You are on page 1of 5

ME2135/ME2135E

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

ME2135/ME2135E FLUID MECHANICS (Semester II : AY2011/2012) Time Allowed : 2 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: 1. This examination paper contains FOUR (4) questions and comprises FIVE (5) printed pages. Answer ALL FOUR (4) questions. All questions carry equal marks. This is a CLOSED-BOOK EXAMINATION with authorized materials: Students are allowed to bring TWO (2) A4 size sheets of notes / formulae written on both sides. Programmable calculators are NOT allowed for this examination.

2. 3. 4.

5.

PAGE 2

ME2135/ME2135E

QUESTION 1 A centrifugal pump of 37 cm diameter is tested using water at 2130 rev/min and the results obtained are tabulated below:

Q (L/s) H (m) Power (kW)

0 103.6 100

56.6 103.6 120

113.3 103.6 153

169.9 100.6 190

226.5 91.4 246

283.2 67.1 246

Determine the: (a) (b) The best efficiency point. The maximum possible discharge in m3/s estimated based on the results tabulated above. The above pump is scaled up to 46 cm diameter operating in water at BEP at 1760 rev/min. The measured NPSH is 4.88 m and the friction loss between the inlet and pump is 6.71 m. Will it be sufficient to avoid cavitation if the pump inlet is placed 2.74 m below the surface of a sea level reservoir? The barometric pressure is 740 mm Hg and the vapour pressure of water at the prevailing temperature is 26 mm Hg. The specific gravity of Hg is 13.55. A 70 cm diameter centrifugal pump which is dynamically similar to the tested pump tabulated above, is delivering water at 1.26 m3/s against a 100m head. Determine the operating speed in rev/min and the required power consumption. Note that the pump is not necessarily running at the design point.

(c)

(d)

Use SI system for your calculations where the pump speed N should be in rad/sec. You may take density of water as 1000 kg/m3 and standard acceleration of gravity g = 9.81 m/s2. (25 marks)

PAGE 3

ME2135/ME2135E

QUESTION 2 Consider the potential flow due to arrangement in Figure 1 below of two point vortices of strength and and a sink of strength Q. All three are located at a distance a from the origin as indicated in Figure 1.

Figure 1

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Find the location of a stagnation point for this flow, for general values of , Q and a. Find the specific location of a stagnation point for = Q = a =1. Find the velocity potential (x,y) for the combined flow for a = 1. Find a general formula describing the velocity field v(x,y) for a = 1. (25 marks)

PAGE 4

ME2135/ME2135E

QUESTION 3 (a) An incompressible, viscous Newtonian fluid is placed between horizontal, infinite, parallel plates as shown in Figure 2. The lower plate moves in the left direction with constant velocity U, as shown. The resulting motion is due to drag by the lower plate and constant pressure gradient dp/dx. By using the Navier-Stokes equations
DV 1 f P 2 V and the Continuity equation .V 0 , Dt derive an expression for the velocity profile in the fluid. Assume laminar flow and neglect body force. Then find the expression for U that results in zero shear stress at the fixed upper plate, and draw the velocity profile under this condition. Use the coordinate system shown in the figure and h is the gap between the plates. (17 marks)

Figure 2

(b)

A viscous liquid is being blade-coated onto a moving surface as shown in Figure 3. The coating blade has a width W in the z-direction (that is, the direction perpendicular to the paper). For the following data: U = 1 m/s, L = 10 mm, W = 100 mm, H1 = 1 mm, H0 = 0.5 mm, liquid dynamic viscosity = 10 Pa.s and liquid density = 1000 kg/m3, estimate: (i) (ii) the vertical force required to hold the blade in place and the liquid film thickness H .

(8 marks)

Figure 3

PAGE 5

ME2135/ME2135E

QUESTION 4 (a) In a wind tunnel experiment to measure the stream-wise velocity component u inside a boundary layer developed on a thin smooth flat plate by traversing across the boundary layer thickness from the plate, the following readings are obtained:
y (mm): 0.5 1.0 7. 87 1.5 11.49 2.0 14.59 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 20.0 5.0 20.0

u (m/s): 4.02

16.90 18.46

19.35 19.76

where y is the distance normal to the plate. Using these data, estimate (i) (ii) (iii) the free-stream velocity U, the boundary layer thickness and the wall shear stress w. For air, take the dynamic viscosity = 1.8 x 10-5 kg/ms.

Then describe how to determine whether the boundary layer is laminar or turbulent. No calculation is required. (9 marks) (b) Air (of density = 1.2 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity = 1.8 x 10-5 kg/ms) flows over a thin smooth flat plate of 2.0 m length and 1.0 m width, held horizontally with its length along the air flow direction. The transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer takes place at Rex,tr = 5 x 105. When the air velocity is 15 m/s, the drag exerted on the plate is D1 and when the air velocity is 7.5 m/s, the drag is D2. Estimate the ratio of D1 to D2. Note: Drag coefficient C D

D D/unit width 2 2 1 1 2 U A 2 U x

For laminar boundary layer: CDl = 1.328 Rex For turbulent boundary layer: CDt = 0.072 Rex All symbols have their usual meaning.

(16 marks)

- END OF PAPER -

You might also like