UNIT 1 : MY FRIENDS (Ban be cua toi)

1.PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (Th hien tai n)

a. FORM (Cau truc) Affirmative form (The khang nh) Subject + verb (s/es) - ong t chia hien tai nguyen mau khong to (infinitive without to) - Neu chu ng ngoi th ba so t (he, she, it), ong t phai c them s hoac es. (Them es sau cac ong t tan cung bang o, -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh.) 1. We live in a small house in the city. (Chung toi song trong mot ngoi nha nho thanh pho.) 2. She watches TV every night. (Co ay xem tivi moi toi.) Negative form (The phu nh) Subject + do/does + not + verb (inf. Without to) Do not -> dont does not -> doesnt 3. They dont often go swimming in the winter. (Ho thng khong i bi vao mua ong.) Interrogative form (The nghi van) Do/Does + subject + verb (inf. Without to)? 4. Does she have any best friends? (Co ay co ban than khong?) b. USAGE (Cach dung) Th hien tai n c dung e dien ta : - Chan ly, s that hien nhien 5. The sun rises in the East. (Mat tri moc hng ong.) 6. Water boils at 100o Celsius. (Nc soi 100oC.) 7. I am a student. (Toi la mot hoc sinh.) - Thoi quen hay hanh ong xay ra thng xuyen hien tai. 8. She gets up early every morning. (Sang nao co ta cung thc day sm.) 9. I often play tennis on Saturday afternoon. (Toi thng chi quan vt vao chieu th Bay.) * Mot so trang t hoac cum trang t thng i kem vi th hien tai n: always (luon luon), usually (thng thng), often (thng, hay), some-times (thnh thoang), occasionally (oi khi), seldom (t khi), rarely (hiem khi), every day/ week/ month (moi ngay / tuan / thang), on Mondays, Tuesdays (vao nhng ngay th Hai, th Ba), once a week (moi tuan mot lan), v.v

2. ATTRIBUTIVE AND PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES (Tnh t thuoc ng va tnh t v ng)

a. Attributive adjectives (Tnh t thuoc ng) Tnh t c dung ngay trc mot danh t e mieu ta danh t o c goi la tnh t thuoc ng. By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

10. The new secretary doesnt like me. (Ngi th ky mi khong thch toi.) 11. He is a rich businessman. (Ong ta la mot thng gia giau co.) b. Predicative adjectives (Tnh t v ng) Tnh t theo sau ong t be, become, get, seem, look, feel c goi la tnh t v ng . 12. The baby is asleep. (a be ang ngu.) 13. He looks afraid. (Anh ta co ve hoang s.) Lu y: Phan ln cac tnh t eu co the ca v tr thuoc ng lan v tr v ng trong cau. 14. He became famous for his fairy tales. (Ong ta a tr nen noi tieng nh nhng cau chuyen co tch cua mnh.) 15. Julia Roberts is an American famous actress. (Julia Roberts la mot n dien vien My noi tieng.)

3. ENOUGH (u e co the)
Subject + be (+not) + adjective + ENOUGH + to-infinitive 16. She is old enough to do what she wants. (Co ta a u ln e co the lam nhng g co ta muon.) 17. Those apples arent ripe enough to eat. (Nhng qua tao o cha chn en mc co the an c.) Enough cung co the c dung nh mot t han nh (determiner) trc mot danh t em c so nhieu hoac mot danh t khong em c. Subject + verb + ENOUGH + noun(s) + to-infinitive 18. Are there enough potatoes to make potato soup? (Co u khoai tay e nau canh khoai tay khong?) 19. I didnt have enough money to buy that car then. (Khi ay toi khong co u tiene mua chiec xe hi o)

UNIT 2 : MAKING ARRANGEMENTS (Thu xep)

1. NEITHER . . . NOR (Khong . . . ma cung khong)
Neither . . . nor c dung e ket noi hai y phu nh 20. My father neither smokes nor drinks (Cha toi khong hut thuoc ma cung khong uong ru) 21. The hotel is neither spacious nor comfortable (Khach san o khong rong rai ma cung chang tien nghi) 22. Neither she nor her husband was at home (Khong co ba ay ma cung khong co chong ba ay nha) oi khi co nhieu hn hai y c ket noi bi neither . . .nor 23. He neither smiled, spoke, nor looked at me

By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

2. BE GOING TO (Se, sap)

(Anh ay chang ci, chang noi, ma cung chang nhn toi)

Subject + be (am/is/are) + going to + verb (inf. Without to) A. Talk about intentions (Dien ta y nh) Be going to c dung e noi ve mot d nh se c thc hien trong tng lai hoac mot quyet nh san co. 24. We are going to spend out holiday in Florida this year (Nam nay chung toi se i ngh Florida) 25. I am going to get a new car (Toi se mua mot chiec o to mi) Lu y: Th hien tai tiep dien (Present progressive tense) cung co the c dung e noi ve d nh (thng la nhng d nh a c sap xep gap mot ngi nao o, sap xep i au o hoac nhng ke hoach a nh, nhat la khi a xac nh thi gian va ni chon) 26. We are going to Mexico next summer (Mua he ti chung toi se i Mexico) 27. I am meeting Tom at the airport at six. (Toi se gap Tom tai phi trng luc 6 gi) B. Make predictions (a ra nhng d oan) Be going to c dung e d oan tng lai da tren tnh trang hien tai, noi rang mot hanh ong hoac mot s viec sap xay ra hoac bat au xay ra. 28. She is going to have another baby in June (Co ay se co them mot a con na vao thang Sau) 29. Look at the sky! Its going to rain (Hay nhn tri ka! Sap ma roi ay) 30. Oh, no! We are going to crash! (O khong! Chung ta se ung xe mat)

3. ADVERBS OF PLACES (Trang t ch ni chon)

Trang t ch ni chon cho biet s viec xay ra au Here ( ay), there ( kia), outside ( ben ngoai), inside ( ben trong), upstairs ( tang tren), downstairs ( tang di), around (quanh), in London( Lonodon), out of the window ( ngoai ca so) . . . Trang t ch ni chon thng ng cuoi menh e. 31. The children are playing upstairs (Bon tre ang chi tren lau) 32. Come and sit here (Hay en ay ngoi) Lu y: Trang t ch ni chon thng dung trc trang t ch thi gian 33. She lived in London in 1989 (Co aya song London vao nam 1989)

UNIT 3 : AT HOME ( nha)

1. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (ai t phan than)
By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

I -> myself chnh toi You -> yourself chnh ban He -> himself chnh anh ay She -> herself chnh ch ay It -> itself chnh no We -> ourselves chnh chung toi You -> yourselves chnh cac ban They -> themselves chnh ho Usage (cach dung) ai t phan than (reflexive pronouns) thng c dung lam tan ng cua ong t khi chu ng va tan ng cung la mot ngi hay mot vat. 34. He bought himself a new car (Anh ay mua cho mnh mot chiec o to mi) 35. I cut myself shaving this morning. (sang nay khi cao rau toi b t mat/t lam t mat) 36. Dont worry. The children can look after themselves. (ng lo. Bon tre co the t cham soc) ai t phan than con c dung lam t nhan manh cho chu ng hoac tan ng, co ngha chnh ngi o/ vat o va khong ai/khong g khac. Trong trng hp nay ai t phan than ng ngay sau t c nhan manh. 37. The manageress herself spoke to me (Chnh ba giam oc a noi chuyen vi toi) 38. The name itself sounds foreign. (Chnh cai ten ay nghe rat la) 39. Ill go and see the president himself (Toi se i gap chnh ngai chu tch) Lu y: Khi nhan manh chu nga, ai t phan than co the ng cuoi cau 40. The manageress spoke to me herself By + ai t phan than = alone (mot mnh) 41. He lives by himself in that large house = He lives alone in that house (Ong ay song mot mnh trong ngoi nha rong ln o)

2. Modal verbs (Cac ong t tnh thai) : MUST, HAVE TO, OUGHT TO
A. MUST (phai, can phai) Affirmative Negative : S + must + verb (inf. Without to) : S + must not/mustnt + verb

Interrogative : Must + S + verb . . .? Must c dung e a ra mot li khuyen hoac mot e ngh c nhan manh 42. You must take more exercise. Join a tennis club (Anh can phai tap the duc nhieu hn. Hay tham gia cau lac bo quan vt) 43. He mustnt see that film. Its for adults only. By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

(Cau ay khong nen xem phim o. Phim o ch danh cho ngi ln) Must c dung e dien ta s bat buoc en t pha ngi noi, bay to cam xuc va c muon cua ngi noi, v du nh ra lenh (cho mnh hoac cho ngi khac) 44. I must stop smoking (Toi phai bo thuoc thoi) 45. You must be here before eight oclock tomorrow (Ngay mai anh phai co mat ay trc 8 gi) B. HAVE TO (phai) Affirmative Negative : S + have to + verb (inf. Without to) : S + dont/doesnt + have to + verb

Interrogative : Do/does + S + have to + verb . . . ? Have to chu yeu c dung e ch s bat buoc en t ben ngoai v du luat phap, noi quy, thoa thuan va lenh cua ngi khac. . . . 46. I have to stop smoking. Doctors orders. (Toi phai bo thuoc, Bac s ra lenh) 47. You have to wear uniform on duty. (Anh phai mac ong phuc khi ang lam nhiem vu) Lu y: - Trong tieng Anh cu angi My, must va have to c dung nh nhau e ch s bat buoc ( have to c dung pho bien hn, nhat la trong van noi) - Have to c dung thay cho must th tng lai (will have to) va qua kh (had to) - the phu nh mustnt va dont/doesnt have to co ngha hoan toan khac nhau. Mustnt (khong c) ch s cam oan. Dont/doesnt have to (khong can phai/khong phai) ch s khong can thiet. C OUGHT TO (nen, phai) Affirmative Negative : S + ought to + verb (inf. Without to) : S + ought not to + verb

Interrogative : Ought + S + to + verb . . . ? Ought to c dung e dien at li khuyen hoac li e ngh 48. You ought to drive more carefully (Ban nen lai xe can than hn) 49. What time ought I to arrive? (Toi nen en luc may gi?) 50. We ought to help them (Chung ta phai/nen giup ho)

3. WHY (Tai sao)- BECAUSE (V, bi v)

Why la trang t nghi van c dung e hoi ly do hoac nguyen nhan Why + auxiliary verb + subject . . . ? 51. Why were you late this morning? (Tai sao ban tre hoc sang nay?) By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

52. Why did she do it by herself? (Tai sao co ay lam ieu o mot mnh?) Because la mot lien t dung e ch ly do, nguyen nhan hoac e tra li cho cau hoi why 53. We didnt go swimming because it was rain (Chung toi a khong i bi bi v tri ma) 54. Why are you nervous? Because Ill have a test next perious. (Sao ban cang thang vay? V tiet sau toi se co bai kiem tra)

UNIT 4: OUR PAST (Thi xa xa cua chung ta)

1. PAST SIMPLE TENSE (Th qua kh n)
A. form (Cau truc) affirmative form (The khang nh) Subject + V-ed/V2 ong t chia qua kh (past tense) + ong t co quy tac (regular verb) : them ED vao dang nguyen the cua ong t + ong t bat quy tac (irregular verb) : ong t cot 2 (V2past tense) trong bang ong t bat quy tac 55. I worked in that factory for five years (Toi a lam viec trong nha may o 5 nam) 56. She went to the movie last night (Toi qua co ay a i xem phim) Negative form (The phu nh) Subject + did + not + vwrb (inf. Without to ) Did not = didnt Interrogative form (The nghi van) Did + subject + verb (inf. Without to)? 57. Did you see him last night? (Toi qua ban co gap anh ta khong?) Usage (Cach dung) : Th qua kh n c dung e dien ta : Hanh ong hoac s viec a xay ra va ket thuc tai mot thi iem xac nh qua kh 58. He went to Paris last month (Thang trc anh ta a i Paris) 59. They left the city two weeks ago. (Ho a ri thanh pho hai ngay trc ay) 60. Pasteur died in 1895 (Pasteur mat nam 1895) Hanh ong 4a dien ra trong mot khoang thi gian nhng a hoan toan ket thuc qua kh 61. I spend all my childhood in Scotland (Toi a tra qua suot thi th au cua mnh Scotland) -> nhng bay gi toi khong con o na 62. He wored in that bank for ten years (Ong ay a lam viec trong ngan hang o c 10 nam) -> Nhng bay gi ong ay khong con lam viec o na. By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Mot so trang t ch thi gian thng i kem vi th qua kh n : yesterday (hom qua), last night/week/month. . . (toi qua / tuan trc / thang trc), ago (trc ay, cach ay) . . .

2. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (Gii t ch thi gian)

IN (trong, vao) c dung trc the ky, nam, thang, mua, va cac buoi trong ngay (ngoai tr at night) In the 20th century ( the ky 20), in 1997 (Vao nam 1997), in June (trong thang Sau), in summer (vao mua he), in the morning (vao buoi sang), in October 2002 (trong thang Mi nam 2002) ON (vao) c dung trc cac ngay trong tuan, ngay thang, va ngay cu the. On Monday (vao th Hai), On May 24th (vao ngay 24 thang Nam), on Christmas day (Vao ngay giang Sinh), on my birthday (Vao sinh nhat cua toi) AT (luc, vao luc) : c dung trc gi (theo ong ho), ban em va nhng dp le At 5 oclock (luc 5 gi), at 7:20 pm (luc 7 gi 20 toi). At night (vao ban em), at Christmas (vao le Giang Sinh) AFTER (sau, sau khi) Shortly after six (Sau 6 gi 1 chut), after lunch (sau ba cm tra), half after seven in the morning (bay gi ri sang) BEFORE (trc, trc khi) Before lunch (trc ba an tra), two days before Christmas (2 ngay trc le Giang Sinh), the day before yesterday (hom kia) BETWEEN (gia hai khoang thi gian, ngay, nam . . .) Between 6 pm and 8 am (khoang t 6 gi toi en 8 gi sang) Between Monday and Friday (khoang t th Hai en th Sau)

3. USED TO (thng, a tng)

Subject + used to + verb (bare-infinitive) Dung e dien ta thoi quen trong qua kh hoac mot ie g o ch ton tai trong qua kh (hien nay khong con na) 63. I used to go fishing when I was a kid (Khi con be, toi thng i cau ca) 64. They used to live in London (Ho a tng song London) 65. That hotel used to be a cinema (Khach san o trc ay la rap chieu phim) Trong cau phu nh va cau hoi, ta dung tr ong t did 66. She didnt use to like opera, but now she like it. (Trc ay co ta khong thch nhac kch, nhng nay co ta thch no) 67. Did you used to go there? (Trc ay anh co thng en o khong?)

By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Lu y: Used to khong co dang hien tai. e noi ve thoi quen hay tnh trang hien tai, ta thng dung th hien tai n (simple present tense)

UNIT 5 : STUDY HABITS (Thoi quen trong hoc tap)

1. ADVERBS OF MANNER (Trang t ch the cach)
Trang t ch the cach (Adverbs of manner) cho biet ieu g o xay ra hoac c thc hien nh the nao. - Trang t ch the cach c thanh lap bang cach them ly vao tnh t Adjective + ly = Adverb Bad -> badly happy -> happily beautiful -> beautifully Soft -> softly quick -> quickly careful -> carefully Mot so trng hp ac biet: Good -> well fast -> fast early -> early Hard -> hard late -> late Trang t ch the cach thng ng cuoi cau 68. They speak English well (Ho noi Tieng Anh hay) 69. She danced beautifully (Co ay mua ep) -

2. MODAL VERB : SHOULD (ong t hnh thai : Should)

-

ong t hnh thai should (nen, phai) c dung e dien at mot li e ngh, li khuyen, s bat buoc hoaac bon phan. Sau should la mot ong t nguyen mau khong to infinitive without to) 70. We should have a party to celebrate his birthday (Chung ta nen to chc tiec mng sinh nhat cua anh ay) 71. You shoulnt say things like that to him (Ban khong nen noi vi anh ay nhng ieu nh the) 72. Visitors should inform the receptionist of their arrival. ( Du khac phai bao cho tiep vien biet viec ho en) Trong cau hoi, should c dung e hoi xin li khuyen hay li ch dan. 73. Should I go and see them? (Toi co nen en gap ho khong?) 74. What should we do now? (Bay gi chung toi nen lam g?)

3. COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH (Cau menh lenh, yeu cau, va li khuyen trong li noi gian tiep)
A. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS IN REPORTED SPEECH:

By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Cau menh lenh, yeu cau trong li noi gian tiep thng c dien at bang ong t nguyen the co to ( to infinitive) hoac tan ng + ong t nguyen mau co to (Object + to infinitive) e oi cau menh lenh, yeu cau t truc tiep sang gian tiep ta lam theo cong thc: Subject + asked/told + Object + (not) + to infinitive - Dung cac ong t m au asked (yeu cau), told (bao), ordered (ra lenh), requested (e ngh). . . - at tan ng (object) ch ngi nhan lenh, ngi c yeu cau ngay sau ong t m au - Them to trc ong t nguyen mau cua cau trc tiep - Thay oi ai t (ai t nhan xng, ai t s hu) sao cho phu hp - Bo dau ngoac kep va t please neu co 75. He said, Can you meet me after class? -> He asked me to meet him after class (Anh ay yeu cau toi gap anh ay sau gi hoc.) 76. Dont leave your room, Tom she said -> She told Tom not to leave his room. (Ba ay bao Tom khong c ra khoi phong) 77. The policeman said, Please show me your driving licence. -> The policeman ordered me to show him my driving licence. (Vien canh sat ra lenh toi cho ong ay xem giay phep lai xe cua toi) B. ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH Khi c tng thuat lai trong li noi gian tiep, ong t tnht hai should trong li khuyen trc tiep thng khong oi. Said/told (+that) + subject + should + bare infinitive 78. You should stop smoking, he said. -> He said/told (that) I should stop smoking. (Anh ta bao toi nen bo thuoc la) 79. You shoulnt drive so fast, John he said -> He said/told (that) John shouldnt drive so fast. (Ong ta bao John khong nen lai xe nhanh nh the.)

UNIT 6 : THE YOUNG PIONEERS CLUB (Hoi thieu nien tien phong)
1. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (TH HIEN TAI N) Review grammar of Unit 1 - Th hien tai n c dung e dien ta mot chan ly, mot s that hien nhien, mot thoi quen hay mot hanh ong xay ra hien tai 80. The Earth moves around the sun (Trai at quay quanh mat tri) 81. We live in the city (Chung toi song thanh pho) 82. My father watches TV everynight (Cha toi xem TV moi toi) - Th hien tai n (mang ngha tng lai) c dung e noi ve thi gian bieu, chng trnh (v du, thi gian bieu cua nhng By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

phng tien giao thong cong cong, cac rap chieu bong) hoac nhng ke hoach c sap xep nh thi gian bieu 83. The train leaves Plymouth at 11:30 and arrives in London at 14:45 (Chuyen xe la se ri Plymouth luc 11: 30 va se en London luc 14:45) 84. I start my new job on Monday (Toi se bat au cong viec mi vao th hai)

2. GERUND (DANH ONG T)

Danh ong t (gerund) la danh t c thanh lap bang cach them ing vao sau ong t (verb + ing) Working, watching, drawing, swimming, smoking. . . Chc nang cua danh ong t: - Chu ng cua cau 85. Smoking is bad for you health (Hut thuoc khong tot cho sc khoe cua ban) - Bo ng cho ong t 86. My hobby is drawing (S thch cua toi la ve) - Tan ng trc tiep cua cac ong t avoid, begin, consider, continue, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, mind, frefer, suggest, stop,. . . . 87. She enjoys teaching (co ay thch day hoc) - Tan ng cua gii t 88. Im sorry for keeping you waiting (Toi xin loi v e ban ch i) 89. She is fond of dancing (Co ay thch khieu vu)

3. MODALS : MAY, CAN, COULD (ong t hnh thai : may, can, could) A. Can, could : making polite requests
Chung ta co the dung can hoac could e yeu cau ngi khac lam ieu g o cho mnh. Could thng lch s va trang trong hn can 90. Can you wait a moment, please? (Ban vui long i toi mot chut nhe) 91. Could you help me carry this bag? (Anh co the mang giup toi cai tui nay khong?)

B. May : offering assistance

Chung ta co the dung may e e ngh giup ngi khac lam viec g. 92. May I help you ? (Toi co the giup g cho ban khong?) 93. May I help you with the washing-up ? (Toi giup ban ra bat nhe)

UNIT 7 : MY NEIGHBORHOOD (Khu pho toi)

1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Th hien tai hoan thanh)
By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

A. form (Cau truc)

Affirmative form (The khang nh) I, you, we, they + have + past participle (ved/v3) He, she, it + has gon : have -> ve has -> s Qua kh phan t (past participle) cua cac ong t co quy tac co dang giong het nh qua kh n : them ed vao ong t nguyen mau Work -> worked; finish -> finished; live -> lived. . . Qua kh phan t (past participle) cua cac ong t bat quy tac la ong t cot 3 (V3-participle) trong bang ong ong t bat quy tac. Go -> gone; give -> given; see -> seen; eat -> eaten. . . . 94. We have lived in this town for ten years (Chung toi a song th tran nay c 10 nam) 95. She has seen that film before (Co ta a xem bo phim o trc ay) Negative form (The phu nh) Subject + have/has + not + past participle Rut gon : have not -> havent has not -> hasnt 96. I havent finished my homework yet (Toi cha lam xong bai tap ve nha) Interogative form (The nghi van) Have/has +subject + past participle? 97. Has the postman come yet? (Ngi a th a en cha?)

Rut -

B. Usage (Cach dung)

Th hien tai hoan thanh c dung e dien ta: Hanh ong va mi xay ra 98. He has just gone out (Anh ta va mi ra ngoai) Hanh ong hoac s viec a xay ra trong qua kh nhng khon gbiet ro thi gian hoac khong e cap ti thi gian 99. They have already seen that film (Ho a xem bo phim o roi) -> Khong ro xem vao luc nao. Hanh ong a bat au trong qua kh va van keo dai en hien tai 100. We have worked in this factory for six years (Chung toi a lam viec trong nha may nay c 6 nam) -> Hien nay van con ang lam viec trong nha may) Mot so trang t va gii t thng i kem vi th hien tai hoan thanh : just (va mi); already (roi); recently/lately (mi ay/gan ay); yet (cha); ever (a tng); never (cha bao gi); since (t khi); for (trong khoang), . . .

2. THE PRESENT PERFECT USED WITH FOR AND SINCE (Th hien tai hoan thanh dung vi for va since)
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Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Chung ta thng dung for va since vi th hien tai hoan thanh e noi ve ieu g o a bat au trong qua kh va keo dai en hien tai. For : c dung trc mot danh t ch khoang thi gian (for + a period of time) e noi s tiep dien bao lau : for six month, for two hours, for a long time, for ages, for many years, . . 101. He has been in the army for two year (Anh ay a trong quan oi c hai nam roi) -> van con trong quan oi Since : c dung trc danht ch moc thi gian (since + a point in time) e noi s viec bat au khi nao : since 2002, since Monday, since April, since six oclock, since last week. 102. We have lived here since 1987 (Chung toi a song o t nam 1987) 3. COMPARISON WITH LIKE; (NOT) THE SAME AS;

DIFFERENT FROM; (NOT) AS . . . AS

like : c dung e dien at s giong nhau. Sau like la mot danh t hoac ai t (like + noun/pronoun) 103. You look like your mother (ban trong giong me ban) 104. He ran like the wind (Anh ta chay nhanh nh gio) The same as : c dung e dien at s ong nhat 105. Her hair isnt the same color as her mothers (Mau toc cua co ta khong giong mau toc cua me co ta) 106. The shirt on the self is the same as the one in the window (Chiec ao s mi tren ke giong het nh chiec ao trong tu knh) Different from : c dung e dien at s khac nhau 107. She is very different form her sister (Co ta rat khac vi ch cua mnh) 108. The new school isnt much different from the old one. (Ngoi trng mi khong khacmay so vi ngoi trng cu) As. . .as : c dung e dien at s ngang bang nhau. Subject + verb + as +adject/adverb + as + noun/pronoun 109. He is as tall as his father (Anh ta cao bang cha anh ta) 110. She speaks French as well as the French (Co ay noi tieng Phap hay nh ngi Phap) Trong cau so sanh phu nh, ta co the dung not as . . .as hoac not so . . .as 111. This flat isnt as/so big as our old one (Can ho nay khong rong bang can ho cu cua chung ta)

4. TOO . . .TO (QUA. . . .KHONG THE)

c dung e ch nguyen nhan a en mot ket qua phu nh By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Subject + be + too + adj (+for + object) + to infinitive 112. She is too tired to walk (Ba ay qua met khong the i bo c) 113. This bag is too heavy for me to carry. (Cai tui nay qua nang toi khong the xach noi)

Unit 8 : COUNTRY LIFE AND CITY LIFE (Cuoc song nong thon va cuoc song thanh th)
1. Present progressive tense (Th hien tai tiep dien)
A. form (Cau truc) Affirmative form: Subject + be(am/is/are) + verb-ing 114. They are playing soccer in the school yard (Ho ang chi bong a trong san trng) Negative form subject + be + not + verb-ing 115. They are not/arent playing soccer in the school yard. (ho khong phai ang chi bong a trong san trng) Interrogative form be + subject + verb-ing? 116. Are they playing soccer in the school yard? (Co phai ho ang chi bong a trong san trng khong?) B. Usage (Cach dung) : Th hien tai tiep dien c dung e dien ta: Hanh ong hoac s viec ang dien ra hien tai (thng ket hp vi cac trang t ch thi gian nh : now, right now, at present, at the moment, this week/month/ . . .) 117. It is raining (Tri ang ma) 118. I am watching TV now. (Bay gi toi ang xep TV) 119. Her parents are living in Washington at present. (Hien nay cha me co ay song London) Hanh ong sap xay ra hoac mot s sap xep a c hoach nh tng lai gan 120. The fight to London is departing at 10:30 am. (Chuyen bay i London se cat canh luc 10 gi 30 sang) 121. What are you doing tonight? Im meeting Nga, and we are going to the movies. (Toi nay ban se lam g?-Toi se gap Nga va chung toi se i xem phim) Tnh trang ang tien trien va thay oi (thng c dung vi hai ong t to get va to become) By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

2.COMPARATIVES AND SUPERATIVES OF ADJECTIVES (Cap so sanh hn va so sanh nhat cua tnh t)

122. The weather is getting colder (Thi tiet ang tr nen lanh hn) 123. The child is becoming bigger everyday (a be ang ln len moi ngay)

a. Comparatives (Cap so sanh hn) Subject + be + short adjective + ER + THAN + noun/pronoun 124. The new buildings are higher than the old ones. (Nhng toa nha mi cao hn nhng toa nha cu.) 125. Jane is prettier than her sister. (Jane xinh hn ch co ay.) Subject + be + MORE + long adjective + THAN +noun/pronoun 126. His car is more expensive than mine. (O to cua anh ay at hn cua toi.) 127. She is more intelligent than I. (Ch ay thong minh hn toi.) b. Superatives (Cap so sanh nhat) Subject + be + THE + short adjective + EST 128. Ho Chi Minh City is the biggest city in Viet Nam. (Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh la thanh pho ln nhat Viet Nam.) 129. John is the cleverest boy of the three boys. (John la cau be thong minh nhat trong ba cau be.) Subject + be + THE MOST + long adjective 130. Miss World is the most beautiful girl in the World. (Hoa hau The gii la co gai ep nhat the gii.) 131. They are the most important problems. (o la nhng van e quan trong nhat.) * Cac trng hp ngoai le good (tot) better (tot hn) best (tot nhat) bad (xau) worse (xau hn) worst (xau nhat) many/ much (nhieu) more (nhieu hn) most (nhieu nhat) little (t) less (t hn) least (t nhat) Lu y: - Short adjective (tnh t ngan) la tnh t co mot am tiet nh cheap, tall, high, long, short, big, small hoac nhng tnh t co hai am tiet nhng tan cung la y er ow nh happy, pretty, clever, narrow - Long adjective (tnh t dai) la tnh t co hai hoac ba am tiet tr len nh useful, famous, beautiful, interesting, intelligent, important

By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

II.GRAMMAR (Ng phap) 1. Present progressive tense (Th hien tai tiep dien)
a. Form (Cau truc) . Affirmative form Subject + be (am/ is/ are) + verb-ing Ex: They are playing soccer in the schoolyard. (Ho ang chi bong a trong san trng.) . Negative form Subject + be + not + verb-ing Ex: They are not/ arent playing soccer in the schoolyard. (Ho khong phai ang chi bong a trong san trng.) . Interrogative form Be + subject + verb-ing? Ex: Are they playing soccer in the schoolyard? (Co phai ho ang chi bong a trong san trng khong?) b. Usage (Cach dung): th hien tai tiep dien c dung e dien ta . Hanh ong hoac s viec ang dien ra hien tai (thng ket hp vi cac trang t ch thi gian: now, right now, at present, at the moment, this week/ month/) Ex: It is raining. (Tri ang ma.) I am watching TV now. (Bay gi toi ang xem tivi.) Her parents are living in Washington at present. (Hien nay cha me co ay ang song Washington.) . Hanh ong sap xay ra hoac mot s sap xep a c hoach nh tng lai gan. Ex: The flight to London is departing at 10.30 am. (Chuyen bay i London se cat canh luc 10 gi 30 sang.) What are you doing tonight? -Im meeting Nga, and we are going to the movies. (Toi nay ban se lam g? -Toi se gap Nga va chung toi se i xem phim.) . Tnh trang ang tien trien va thay oi (thng c dung vi hai ong t to get va to become). Ex: The weather is getting colder. (Thi tiet ang tr nen lanh hn.) The child is becoming bigger every day. (a be ang ln len moi ngay.) 2. Comparatives and superatives of adjectives (Cap so sanh hn va so sanh nhat cua tnh t) a.Comparatives (Cap so sanh hn) Subject + be + short adjective + ER + THAN + noun/ pronoun Ex: The new buildings are higher than the old ones. (Nhng toa nha mi cao hn nhng toa nha cu.) Jane is prettier than her sister. (Jane xinh hn ch co ay.) Subject + be + MORE + long adjective + THAN + noun/ pronoun Ex: His car is more expensive than mine. (O to cua anh ay at hn cua toi.) She is more intelligent than I. (Ch ay thong minh hn toi.) b. Superatives (Cap so sanh nhat) Subject + be + THE + short adjective + EST Ex: Ho Chi Minh City is the biggest city in Viet Nam. By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

(Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh la thanh pho ln nhat Viet Nam.) John is the cleverest boy of the three boys. (John la cau be thong minh nhat trong ba cau be.) Subject + be + THE MOST + long adjective Ex: Miss World is the most beautiful girl in the World. (Hoa hau The gii la co gai ep nhat the gii.) They are the most important problems. (o la nhng van e quan trong nhat.) * Cac trng hp ngoai le good (tot) better (tot hn) best (tot nhat) bad (xau) worse (xau hn) worst (xau nhat) many/ much (nhieu) more (nhieu hn) most (nhieu nhat) little (t) less (t hn) least (t nhat) Lu y: -Short adjective (tnh t ngan) la tnh t co mot am tiet nh cheap, tall, high, long, short, big, small hoac nhng tnh t co hai am tiet nhng tan cung la y er ow nh happy, pretty, clever, narrow - Long adjective (tnh t dai) la tnh t co hai hoac ba am tiet tr len nh useful, famous, beautiful, interesting, intelligent, important

Unit 9 A FIRST AID COURSE (Cach s cu) 1.Phrases of purpose (Cum t ch muc ch) a. e dien ta muc ch khang nh, ta dung mot cum t bat au bang to-infinitive, in order to hoac so as to. - to-infinitive - in order to + verb (bare-inf.) bare-infinitive = infinitive without to - so as to + verb (bare-inf.) He went to France to study French (Anh ta i Phap e hoc Tieng Phap) She arrived early in order to get a good seat. (Ba ta en sm e co c cho ngoi tot) Im studying very hard so as to pass the final exam. (Toi ang hoc tap rat cham ch e vt qua ky thi cuoi cung) B. e dien ta muc ch phu nh, ta dung mot cum t bat au bang in order not to so as not to She got up early in order not to miss the first bus (CO ta a thc day sm e khong b l chuyen xe buyt au tien) I am going to leave now, so as not to be late (e khong b tre toi se i ngay bay gi) 2. Future simple tense (th tng lai n) A. form (C6au truc) By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Affirmative form Subject + will + verb (inf. Without to) Rut gon : will -> ll(Ill, hell, shell, itll, well, theyll) Ill take you home (Toi se a ban ve nha) Negative form (Subject + will + not + verb (inf. Without to) Will not -> wont We wont go to the beach next summer holiday. (Ky ngh he ti chung toi se khong i bien) Interrogative form will + subject + verb (inf. Without to). . .? Tra li : -Yes, S + will - No, S + wont Will the weather be warmer tomorrow? (Ngay mai thi tiet co am hn khong?) - Yes, it will (co) / -No, it wont (khong) B. Usage (Cach dung) Th tng lai n c dung e dien ta mot hanh ong hoac mot s viec se xay ra trong tng lai He will come back soon (Anh ta se tr lai ngay) We will go to the concert tonight (Toi nay chung toi se i xem hoa nhac) Cac trang t va cum trang t ch thi gian thng c dung trong th tng lai n : tonight (toi nay), tomorrow (ngay mai), soon (chang bao lau), someday (ngay nao o), next week/month/year. . . (tuan/thang/nam. . .ti) 3. Modal verbs : will/shall A. ong t tnh thai will co the c dung e a ra li e ngh That bag looks heavy. I will help you with it (Chiec tui o trong co ve nang. Toi se xach giup anh) Dien at s ong y hoac san long lam g o I will take you home, if you want (neu anh muon toi se a anh ve nha) - dien at mot li ha chac chan Ill definitely pay you back next week (Nhat nh tuan ti toi se tra tien cho anh) - a ra li yeu cau, li mi (Will you. . . ?) Will you send me this letter, please? (Anh gi giup toi la th nay nhe?) Will you have some more coffe? (Ban dung them mot t ca phe na nhe?) would you. . . ? c dung e a ra li yeu cay, li mi mot cach lch s Would you pay me in cash, please? (Xin vui long tra cho toi bang tien tien mat.) Would you like a sandwich? (Anh dung mot chiec banh xang-uych nhe?) Wont you. . . ? c dung e a ra li yeu cau khan thiet hoac li mi an can. Wont you have some more coffee? (Anh dung them t ca phe na i) b. Shall c dung chu yeu trong cau hoi vi ai t ngoi th nhat ( I, we) By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Shall I. . .? c dung e a ra li e ngh va shall we. . . ? c dung e gi y Shall I do the washing up? (Toi ra bat a nhe?) -> Li e ngh Shall we go to the park ? (Chung ta i cong vien nhe?) -> gi y Shall con c dung e hoi y kien What shall we have for lunch? (Ba tra chung ta se an g?) Unit 10 : RECYCLING (S tai che) 1. PASSIVE FORMS (The b ong) * Active forms (The chu ong) The chu ong la the trong o chu ng la ngi hay vat thc hien hanh ong They built this house in 1987 (Ho xay can nha nay vao nam 1987) * Passive forms (The b ong) The b ong la the trong o chu ng nhan hoac chu anh hng cua hanh ong This house was built in 1987 (by them) (Cannha nay c xay vao nam 1987) a. Cau truc cua cau b ong Subject + be = past participle + by + object This tree was planted by my grand father S be pp O Cach oi cau chu ong sang cau b ong: Muon oi mot cau chu ong sang cau b ong, ta thc hien nhng bc sau: Active :S Va O Passive Vp by + O (be + pp) - Lay tan ng (object) cua cau chu ong lam chu ng (subject) cua cau b ong. - Xac nh th cua cau chu ong v ong t BE cua cau b ong tng ng vi th cua cau chu ong. oi ong t chu ong (Va) thanh ong t b ong(Vp). - Chu ng cua cau chu ong tr thanh tan ng cua cau b ong va trc no phai co gii t by cong thc tong quat cua ong t trong cau b ong Be + past participle (p.p) Be se c chia theo th cua ong t chnh trong cau chu ong. * Present simple -> am/is/are + p.p Mr Robinson teaches English (Ong Robinson day Tieng Anh) -> English is taught by Mr Robinson (Tieng Anh c day bi ong Robinson) * Future simple -> will + be + p.p We will hold the meeting tonight (Toi nay chung toi se to chc cuoc hop) -> The meeting will be held tonight by us (Toi nay cuoc hop se c to chc bi chung toi) * Modal verbs (can, should, must, . . .) -> can/should/must. . .+ be + p.p By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680 :S

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Lan can answer this math problem (Lan co the giai bai toan nay) -> This math problem can be answered by Lan (Bai toannay co the c giai bi Lan) Lu y: by them, by people, by someone thng c bo. They built this house two years ago -> This house was build two years ago 2. Adjectives followed by an infinitive or a noun clause (Tnh t c theo sau bi mot ong t nguyen mau hoac mot menh e danh t) a. To infinitive ong t nguyen mau (to infinitive) thng c dung - Sau cac tnh t dient a phan ng va cam giac nh : glad, sorry, sad, delighted, pleased, happy, afraid, anxious, surprised, shocked . . . Im very pleased to see you here (Toi rat vui mng c gap anh ay) Hes afraid to stay home alone at night (Anh ay s nha mot mnh vao ban em) Sau mot so tnh t thong dung khac nh : right, wrong, easy, difficult, certain, welcome, careful, important, interesting, lovely, ready, lucky, likely, good, hard, dangerous, safe. . . va sau cac tnh t trong cau truc enough va too English is not difficult to learn (Tieng Anh th khong kho hoc) The apples are ripe enough to pick (Nhng qua tao a u chn e hai) Sau tnh t trong cau truc cau nhan manh vi chu ng gia It It + be + adjective + to infinitive Its difficult to learn Japanese (Hoc tieng Nhat th rat kho) Its nice to talk to you (Noi chuyen vi ban that la thu vu) b. Noun clause (That clause) Menh e danh t (noun clause) thng c dung vi cac tnh t dien ta xuc cam, s lo lang, s tin tng, nh delighted, glad, pleased, relivered, sorry, afraid, anxious, worried, confident, certain. . . Subject + be + adjective + noun clause (that clause) I am delighted that you pass your exam (Toi rat vui v anh a vt qua ky thi) I am afraid that I cant accept this assignment (Toi e rang toi khong the nhan nhiem vu nay) UNIT 11 : TRAVLING AROUND VIETNAM (Du lch khap Viet Nam) 1. The participles (Phan t) Co hai loai phan t : hien tai phan t va qua kh phan t a. Present participle (Hien tai phan t ) :Verb + ing Hien tai phan t (present participle) co the c dung e thay cho menh e quan he khi ong t trong menh e quan he the chu ong (active) The man who is standing over there is my teacher -> The man standing over there is my teacher (Ngi an ong ng kia la thay giao cua toi) Students who attend thic scholl have to wear uniform By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

-> Students attending this school have to wearuniform (Hoc sinh hoc trng nay phai mac ong phuc) b. Past participle (Qua kh phan t ) : Verb + ed/Werb 3 Qua kh phan t (past participle ) co the c dung e thay cho menh e quan he khi ong t trong menh e quan he the b ong (passive) The toys which were made in China are cheap -> The toys made in China are cheap (o chi c san xuat Trung Quoc th re) Most of the people who were invited to the party didnt turn up -> Most of the people invited to the party didnt turn up (Phan ln nhng ngi c mi en d tiec a khong en) 2. Request with Would / Do you mind. . . ? a. would/do you mind + verb-ing. . . ? Cau truc nay thng c dung e yeu cau ngi khac lam viec g mot cach lch s Would/do you mind opening the window? (=Please open the window) (Phien ban m dung ca so / Vui long m dung ca so) Would / do you mind not smoking ? (=please dont smoke) (Xin ng hut thuoc) b. would you mind + if-clause (past tense) ? Do you mind + if-clause (present tense) ? Cau truc nay thng c dung e hoi xin phep mot cach lch s Would you mind if I opened the window? (Ban co phien khong neu toi m ca so?/Toi m caa so co phien ban khong?) Do you mind if I smoke? (Anh co phien khong neu toi hut thuoc?/Toi hut thuoc anh khong phien ch?) Cau tra li No (khong) hoac not at all (khong co chi) c dung e cho phep trong cau truc would/do you mind if . . .? (nhng chung ta thng them vao nhng t khac e lam ro nghahn) Would you mind Iif I used your hand phone? (Ban co phien khong neu toi dung ienthoai cam tay cua ban?) No, please do (Khong, xin c t nhien) Lu y: Hai cau truc a ra li e ngh nay co s khac nhau ve mc o lch s: would you mind co phan lch s hn Do you mind. Tuy nhien, s khac biet nay rat nho nen hai cau truc nay co the c s dung nh nhau trong cac tnh huong giao tiep trqang trong.] Unit 12: A VACATION ABROAD (Mot ky ngh nc ngoai)

REPORTED SPEECH (CAU NOI GIAN TIEP) By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Khi oi mot cau t trc tiep (Direct Speech) sang mot cau gian tiep (Indirect Speech) ta can lu y cac thay oi sau: ong t tng thuat: - Cau phat bieu (Statements) : said -> said (that); said to -> told (that) - Cau yeu cau (Requests or Commands) : said (to) -> told/asked (can c theo y ngha cua cau) (phai them tan ng cho nhng ong t nay) - Khong oi nhng ong t khac nh requested (yeu cau), ordered, commanded (ra lenh), begged (van xin). . . - Cau hoi (Questions) : said (to) -> asked + O, wonder (t hoi), wanted to know (muon biet). Sau wonder, wanted to know khong co tan ng. - Bo dau phay, dau hai cham, cham hoi, cham than, ngoac kep, please (neu co) - T noi - Cau phat bieu : them that vao gia hai menh e (that co the hieu ngam) - Cau yeu cau : them to hoac not to vao trc ong t cua li noi trc tiep - Cau hoi: Neu co t hoi (where, when, why, who, what, which, whose, how) th lap lai - Neu khong co t hoi th them if hoac whether vao trc chu ng cua li noi gian tiep - oi cau trc tiep ve cau xac nh - oi ai t: - Ngoi th 1 : oi theo ngi noi 2: oi theo ngi nghe 3 : khong oi oi th cua ong t : Am/is/are -> was/were Was / were -> had been V1 / Vs/es -> V2 / Ved V2 / Ved -> had + v3 / Ved Dont / doesnt + V -> didnt + V Didnt + V -> hadnt + V3 / Ved Have / has -> had Will / shall -> would Can -> could May -> might Must -> had to Cac Modal Vaerbs khac van gi nguyen : would, could, should, might, ought to, would rather, had better, used to . . . oi trang t ch thi gian va ni chon: Place (Ni chon) This -> that These-> those Here -> there Time (Thi gian) Now -> then Today -> that day By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar

Tonight -> that night Ago -> before Tomorrow -> the next day/the following day Yesterday -> the day before/the previous day Next . . . -> the following . . ./ the next . . . Last. . . -> the . . . before / the previous . . . Ex: She said, I am busy She said (that) she was busy 2. My mother said to me, Open the door, please My mother told to open the door 3. He ordered them Dont leave the room He ordered them not to leave the room 4. She asked me, Do you know Mr. Nam? She asked me if I knew Mr. Nam 5. He said, What did you say? He asked me what she had said NOTES: Khong can oi th cua li noi trong ngoac kep Neu ong t tng thuat th hien tai n He says : I will go swimming He says (that) he will go swimming Neu li noi trc tiep ch mot s that hien nhien She said: The earth goes round the sun She said (that) the earth goes round the sun Khi ta thay ieu ta thuat lai van ung Tom said : New York is bigger than London Tom said (that) New York is bigger than London ong t trong cau noi trc tiep co thi gian xac nh He said : I was born in 1980 He said that he was born in 1980 Cau ieu kien loai 2 va loai 3 He said : If I were you, I wouldnt come here He said if he were me he wouldnt come there. Past Subjunctive (Qua kh gia nh) dung sau : wish, Its time, would rather/sooner -> khong oi th Mary said, I wish I were a boy Mary said that she wished she were a boy.

By: Trng Thanh Phone: 0918.458680

Thien c

English 8
Grammar