM and OQAM, we place
ourselves in the situation where both systems transmit the
same quantity of information. This is the case if they have
the same number of sub-carriers (M) together with a duration
of N samples for the OQAM real data and M = 2N for the
QAM complex ones.
Based on the derivation of the modulated TMUX in [4] and
assuming that the OQAM prototype lter is of unit energy,
the synthesis and analysis lter bank, for m = 0, ..., M 1,
k = 0, ..., L 1, are such that:
f
m
[k] = p[k]e
j
2
M
m(k
L1N
2
)
, (4)
h
m
[k] = p[k]e
j
2
M
m(k
L1+N
2
)
= f

m
[L 1 k], (5)
respectively. If, as assumed in the rest of the paper, the
prototype lter p[k], is real-valued and symmetrical, then
h
m
[k] = f
m
[k] for all m and k. Note that as OQAM has
no CP, the prototype length can be limited to the FFT size,
i.e. L
min
= M.
In the z domain, the prototype lter P(z) can also be
expressed as a function of its polyphase components G
l
(z)
of order 2N [5]:
P(z) =
2N1

l=0
z
l
G
l
(z
2N
) with G
l
(z) =

n
p[l+2N]z
n
.
In [4], it is shown that, for OQAM, one gets a perfect
orthogonality if and only if for 0 l N 1:
G
l
(z)G
l
(z
1
) +G
l+N
(z)G
l+N
(z
1
) =
1
N
, z. (6)
Thus, for OQAM we recover a Perfect Reconstruction (PR)
condition already known for CMFB [5] and Modied Discrete
Fourier Transform (MDFT) lterbanks [10]. As WOFDM,
and also most of the practical implementations of (Dis-
crete Wavelet MultiTone) DWMT systems [11], are based
on CMFB, this also means that a prototype lter, providing
perfect orthogonality for OQAM, also leads to WOFDM and
DWMT PR transmultiplexers.
III. OQAM WITH HERMITIAN SYMMETRY (HS-OQAM)
Wired communication systems, as e.g. PLC and DSL, often
impose the transmission of real-valued baseband transmit
signals. As the coefcients of its synthesis lter bank are
complex-valued, see (4), the transmit baseband OQAM signal
is also, in general, complex-valued. So let us now examine
what are the conditions to get it purely real.
A. Hermitian symmetry conditions for OFDM/HS-OQAM
As shown with (4), each synthesis lter is the frequency
shift version of the prototype lter. This feature is due to the
modulation term, i.e. e
j
2
M
m(k
D
2
)
setting D = L 1 in (1),
that corresponds to the Fourier transform kernel. It is well
known that if a discrete input sequence of a Fourier transform
is hermitian symmetric w.r.t its center coefcient, and the rst
and the center coefcient are real, then the output sequence of
the Fourier transform is entirely real. This property is directly
applied for DMT systems. Let us now examine, starting from
(1), how we can adapt it to OQAM:
s[k] =

n=
F
m,n,k
p[k nN] (7)
where,
F
m,n,k
=
N1

m=0
a
m,n
e
jm,n
e
j

N
m(k
D
2
)
+
M1

m=N
a
m,n
e
jm,n
e
j

N
m(k
D
2
)
. (8)
F
m,n,k
can also be rewritten as
F
m,n,k
=
_
a
0,n
e
j0,n
+a
N,n
e
jN,n
e
j(k
D
2
)
_
+
N1

m=1
_
a
m,n
e
jm,n
e
j

N
m(k
D
2
)
+ a
Mm,n
e
jMm,n
e
j

N
(Mm)(k
D
2
)
_
. (9)
Since the prototype lter p[k] has real-valued coefcients,
then, the transmit signal s[k] is real-valued, if
a
0,n
e
j0,n
+a
N,n
e
jN,n
e
j(k
D
2
)
', (10)
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008 proceedings.
653
and
am,ne
jm,n
e
j

N
m
D
2
=
_
aMm,ne
j
Mm,n
e
j

N
M(k
D
2
)
_

(11)
The solution of (10), chosen to be independent of k, is
a
0,n
= a
N,n
= 0. (12)
Then, substituting (2) into condition (11) leads to
a
m,n
= a
Mm,n
(1)
DNn
e
j20
. (13)
Thanks to conditions (12, 13), (7) can be expressed as
s[k] = 2

nZ
g[k nN]
N1

m=1
Re
_
a
m,n
e
jm,n
e
j

N
m(k
D
2
)
_
.
(14)
As the prototype lter p[k] is supposed to be real-valued
the transmit signal s[k] is purely real. So, (12, 13) are the
conditions for HS-OQAM modulation.
B. OFDM/HS-OQAM Transmultiplexer Structure
Let us now investigate the general TMUX structure of
HS-OQAM system, and specify the individual synthesis and
analysis lters. Condition (13) shows that if we set different
values to
0
, the hermitian condition will be changed as well,
then the TMUX structure is also changed. In this paper, we
set
m,n
=

2
(n +m) mn which is used in [4]. However,
similar computation steps can also be applied when setting

m,n
=

2
(n + m) as in [3]. Note that in the following
computation steps, the prototype lter may be of arbitrary
length. However, in order to provide causal TMUX structures,
this length is expressed at the end as L = N + , with
and two integers such that > 0 and 0 N 1 [4].
Substituting
m,n
into (14) yields
s[k] = 2

n=
p[k nN]
N1

m=1
a
m,n
cos
_

2
n +

N
m(k nN
D N
2
)
_
. .

m,n,k
(15)
Obviously
m,n,k
depends upon the parity of n, when n is
even (say, n = 2n

, n

Z), it may be expressed as

m,n,k
= (1)
n
2
cos
_

N
m(k nN
D N
2
)
_
. (16)
When n is odd (say, n = 2n

+ 1, n

Z),
m,n,k
writes
as

m,n,k
= (1)
n1
2
sin
_

N
m(k nN
D N
2
)
_
. (17)
Substituting (16, 17) into (15) yields
s[k] = 2

n=
(1)
n
(a
m,2n
p[k 2nN]
cos
_

N
m(k 2nN
D N
2
)
_
a
m,2n+1
p[k 2nN N]
sin
_

N
m(k 2nN N
D N
2
)
__
.(18)
Equation (18) shows that for each sub-carrier (or tone),
the synthesis lter can be further split into two subbranches
(i.e. upper and lower branch, respectively). As shown in [12],
the relationship between a discrete-time signal x[k] and its
decimated version shifted of samples, y[k] = x[kM + ],
can be expressed in the z domain by
z

Y (z
M
) =
1
M
M1

l=0
X(zW
l
M
)W
l
M
, (19)
where W
M
= e
j
2
M
. Therefore, in the upper branch, the
input sequence can be seen as the rst polyphase com-
ponent of the original symbol sequence a
m,n
. In other
words, a
even
m
(n) = a
m
(2n). In z domain, it corresponds to
A
even
m
(z
2
) =
1
2

1
l=0
A(zW
l
2
). Similarly for the lower branch,
it can be seen as the second polyphase component of the
original symbol sequence a
m,n
, a
odd
m
(n) = a
m
(2n +1), lead-
ing in the z domain to z
1
A
odd
m
(z
2
) =
1
2

1
l=0
A(zW
l
2
)W
l
2
.
That is to say, at each sub-carrier, the data sequence is rstly
processed by a decimator with factor of 2, secondly passes
through an expander with factor of N, then is ltered by
the synthesis lter. At receiver, the analysis lter bank has
a similar structure but delays ( and ) are added depending
on L. Fig. 2 depicts the transmultiplexer structure for the case
of
m,n
=

2
(n +m) mn.
The synthesis lters of each sub-carrier, with m = 1...N1,
can be expressed as
f
m
[k] = 2p[k] cos
_

N
m(k
D N
2
)
_
, (20)
f

m
[k] = 2p[k] sin
_

N
m(k
D N
2
)
_
. (21)
The analysis lters are simply the symmetrical version of
the synthesis lters, i.e., h
m
[k] = f
m
[L 1 k], h

m
[k] =
f

m
[L1k]). As in [10], this structure can also be arranged
into two blocks, with the upper block being a group of cos
lters (20) and the lower one being a group of delayed sin
lters ((21) with delay factor N). Since the condition (12)
restricts the symbol to null on the rst and the middle sub-
carrier, the lters for these sub-carriers may be arbitrary.
In addition, the HS-OQAM system has a link with the Dis-
crete Cosine and Sine Transform, more precisely DCT/DST I
or II depending on N is even or odd [10]. Furthermore, note
also that these lters have a linear-phase property which is
different from the one of the WOFDM modulator. In [13], the
author shows that DCT/DST I and II MFBs also correspond
to Wilson based MFBs. Therefore HS-OQAM system may be
seen as a dual of Wilson based MFB as well. It can also be
efciently implemented using FFTs. Compared to DMT the
additional complexity comes from the IFFT that has to be
twice faster and followed by a polyphase ltering.
IV. CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHOD AND EQUALIZATION
Channel estimation (CE) for OQAM presents some specic
features compared to OFDM [14]. In the case of preamble-
based estimation, these specicities could even be used to
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008 proceedings.
654
j j
j
j
j
j
r
r
r
j
j
j
j
j
j
r
j
j
j
j
r
r
j
j
j
r
r
r
r
j j r
j j
j j
j j
j j
j j
r
r
-
-
..................
6
..................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
-
..................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- -
6
6
6
6
-
-
?
- -
-
-
- -
?
6
?
?
-
-
?
-
?
?
- -
?
-
?
?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................
-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................
-
..................
-
-
-
?
?
?
-
-
6
6
6
- -
6
-
6
- -
-
?
-
6
-
- -
6
6
- -
6
-
- -
6
6
6
?
?
?
6
6
6
6
6
?
?
-
F
1
(z)
F

1
(z)
a
1,n
e
jn
am,n
e
jn
e
jn
s[k]
z

N 2
2
z
1
2
2
z
1
2
2
z
1
e
j(n)
e
j(n)
e
j(n)
R{}
R{} 2
z
1
N
2
2
z
1
2
2
z
1
R{}
a
N1,n
a
m,n
a
1,n
a
N1,n
N
N
N
N
N
Fm(z)
F

m
(z)
F
N1
(z)
F

N1
(z) H

N1
(z)
H

m
(z)
Hm(z)
H

1
(z)
H
1
(z) N
N
N
N
N
2
H
N1
(z)
Fig. 2. Transmultiplexer structure with m,n =

2
(n +m) mn.
provide better performances than CP-OFDM [6]. Here, we
give an illustration of the application to HS-OQAM.
A. Demodulation and Zero Forcing (ZF) equalization
We assume, as also generally the case for CP-OFDM, that
we have a at fading at each sub-carrier. Then, the received
signal can be written as [6],
y[k] =

n
M1

m=0
a
m,n
H
(c)
m,n
g
m,n
[k] +[k], (22)
where [k] is an additive noise component and H
(c)
m,n
repre-
sents the channel for subcarrier m at symbol time n. H
(c)
m,n
is complex-valued but necessarily HS and [k] is purely real.
This formulation, which is a key element for the CE method
in [6], cannot be directly applied to WOFDM.
A specic feature of OQAM is the real orthogonality (3)
which implies that the base functions in (1) are such that
'g
m,n
[g
p,q
) =
m,p

n,q
, with
m,p
the Kronecker symbol.
For concision purpose, we set g)
p,q
m,n
= g
m,n
[g
p,q
) with
g
m,n
[g
p,q
) a pure imaginary term for (m, n) ,= (p, q). Then,
it can be shown [6] that, with ZF equalization and noise taken
into apart, for any demodulated signal of index (m
0
, n
0
) in
the time-frequency plane, the estimated symbol is given by
a
m0,n0
= a
m0,n0
+'I
m0,n0
,
where
I
m0,n0
=

(p,q)=(0,0)
a
m0+p,n0+q
H
(c)
m
0+p,n0+q
H
(c)
m
0,n0
g)
m0,n0
m0+p,n0+q
is a complex-valued term. 'I
m0,n0
can be interpreted as
the residual interference due to the channel spreading. [6]
shows that, if the prototype lter is well localized in time
and frequency, we can get: 'I
m0,n0
0, leading to reliable
estimation of a
m0,n0
. Therefore we can have an accurate
detection of a
m0,n0
as long as we know the channel coefcient
H
(c)
m
0,n0
at the receiver side.
B. Interference Approximation Method (IAM)
Assuming the channel is locally time and frequency invari-
ant and that the prototype lter is well localized in time and
frequency, the received signal can be accurately approximated
by:
y
(c)
m,n
H
(c)
m,n
(a
m,n
+ja
(i)
m,n
) (23)
with a
(i)
m,n
the residual interference that occurs in the vicinity
of any symbol of index n, and for any subcarrier of index m.
The Interference Approximation Method (IAM) proposed
in [6] is a preamble-based CE where the receiver uses an ap-
proximation of a
(i)
m,n
. E.g. considering a neighborhood of size
33, denoted

1,1
, around a given time-frequency position
(m
0
, n
0
) and excluding it, the imaginary component in (23)
can be approximated by
a
(i)
m
0,n0

(p,q)

1,1
a
m0+p,n0+q
g)
m0,n0
m0+p,n0+q
. (24)
In the presence of a noise , this leads to a CE given by:

H
(c)
m
0,n0
= H
(c)
m
0,n0
+

m0,n0
(a
m0,n0
+ja
(i)
m
0,n0
)
. (25)
The preamble sequence a
m0,n0
with n
0
= 0, ..., 2 and m
0
=
0, ..., M1, naturally known by the receiver, corresponds to 3
real OQAM symbols. Its power is adjusted in order to permit a
fair comparison with a CP-OFDM preamble corresponding to
2 complex symbols. In [6], it is shown that with the choice of
a deterministic preamble, corresponding to the variant named
IAM2, we had the best results.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
We have compared two PLC transmission schemes in a
setup, with FFT size 3072, QPSK modulation and symbol
duration 40.96 s and for DMT a CP length equal to 417
samples. These parameters are derived from HomePlugAV
specication [7]. These 2 MCM schemes yield real-valued
transmit signals, one is OFDM/DMT with CP and the other
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008 proceedings.
655
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
Eb/No (dB)
B
E
R


DMT Class 2
HSOQAMTFL Class 2
DMT Class 3
HSOQAMTFL Class 3
DMT Class 4
HSOQAMTFL Class 4
Fig. 3. Performance comparison for channel classes 2 4.
one is HS-OQAM. For HS-OQAM the prototype lter is the
one, optimized for the Time Frequency Localization (TFL)
criterion, used in [6]. Its length is L = 3072 taps (T
0
). We
tested 8 classes of PLC channel models among the 9 classes
of models classied in [8] according to the different types of
PLC indoor environment they represent.
The results of our comparison, reported in Figs. 3,4, show
that for most of the channel congurations we have tested
HS-OQAM outperforms DMT. E.g. the gain in E
b
/N
0
at a Bit
Error Rate (BER) of 10
3
is above 1.5 dB for classes 2, 8 and
9. It is due, rstly, to the fact that HS-OQAM has no CP, which
provides a gain around 0.55 dB (10 log(
417+3072
3072
) 0.55)
and, secondly, to the IAM2 method that boosts the power
of (a
m0,n0
+ja
(i)
m0,n0
), so that its performance for preamble-
based CE is better than the one of CP-OFDM. Nevertheless,
for certain channel congurations, in general the ones with
large delay spreads, for high E
b
/N
0
the residual interference,
that in our approximation is neglected when outside a 33
neighborhood, may become signicant. This partly explains
the lower quality results obtained for some channel classes.
Improved CE techniques are now being investigated to reen-
force the HS-OQAM performance.
VI. CONCLUSION
We have presented an adaptation of OFDM/OQAM, named
Hermitian Symmetric OQAM (HS-OQAM), that directly pro-
duces a real-valued signal for baseband transmission. We have
illustrated the similarities, PR condition, and differences, linear
phase property of the MFB for HS-OQAM w.r.t. CMFBs, Wil-
son based MFBs and WOFDM modulation. The CE method
proposed for OFDM/OQAM can also be adapted to HS-
OQAM. Its application to PLC leads to gains that can be above
1.5 dB for some classes of indoor channel models.
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
Eb/No (dB)
B
E
R


DMT Class 5
HSOQAMTFL Class 5
DMT Class 6
HSOQAMTFL Class 6
DMT Class 7
HSOQAMTFL Class 7
DMT Class 8
HSOQAMTFL Class 8
DMT Class 9
HSOQAMTFL Class 9
Fig. 4. Performance comparison for channel classes 5 9.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work has been partially supported by the collaborative
project Techim@ges - Cluster Media & Networks - Britany,
France.
REFERENCES
[1] H. Koga, N. Kodama, and T. Konishi, High-speed power line commu-
nication system based on wavelet OFDM, in Proc. ISPLC, 2003.
[2] R. W. Chang, Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multi-
channel data transmission, Bell. Syst. Tech. Journal, vol. 45, Dec. 1966.
[3] B. Le Floch, M. Alard, and C. Berrou, Coded Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplex, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 83, June 1995.
[4] P. Siohan, C. Siclet, and N. Lacaille, Analysis and design of
OFDM/OQAM systems based on lterbank theory, IEEE Transactions
on Signal Processing, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 11701183, May 2002.
[5] P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate systems and lter banks, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New-York, New Jersey, 1993.
[6] C. Ll, P. Siohan, R. Legouable, and J.-P. Javaudin, Preamble-based
channel estimation techniques for OFDM/OQAM over the powerline,
in ISPLC 2007, 2007, pp. 5964.
[7] HomePlug AV White Paper, www.homeplug.org/en/products/whitepapers.asp,
2005.
[8] M. Tlich, A. Zeddam, F. Gauthier, and G. Avril, A broadband Powerline
Channel Generator, in ISPLC07, 2007.
[9] H. Blcskei, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based on
offset QAM, in Advances in Gabor Analysis. Birkhuser, 2003.
[10] T. Karp, P. N. Heller, and T.Q. Nguyen, A general formulation of
modulated lter banks, IEEE Trans. on Signal Process., vol. 47, no. 4,
pp. 9861002, April 1999.
[11] S. D. Sandberg and M. A. Tzannes, Overlapped Discrete Multitone
Modulation for High Speed Copper Wire Communications, IEEE
Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, no. 9, 1995.
[12] N. J. Fliege, Multirate digital signal processing, John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, 1994.
[13] P. Turcza, A New TMUX For xDSL Based On Linear Phase Modulated
Filter Banks, in EUSIPCO 2004, 2004, pp. 19351938.
[14] D. Lacroix-Penther and J-P. Javaudin, A new channel estimation
method for OFDM/OQAM, in Proc. of the 7th International OFDM
workshop, Sept. 2002.
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008 proceedings.
656

You might also like