400KV Protection PDF

400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)

gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in, Mobile:9440336984
BASICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

BUS-1
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1
2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER-CONNECTED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1 1-52 CB
3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB BUS-2

BUS-1 1-52 CB
4. LINE - 1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB. 5. LINE - 2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-2 2-52 CB
3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

BUS-1 1-52 CB
6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB 7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB

BUS-1 1-52 CB
8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED. 9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-2 2-52 CB

BUS-1 1-52 CB
10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 ALONG WITH MAIN BREAKER THE MIDDLE BREAKER OR SAY TIE BREAKER (2-52 CB) MUST TRIP.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-2 2-52 CB

BUS-1 1-52 CB
11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER. 12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLED BY THREE BREAKERS. 13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB 2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-2 2-52 CB

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1
BUS-1 1-52 CB
14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB

BUS-1 1-52 CB
15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

BUS-1 1-52 CB
16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2.
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB BUS-2
LINE-1
LINE-2

1-52 CB
BUS-1
17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs. 18. HALF DIA MEANS 1 FEEDER CONTROLLED BY 2 CBs. (Nothing but Double CB System)
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB BUS-2
LINE-1
LINE-2

1-52 CB
BUS-1
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT/ T&C/400KV SS/ O/O CE/400KV / L&SS/ VS APTRANSCO, HYDERABAD gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in Mobile: 9440336984
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB BUS-2
LINE-1
LINE-2
SUBSTATION DESIGN/LAYOUT
(I-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER5 FEEDER7 FEEDER9 FEEDER11
BUS-1 DIA1
BAY1
DIA2
BAY4
DIA3
BAY7
DIA4
BAY10
DIA5
BAY13
DIA6
BAY16
BAY11
BAY14
BAY12
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER6
FEEDER8
FEEDER10
BAY15
FEEDER12
BAY18
BAY3
BAY6
BAY9
BAY17
BAY2
BAY5
BAY8
(D-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1
BAY2
FEEDER2
FEEDER5
BAY8
FEEDER6
FEEDER9
FEEDER10
BAY14
BAY13
BAY1
BAY7
BAY9
DIA1
DIA3
DIA5
BUS-1
BUS-2
BAY10 BAY12 BAY16 BAY4
BAY15
BAY3
DIA2
DIA4
DIA6
BAY5
BAY11
BAY17
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FEEDER7
FEEDER8
FEEDER11
FEEDER12
BAY18
BAY6
(DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM)
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER1 FEEDER3
BUS-1
BAY2 BAY1 BAY1 BAY3 BAY5 BAY7 BAY5 BAY6
BUS-1 BUS-2
BAY4 BAY6 BAY2 BAY8 BAY4 BAY3 BAY7 BAY8
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM
FEEDER 8 1-52 CB
FEEDER 1 2-52 CB
FEEDER 2
8-52 CB
3-52 CB
FEEDER 7
MESH / RING LAYOUT

4-52 CB
FEEDER 3
7-52 CB
6-52 CB FEEDER 6 FEEDER 5
5-52 CB FEEDER 4
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-1 T/F-2
BUS-1
BUS COUPLER
BAY3 BAY1 BAY2
BAY4
BAY5
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER BAY6
BUS-2
TRANSFER BUS
BAY7
BAY8
FEEDER1 FEEDER2
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 400 & 220 KV SYSTEM
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM)
T/F-1 T/F-2
BAY1
BAY2
BAY4 BUS COUPLER
BAY6
BAY7
BUS-1
BUS-2
BAY3
BAY5
WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL OTHER FEEDERS SHIFTED TO ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR, THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.
FEEDER1
FEEDER2
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM
(SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-1 T/F-2
TRANSFER BUS
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER
BUS-1
BAY1 BAY2 BAY3
BAY4
BAY5
BAY6
BAY7
FEEDER1
FEEDER2
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220 & 132 KV SYSTEM
CT METHODS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
CB LINE CB LINE CB LINE LINE CB LINE LINE CB CB
CB 3 CT METHOD CB 4 CT METHOD CB 5 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD
CB AT/F CB AT/F CB CB CB CB AT/F AT/F AT/F AT/F
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

(3CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

P2
3-52CB
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L
P1
3 3
P2
2-89B 3-89T
LINE 1 T/F-1

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-ACT 2-BCT

P1 P2
3-52CB
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
P2
2-89A 1-89L
P1
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89T
LINE 1 T/F-1

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

P1 P2
3-52CB
3P1
P2 P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
2-89A 1-89L 1L-CT

P2
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89T
P2 P1
3P1
3 3T-CT
LINE 1 T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89
P2
BUS-2 3-89
1A-CT 3 P1
3A-CT
P2
3 3
1-52CB
P2 P1
P1
3-52CB
1B-CT
3B-CT
P2 P1
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
T/F-1 LINE 1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89 BUS-2 3-89
1-52CB
P2 P1
3-52CB
1-CT
3-CT
P2 P1
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
P2
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
3 1L-CT P1
LINE 1
3T-CT
3 P1
P2
T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1 1-89
P2 P1
BUS-2
P2
3-89
3 1-CT
P1
3 3-CT
3-52CB
1-52CB
1-89A 2A-CT
P2
3-89A 2B-CT
P1
2-89A 1-89L
P2
2-52CB
P1
P2
2-89B 3-89T
3 1L-CT P1
LINE 1
3T-CT
3 P1
P2
T/F-1
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS

DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
1-1/2 CB SYSTEM (SIEMENS VATECH)

VD VD GS GS GS GS GS VD GS GS GS VD
CT DS CB
CT DS DS
CT CB
CT DS DS
CT CB
CT DS
CORE WISE APLICATION OF CTs IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD 1 CT 2 CT 3 CT BUSBAR-1 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CORE 1
( PS)
PROTECTION
CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
CORE 2
( PS)
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) SPARE
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR TRANSFORMER METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F SPARE BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION
CORE 3
( 0.5 / 0.2)
CORE 4
(0.5 / 0.2)
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER
CORE 5
( PS)
CORE 6
( PS)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD 1 CT 2 CT 3 CT BUSBAR-1 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CORE 1
( PS)
PROTECTION
CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
CORE 2
( PS)
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR TRANSFORMER SPARE BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION
CORE 3
(0.5 / 0.2)
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR FEEDER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER
CORE 4
( PS)
CORE 5
( PS)
BUSHING CT METERING CORE (0.5 / 0.2)
NORMALLY THIS SYTEM ADOPTS, WHEN ONE SIDE LINE, OTHER SIDE AUTO TRANSFORMER / BUS REACTOR IS PROVIDED IN A DIA OF ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM, IF BUSHING CT METERING CORE IS AVAILABLE, THEN IT IS USED FOR METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F OR BUS REACTOR.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 4CT METHOD 1- CT 2-BCT 2-ACT 3-CT CT SECONDARY CT SECONDARY SPARE SPARE CORE-1 CORE IS CORE IS
(PS)
CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE) CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION
CORE-2
(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION
CORE-4
(PS)
CORE-5
(PS)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS IN 5CT METHOD

1-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS) CORE-3 (0.5/0.2) CORE-4 (PS) CORE-5 (PS)
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
1-LCT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)
2-CT
3-TCT
3-CT
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP PROTECTION (SPARE)
SPARE
TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2) AFTER LBB/BFR (1-52) TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2)
METERING & ENERGY METER MAIN-2 PROTECTION
SPARE
METERING & ENERGY METER BACKUP PROTECTION
SPARE
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN PROTECTION
Paralleling of 2Nos CTs to the Main-1/Main-2/Backup line protection is not required. This gives better transient response. Separate STUB protection can be connected (Nothing BUT TEED Protection).

(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
1A-CT
2B-CT
2A-CT
3A-CT
3B-CT
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
(SPARE)
CORE-3 (0.5/0.2)
SPARE
SPARE

1-CT CORE-1 (PS) CORE-2 (PS) CORE-3 (0.5/0.2) CORE-4 (PS) CORE-5 (PS)
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)
1L-CT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 1&2) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2) METERING & ENERGY METER MAIN-2 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2A-CT
SPARE SPARE
2B-CT
SPARE SPARE
3T-CT
TEED PROT-1 (BAY 2&3) TEED PROT-2 (BAY 2&3) METERING & ENERGY METER BACKUP PROTECTION MAIN PROTECTION
3-CT
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
PROTECTION (SPARE)
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
TEED PROT-2 (BAY 1&2)

AFTER LBB/BFR (1-52)


CT CORES CONEECTION DIAGRAMS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

BUS
3 3 3
2 1-52CB 1
P2
3
1-89 3 1
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT METERING
MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
3 3 3
2 3
BB-EVT / CVT
3 3 3 3 3
P1
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

2 1-CT 5 1-89L CORES 3 4
1-CVT
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 3 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 87L 21M2 VL1 CVT VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1 79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 21M1 VL1
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2 FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED . MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 87L 21M2 VL1 CVT VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1 21M1 VL1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2 FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED . MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 CVT VBB1 79 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF VL1 21M1 VL1
87L
21M2
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2 MAIN-1 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 VBB2 BF MAIN-2 CVT VL2 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)
VBB2 CVT
79 25
BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2
FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 21M1 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
87 TD2 LZ
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 87 TD1 HZ BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2 87 TD2 LZ
CVT VL2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2 FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 21M1 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
87 TD2 LZ
CVT
VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF VBB2 CVT VBB2 VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 79 25 87 TD1 HZ BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2 87 TD2 LZ
CVT VL2 MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2 FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .

87BB1 BUSBARBUSBAR-1 21M1 CVT VBB1 79 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 FEEDER1 / LINE1 BF 87 TD2 LZ 87 TD1 HZ 87L 21M2 VL1 VL1
CVT
VL1
79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25
BF
VL2 / VL1 OR VBB1 VBB2 VBB2 CVT
FEEDER2 / LINE2 79 CVT VL2 25 87 TD2 LZ BF 87 TD1 HZ BUSBARBUSBAR-2 87BB2 FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED . MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE2 (OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE) MAIN-2
COMPARISION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CT METHODS

CT PURPOSE
BUSBAR & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION MAIN-1 MAIN-2 PROTECTION & METERING
3 CT METHOD
1 CT
4 CT METHOD
1 CT
6 CT (S) METHOD
1B CT &
5 CT METHOD
1 CT
6 CT (T1) METHOD
1 CT
6 CT (T2) METHOD
1 CT
ABOVE FOR BUS-1 3 CT 1 - CT & 2 - CT 3 CT 1 CT & 2 B - CT 3B CT 1 A CT & 2 B CT
BELOW FOR BUS-2 3 CT 1 L - CT 3 CT 1 L - CT ABOVE FOR FEEDER-1 BELOW FOR FEEDER-2 3 L - CT 3 L - CT 3 L CT 3 CT 1 L - CT
ABOVE CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-1 BELOW CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-2 3 - CT & 2 CT 3 - CT & 2 A - CT 3 A - CT & 2 A - CT
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION AVAILABLE
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & AT/F STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION IS A NORMALLY INBUILT PROTECTION FOR MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS, IN CASE OF LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS. STUB PROTECTION WORKS WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPEN CONDITION ONLY.
TEED-1 & TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE & AT/F TEED1 IS NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY & TEED-2 IS NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. THESE ARE NOT INBUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS.
BLIND ZONE
A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT (END FAULT) MAY THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER HAS BEEN OPENED. CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE. THIS SITUATION LBB/BFR OPERATES AND TIME TAKEN TO CLEAR FAULT IS ABOUT 300 mSECs. THIS IS BLIND ZONE AREA. MINIMUM CT METHOD. REDUCING THE COST OF CTs TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE. MAIN CB & TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE BLIND ZONE FOR MAIN CB & TIE CB TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE TIE CB BLIND ZONE AREA IS TAKEN CARE
ADVANTAGES
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE MAIN CB, TIE CB & LINE ISOLATOR, DURING SERVICE ONLY, DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE.
WHEN THE FAULT IS TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE MAIN CB, TIE CB & LINE ISOLATOR DURING SERVICE ONLY, TEED PROTECTION IN ADDITION TO DISTANCE SCHEME SHOULD TAKE CARE.
400KV C.T. INFORMATION

PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2 CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
P1 P1 P2
P2
CORES CORE-1 CORE-2
CLASS PS PS
PURPOSE BUSBAR PROTECTION
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS CURRENT RATING : 1A 2000/ 1A 1S1 1S3 1000/ 1A 1S1 1S2 1S2 1S3 2S1 2S2 2S2 2S3 500/ 1A __
1S1 1S2 1S3
CORE-4 CORE-5
PS PS
4S1 4S3 4S1 4S2 MAIN-2 4S1 4S4 4S4 4S2 4S4 4S3 PROTECTION 5S1 5S3 MAIN-1 5S1 5S4 5S4 5S2 PROTECTION
5S1 5S2 5S4 5S3 DEAD TANK DESIGN
EYE BOLT DESIGN
2S1 2S23 2S
CORE-3 0.5 / 0.2
METERING
3S1 3S3 3S1 3S4 3S4 3S2
3S1 3S2 3S4 3S3
1 1 S1 1SS2 3
1 5S S2 5 S3 5 S4 5
4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4
HAIR PIN / U SHAPE DESIGN
BUSBAR CHECKUP 2S1 2S3 PROTECTION
__
U
2S1 2S2 2S3
3 3
5S1 5S2 5S3 5S4 4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4
3 3
U U
3S1 3S2 3S3 3S4
U
3S1 3S2 3S3 3S4
MAIN-1, MAIN-2 PROTECTION & METERING FOR LINE ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
Sr.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
VOLTAGE 11 KV LINES 33 KV LINES 66 KV LINES 132 KV LINES
MAIN- 1 PROTECTION
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )
MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH SET ( 67 + 67N ) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR 220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE 400 KV LINES NUMERICAL + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE 765 KV LINES NUMERICAL + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.
ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT
OTHER END.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE

P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
(4CT METHOD)
IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551 VR11 / E111
CLASS: PS
3 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-CT 4 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-BCT 6 CT METHOD : 1-ACT & 2-BCT
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4
CORE-5
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 1-CVT
IN5 / A571
DISPLAY C E
CT MB
CORE 1 200VA CLASS: 3P
5S2 5S4
P2 P2 P2

(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4
CORE-5
5S4 5S2
IN5 / A571
IA =250.10 A IB =250.10 A IC =250.10 A VAB =400.0 KV VBC =400.0 KV VCA =400.0 KV
VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
1-CVT CORE 1 200VA CLASS: 3P
ESC
ENT
CT MB
ENABLED TRIP
TARGET RESET
IN5 / A571
5S2 5S4
INST TIME COMM SOTF ZONE1 ZONE2 ZONE3 ZONE4
PH-A PH-B PH-C GND 50 51 79 RESET 79 LOCKOUT
IB5 / A551 IY5 / A531 IR5 / A511
P2 P2 P2
SEL
SEL- 421
PROTECTION AUTOMATION CONTROL

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551 VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2
CORE-5
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
IN5 / A571
DISPLAY C E

(4CT METHOD)
50Z
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
RAICA
4S4 4S4 4S4 4S2
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 IN4 / C471
LBB / BFR
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271 1-CVT
DISPLAY C E
CT MB
4S2 4S4
RAICA
LBB / BFR
P2 P2 P2
50ZT

(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271
1-CVT CORE 2 200VA CLASS: 3P
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
4S4 4S2
IN4 / C471
CT MB
IN4 / C471
4S2 4S4
IB4 / C451 IY4 / C431 IR4 / C411
P2 P2 P2
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
1-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
59
50 BF-1 50 BF-2 25-2

1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER 21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION 21N: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION 27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY 67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY 50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY 51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY 59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY 64: EARTH FAULT RELAY 50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB 50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB 79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF MAIN & TIE CB 25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY FOR MAIN & TIE CB
79-1 79-2 25-1
21P 50P 51P 67P 27 21N 50N 51N 67N
3 LINE CVT
LINE
BUS-1 PT
BUS-2 PT

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451 VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2
CORE-4
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
4S4 4S2
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY C E
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR3 / D311 IY3 / D331 IB3 / D351
CLASS: 0.5
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: 0.5
3 3 3
CORE-3
3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S2 3S2 3S2 3S2 3S4 3S4
CORE-3
3S4 3S2
IN3 / D371
CT MB
VR31 / E311 VY31 / E331 VB31 / E351 VN31 / E371 1-CVT CORE 3 100VA
3S2 3S4
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB IR3 / D311 IY3 / D331 IB3 / D351
CLASS: 0.5/0.2 IN3 / D371
3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S2 3S2
CORE-3
3S4 3S2
VR31 / E311 VY31 / E331 VB31 / E351 VN31 / E371 1-CVT CORE 3 100VA CLASS: 0.5/0.2
LBB & BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION

LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT BREAKER. IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACKUP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT. THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS. REMOTE BACK-UP. LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK-UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE SUBSTATION.
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO CATAGORIES. RELAY BACK-UP BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK-UP
z
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL ) OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}). IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS. TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION. BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM. IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE FORE BE TRIPPED.
BREAKER BACK-UP
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN PROTECTION OPERATED YES TRIP MAIN BREAKER FAULT CLEARED YES RESET BREAKER FAILURE SCHEME
RETRIP
NO
YES
INITIATE BFR
WAIT FOR FAULT CLEARENCE
AND
TRIP BACK-UP/ Adjacent BREAKERS
The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/two-stage. When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails. When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first stage is not successful.
LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL CLEARING TIME
NORMAL CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY BREAKER INTURUPTING TIME RESETTING TIME OF THE CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
MARGIN
~30ms
~60ms
<12ms
TRIPPING RELAY TIME BACK-UP BREAKER INTERUPTING TIME MARGIN
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT
INOPERATIVE BREAKER
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS PHASE L1 PHASE L2/E PHASE L3
A/D CONVERTER PHASE CURRENT SET POINT
~
|||
I > ISET I > ISET

EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
& &
LED (PHASE START) ALARM RELAY (PHASE START)
>1
ALARM RELAY (EARTH START) LED (EARTH START)
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY BINARY INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT STAGE
TIME STAGE T1
TRIP T1 RELAY
&
0
TIME STAGE T2 SWITCHED OFF TIME STAGE T2
LED
&
>1 O&
ALARM T1 RELAY TRIP T2 RELAY
LED LED
CB FAILURE INITIATE
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB AT/F-1 BUS-2
LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY. 1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER. THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY. THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B) OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP. IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED. THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE. AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION. NEW CONCEPT: Normally the CT connections for LBB/BFR relay is in series with Main-2 Protection. In case of Numerical Distributed LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar System, the CT connections for Bus-Bar are terminated at LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar is interconnected by Fiber-Optic
50Z
50ZT
50Z
1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB REL521 MAIN-1 86-A 86-A 2-52CB TC-2 TC-1 86-B
ABB REL316 MAIN-2
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-1 ISOLATED
50Z
86-B
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1 TC-2
3-52CB BUS-2

ABB REL521 MAIN-1 ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A
ABB REL316 MAIN-2

50ZT
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF LINE CB(1-52CB)
ABB RET316 MAIN-2

INTER TRIP TO LVCB & TBCCB
86-B
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1
2-52CB TC-2
3-52CB BUS-2

ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A 86-A 86-B
50Z
INTER TRIP TO LV CB & TBC CB BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-2 ISOLATED
ABB RET316 MAIN-2
1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1
2-52CB TC-2 TC-2
86-B
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
3-52CB TC-1 BUS-2
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION

NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING. THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF GENERATOR AND WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A
GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS

1. 2. 3. 4. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION MODERATE-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION LOW-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NUMERICAL BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION

THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE. IT IS SENSTIVE, STABLE & FAST PROTECTION. HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICE PROTECTION, DEMANDING MAINTANENCE etc PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS APPLICATIONS. A MEASURING CIRCUIT COMPRISES A HIGH-IMPEDENCE STABILIZING RESISTOR CONNECTED ACROSS THE CIRCULATING CURRENT ARRANGEMENT OF ALL THE CTs IN PARALLEL. THE VALUE OF THE STABILIZING RESISTOR IS CHOOSEN SUCH THAT THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE RELAY CIRCUIT IS INSUFFICIENT TO OPERATE THE FAULTS OUTSIDE THE PROTECTED ZONE.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs. Class X for all CT Cores. NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES. Separate CT Cores for BUSBAR and CHECK ZONE Protection. IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE. AUX CTs RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE. IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT. SLOW RESPONSE. Advantage of Numerical Protection Technology (e.g. Fault recording, Communication etc) not available. BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20ms. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
MEDIUM IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

MANY OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION CAN BE OVERCOME USING MODERATE MEDIUM IMPEDENCE PROTECTION (OR STABILIZED HIGH-IMP SCHEME), WHICH IS A COMBINATION OF THE NORMAL HIGH-IMP AND STABILIZED DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY) IS MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS (WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING SWITCHED BETWEEN SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs, LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
EXTERNAL FAULT
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I5 I3 I1
INTERNAL FAULT
IF
I2
I4
I6
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBC
96 BBC : BUSBAR CHECK TRIPPING RELAY
87BBM
U U
U U
U U U U U U
U U
U U U U U U U U U U U U
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL
- VE
A varistor is normally applied across the relay input terminals to limit the voltage to a value safely below the insulation voltage of the secondary circuits
96 BBM : BUSBAR MAIN TRIPPING RELAY
+ VE
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
Is
OPERATING COIL
OVER CURRENT COIL
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL
LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION
96 BUS BAR TRIPPING RELAY
OVER CURRENT STARTER RELAYS
U U
RESTRAINT COIL
Id
+VE
-VE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

DETAILS
PRINCIPLE CTs BURDEN CT SATURATION UTILISATION OPERATING TIME STABILITY PERFORMANCE ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS IS CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE.
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE BUS BAR PROTECTION

IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS IS PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS RATIO. LOW IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING. Class X for all CT Cores. ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-500V. LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS). RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT. IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SCHEME EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME. OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED INTERNAL FAULTS. DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS ( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS). HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS. BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 mS. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT. DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES TRIPPING WITH IN 5-7 mS. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES. THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO SEPARATE CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY PROVIDED.
BUS BAR MAIN & CHECHUP PROTECTION

(ANY CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-1
3 3 3
1S3 1S3 1S1 1S1 1S1 1S1 1S3 1S3
CORE-1
IN1 / B171
1S3 1S1
REB 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
IB1 / B151 IY1 / B131 IR1 / B111
BUS BAR PROTECTION FOR BUS-1
DISPLAY C E RED 521

ACTIVE START TRIP
CT MB IR1 / B111 IY1 / B131 IB1 / B151

1S1 1S3
IN1 / B171
DISPLAY C E
P2 P2 P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION FOR BUS-2
3-52 3-CT 1-CT
BUS-2
BUS-1
U U
2-52
U U
1-52
6-52 6-CT 4-CT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
87 BB2 U U
5-52
87 BB1
4-52
U U
9-52 9-CT
U U
8-52
7-CT
U U
7-52
12-52
12-CT
U U
11-52
10-CT
U U
10-52
15-52
BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION

15-CT
BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION

13-52 14-52 13-CT
U U
U U
18-52
18-CT
U U
17-52
16-CT
U U
16-52
21-52
21-CT
U U
20-52
19-CT
U U
19-52
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

1-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 4-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 7-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1010-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1313-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1616-52 CB
1-52 CB PANEL
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK TO BLOCK A/R TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1 DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-2 TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
4-52 CB PANEL
4-52 CB PANEL
REB 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
7-52 CB PANEL
7-52 CB PANEL
DISPLAY
1010-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
10-52CB PANEL
TO START 50 LBB
13-52 CB PANEL
1313-52 CB PANEL
1616-52 CB PANEL
16-52 CB PANEL
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

3-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 3-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 6-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 9-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1212-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1515-52 CB HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY FOR 1818-52 CB
3-52 CB PANEL
6-52 CB PANEL
6-52 CB PANEL
REB 670
ACTIVE START TRIP
9-52 CB PANEL
9-52 CB PANEL
DISPLAY
1212-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
12-52CB PANEL
TO START 50 LBB
15-52 CB PANEL
1515-52 CB PANEL
1818-52 CB PANEL
18-52 CB PANEL
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS (MICOM P740) AREVA
OR
BUS-1
OR
10-52
11-52
BUS-2
OR
OR
12-52
15-52
3-52
6-52
9-52
14-52
2-52
5-52
8-52
13-52
4-52
1-52
7-52
LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB
BUSBAR PROTECTION CENTRAL UNIT BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG REL531
SIEMENS
AREVA
ABB Network Partner AG
REC 316*4
LINE PROTECTION
MAIN -1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C C E E
MAIN -2
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
MAIN -1
MAIN -2
MAIN -1
MAIN -2
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
MAIN 1. 2. 3.
C E
C E
B/U
MAIN
B/U
MAIN
B/U
DESCRIPTION
4.
IN THIS NO SEPARATE CORE IS REQUIRED FOR EITHER BUSBAR PROTECTION OR LBB / BFR. CENTRALISED BUSBAR IS CONNECTED FROM BAY UNIT OR LBB OR BFR THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC. BAY UNIT / BFR / LBB IS CONNECTED FROM MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 OF LINE PROTECTION OR MAIN & BACKUP PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC FOR REDUNDANCY TO BAY UNIT. THE CURRENT DATA IS TRANSFERED TO BAY UNIT TO BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT FROM LINE / TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS FOR NUMIRICAL ALGORITHAM OF LBB & BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT AND IT WILL OPERATE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND DOES NOT OPERATE FOR THROUGH / EXTERNAL FAULTS.
MISCELENEOUS RELAYS & PROTECTIONS ADOPTED FOR LINE IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(STUB, TEED AND AUTO RECLOSURE FUNCTIONS) PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
STUB-1/ STUB-2 PROTECTION

3 3
BUS-1 1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
BUS-2
LINE-1
STUB-1&2 (BAY 1&2) 1-89L REL 521 REL 316
DISTANCE / ATF RELAYS CONVERTED TO STUB/BUS OVER LOAD RELAYS WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS
STUB-3&2 (BAY 3&2) 3-89T RET 521 RET 316
AT/F-1
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs FOR THE DISTANCE PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CTs) (STUB = DEAD END) TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE.
STUB-1 (BAY 1&2 OR BAY 3&2)

OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-A MAIN CB (1-52CB OR 3-52CB) AND 3-PH TRIP GR-A TIE CB (2-52CB) IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-B MAIN CB (1-52CB OR 3-52CB) AND 3-PH TRIP GR-B TIE CB (2-52CB)
STUB-2 (BAY 1&2 OR BAY 3&2)

OPERATES
TEED-1/ TEED-2 PROTECTION

3 3 3
BUS-1 1-52CB TEED-1&2 (BAY 1&2) 2-52CB 3-52CB TEED-1&2 (BAY 2&3) BUS-2
LINE-1 AT/F-1 TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1-52CB & 2-52CB. SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2-52CB & 3-52CB.
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED 3 CTs BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THIS IS CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE. THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH IS ZERO DURING BALANCED CONDITION. HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED AS TEED-1 PROTECTION. T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE RELAY HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING COIL. BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE OPERATING COIL THE RELAY OPERATES. LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED AS TEED-2 PROTECTION.
TEED-1 PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROTECTION
TEED-1 PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD) IR5 IY5 IB5
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2 2-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-1
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 1S3 1S3 1S2 1S2
CORE-5
5S4 5S2
IN5
RADHA
IR5 IY5 IB5 IN5
P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
DISPLAY C E
IT WORKS ON CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE AND IT IS HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED 3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1) & 3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE STARRED AND CONNECTED TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
IN1
1S3 1S2
IB1 IY1 IR1

P1 P1 P1
TEED-2 PROTECTION
RAICA LBB/BFR
P2 P2 P2 1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
CT MB CT MB P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-2
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 2S3 2S3 2S2 2S2
CORE-4
4S4 4S2
RAICA LBB/BFR
RADSB
ACTIVE START TRIP
4S4 4S2
3 3 3
4S2 4S2
4S4
4S4
2-CT
DISPLAY
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
C
2S3 2S2
TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED. 3-CT(CORE-4), 2-CT(CORE-2) & 3-TCT (CORE-2) ARE CONNECTED TO TEED-2 PROTECTION. IT WORKS ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT PRINCIPLE & IT IS PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR OR ABB (BAY 1&2) REL521 STUB-1
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
ABB RADHA TEED-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR OR ABB RET521 STUB-1

(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1
TRIP COIL-1 2-52CB TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
ABB RADSB TEED-2 OR ABB REL316 STUB-2
ABB RADSB TEED-2 OR ABB RET316 STUB-2
86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY 86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY LINE/TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-1 REL 521/ RET 521 & MAIN-2 REL 316/ RET 316 CONVERTED STUB-1 & 2 PROTECTION
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS

FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES 1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized. 2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear before a line is charged again. 3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the line is re-energized. About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being successfully re-energized. ADVANTAGES: A. Decreasing outage time. B. Improving Reliability. C. Improving system stability. D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time. DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing circuit. RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1st and 2nd Auto-Reclosure.
TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES: 1. BASED ON PHASE A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing power can take place during the dead time. B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two systems through other two healthy phases. 2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for EHT System is invariably Single Shot. B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs. B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability. B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip Close operations in quick succession. B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi shot Auto-Reclosing is followed. 3. DEPENDING ON SPEED: A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should be done by taking into account the following factors. I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability. ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker. B. LOW SPEED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly interconnected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM: The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing. Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB AutoReclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB AutoReclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not ready or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker after its own dead time without any supplementary time delay. CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM: 1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME: A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker. B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism. C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time. D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to 1.2 sec. 2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME: This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing mechanisms. 3. CHOICE OF ZONE: This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only autoreclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO-RECLOSURE FOR ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME

TRIP COMMANDS AUTO RECLOSURE COMMANDS
79 (A/R)+ 25(SYNC) RAAAM RASC
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
ABB Network Partner AG ABB Network Partner AG REL531
REL531
REC 316*4
REC 316*4
LINE-1
C E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
LINE-2
C E C E C E
21 MAIN-1 REL 521
21 MAIN-2 REL 316
21 MAIN-1 REL 521
21 MAIN-2 REL 316
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART

INSTANT OF FAULT
OPERATES RESETS PROTECTION
TRANSIENT FAULT
OPERATING TIME
ARC CONTACTS TRIP COIL CONTACTS ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS MAKE FULLY CLOSED ENERGISED
CIRCUIT BREAKER
OPENING TIME ARCING TIME RESETS CLOSING TIME DEAD TIME OPERATES RESETS
OPERATING TIME OPERATES
PROTECTION
PERMANENT FAULT
OPERATING TIME
RECLOSE ON TO FAULT
TRIP COIL CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS ENERGISED MAKE FULLY CLOSED
ARC CONTACTS CONTACTS SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT BREAKER
OPENING TIME
ARCING TIME SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME
CLOSING TIME DEAD TIME
OPERATING TIME RECLOSE INITIATED BY PROTECTION
TRIP COIL ENERGISED
AUTO RECLOSE RELAY

DEAD TIME CLOSING PULSE TIME RECLAIM TIME
RELAY READY TO RESPOND TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS (AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
TIME
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING SCHEMES ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
TYPES OF CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
Permissive trip commands are always monitored by a protection relay. The circuit breaker is tripped when receipt of the command coincides with operation of the protection relay at the receiving end responding to a system fault. The receipt of an incorrect signal must coincide with operation of the receiving end protection for a trip operation to take place. Normally, the risk of a spurious trip is lesser. The intention of these schemes is to speed up tripping for faults occurring within the protected zone.
BLOCKING SCHEME
Blocking commands are initiated by a protection element that detects faults external to the protected zone. Detection of an external fault at the local end of a protected circuit results in a blocking signal being transmitted to the remote end. At the remote end, receipt of the blocking signal prevents the remote end protection operating if it had detected the external fault. Loss of the communications channel is less serious for this scheme than in others as loss of the channel does not result in a failure to trip when required. However, the risk of a spurious trip is higher.

Conventional time-stepped distance protection has One of the main disadvantages is that the instantaneous Zone 1 protection at each end of the protected line cannot be set to cover the whole of the feeder length and is usually set to about 80%. This leaves two 'end zones', each being about 20% of the protected feeder length. Faults in these zones are cleared in Zone 1 time by the protection at one end of the feeder and in Zone 2 time (typically 0.25 to 0.5 seconds) by the protection at the other end of the feeder. This situation cannot be tolerated in some applications, for two main reasons: I). Faults remaining on the feeder for Zone 2 time may cause the system to become unstable. II). Where high-speed auto-reclosing is used, the non-simultaneous opening of the circuit. Breakers at both ends of the faulted section results in no 'dead time' during the autoreclose cycle for the fault to be extinguished and for ionized gases to clear. This results in the possibility that a transient fault will cause permanent lockout of the circuit breakers at each end of the line section. Even where instability does not occur, the increased duration of the disturbance may give rise to power quality problems, and may result in increased plant damage. Unit schemes of protection that compare the conditions at the two ends of the feeder simultaneously positively identify whether the fault is internal or external to the protected section and provide high-speed protection for the whole feeder length. This advantage is balanced by the fact that the unit scheme does not provide the back up protection for adjacent feeders given by a distance scheme. The most desirable scheme is obviously a combination of the best features of both arrangements, that is, instantaneous tripping over the whole feeder length plus back-up protection to adjacent feeders. This can be achieved by interconnecting the distance protection relays at each end of the protected feeder by a communications channel. The purpose of the communications channel is to transmit information about the system conditions from one end of the protected line to the other, including requests to initiate or prevent tripping of the remote circuit breaker. The former arrangement is generally known as a 'transfer tripping scheme' while the latter is generally known as a 'blocking scheme'. However, the terminology of the various schemes varies widely, according to local custom and practice.

1. ZONE 1 EXTENSION SCHEME (Z1X SCHEME) 2. TRANSFER TRIPPING SCHEMES I. DIRECT UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (DUTT) II. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (PUTT) III. PUTT FWD SCHEME IV. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH ACCELERATED SCHEME V. PERMISSIVE OVER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (POTT) VI. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS. 3. BLOCKING OVER REACHING SCHEMES I. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 2.
OR DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION BLOCKING SCHEME
II. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 1. III. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS. 4. DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON UNBLOCKING SCHEME
PROPERTIES OF COMMAND PROTECTION SYSTEMS

OPERATING MODE PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH (PUTT) PERMISSIVE OVER REACH (POTT) DIRECT TRIP ACCELERA TED UNDER REACH BLOCKING OVER REACH UNDER REACHING SENDING ZONE-1 OVER REACHING SENDING - - PERMISSIVE CRITERIA RECEIVING
UNDER IMPEDENCE UNDER VOLTAGE OVER CURRENT DISTANE & DIRECTION
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECURE & FAST
- - -
ZONE-2
SECURE & FAST DISTANCE & DIRECTION ZONE-2 DISTANCE & DIRECTION SECURE & DEPENDABLE SECURE & FAST FAST & DEPENDABLE
ZONE-1 ZONE-1
- - - - -
- - -
REVERSE LOCKING
PREFFERED APPLICATIONS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
PUTT
POTT
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING
Signal Transmission System
Dependable and secure communication channel 1. Power line carrier with frequency shift modulation. HF signal coupled to 2 phases of the protected line, or even better, to a parallel circuit to avoid transmission of the HF signal through the fault location. 2. Microwave radio, especially digital(PCM) 3. Fibre -optic cables
Characteristic Best suited for longer lines - where Of line the Under-reach zone provides sufficient resistance coverage.
1. Excellent coverage On short lines in the Presence of fault resistance. 2. Suitable for the Protection of multiterminal lines with intermediate infeed.
Reliable communication channel (only required during external faults) 1. Power line carrier With amplitude Modulation (ON/OFF). The same frequency may be used on all terminals) All line types Preferred practice in the USA.
Dedicated channel With continuous signal Transfer 1. Power line carrier With frequency shift keying. Continuous Signal transmission must be permitted.
Same as POTT
COMPARISION OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

On normal two-terminal lines the main deciding factors in the choice of the type of scheme, apart from the reliability of the signalling channel, operating speed and the method of operation of the system. Table compares the important characteristics of the various types of scheme.
Criterion
Speed of operation Suitable for auto Re Close Current reversal Loss of communications Weak In feed/Open CB
Transfer Tripping Scheme

Fast Yes Special features required Poor Special features required
Blocking scheme
Not as Fast As fast Yes Special features required good Special features required
Speed with in-service testing Slower Security against mal-operation due to:
Modern digital or numerical distance relays are provided with a choice of several schemes in the same relay. Thus scheme selection is now largely independent of relay selection, and the user is assured that a relay is available with all the required features to cope with changing system conditions.
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES PARAMETERS PUTT POTT BLOCKING UNBLOCKING
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple technique 2. No coordination Of zones and times With the opposite End required. 3.The combination Of different relay Types therefore presents no Problems.
1. Overlapping of the zone 1 reaches must be ensured. On parallel lines, teed feeders and tapped lines, the influence of zero sequence coupling and intermediate In feeds must be carefully considered to make sure a minimum overlapping of the zone 1 reach is always present. 2. Not suitable for weak In feed terminals
1. Can be applied without Under reaching zone1 stage (e.g. overcompensated Series compensated lines). 2. Can be applied on Extremely short lines (impedance less than minimum relay setting) 3. Better for parallel lines as mutual coupling is not critical for the overreach zone 4. Weak in feed terminals are no problem. (Echo and Weak In feed logic is included)
Same as POTT
Same as POTT but: 1. If no signal is Received (no block and no unblock) then tripping by the overreach zone is released after 20 ms
DRAWBACKS
1. Zone reach and signal timing coordination with the Remote end is necessary (current reversal).
Same as POTT Same as 1. Slow tripping all POTT Tele-protection trips must be delayed to wait for the eventual blocking signal. 2. Continuous channel Monitoring is not Possible.
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
PUTT
Not Suitable as the Zone1 Operation is essential and Zone1 setting in X and R direction must be small on Short Lines.
POTT
Suitable as the Z1B setting may be substantially larger than the Line impedance so that signal Transmission is secure for all faults on the Line. Suitable as the Strong end detects all the Line Faults with the OverReaching Z1B. The Weak In-feed end then echos the received Signal.
BLOCKING
Suitable as Reverse Reach Setting is independent of Line Length.
UNBLOCKING
Suitable Same as POTT.
Short Line
Weak Infeed
Amplitude Modulated Power Line Carrier Frequency or Phase Modulated Power Line Carrier
Communication
Not Suitable as the Zone1 Operation is essential at Both Ends for 100% Coverage.
Not Suitable as the Signal must be Transmitted through the Fault Location which Attenuates the Signal.
Partially Suitable Suitable Same as as the Reverse Fault POTT. is also Detected at the Weak In-feed end but no trip at Weak In-feed end.
Not Suitable same as PUTT.
Suitable as the Signal is only sent when the Line is not Faulted. Suitable as the Signal can be Transmitted under all Conditions. Suitable.
Not Suitable Same as PUTT.
Suitable as the Signal can be Transmitted through the Fault Location. Suitable.
Suitable same as PUTT.
Suitable Same as PUTT.
independent of Power Line
Suitable.
Suitable.
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL

15
ALARM-1 250V DC
NSD 50/ NSD 70

ACTIVE START TRIP
C S
2+ 5C R
TX TRIP A(C)
1C S
2+ 5C R
TX TRIP C(A)
6+
RX TRIP A(C)
6+
RX TRIP C(A)
DISPLAY C
7
ALARM-2 250V DC
C S
910+ 10 1314+
TX TRIP B(D)
9C S
10+ 13C R
TX TRIP D(B)
E
G4AA TB: V9LB
C R
RX TRIP B(D)
14+
RX TRIP D(B)
G4AC TB: V9LC
GA4D TB:V9LC
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE

FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED. FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED. SO, ONE LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS. CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS. THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED. ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD. ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD. IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS. ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD. IN PROTECTION COUPLER-2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO PROTECTION COUPLER-1 PANEL. THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU. 1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC) 1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER PANEL(G4AC). 1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1( G4AD). 1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD). THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2. G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1 G4AC V9LC 6 G4AC V9LC 5 G4AC V9LC 2
IN OUT CARRIER RECEIVE
ABB
REL521
CR -VE
CS
CARRIER SEND
ABB
G4AA V9LB 5 G4AA V9LB 6

PANEL-1
ALARM
+VE
-VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10 G4AC V9LC 13 G4AC V9LC 14 G4AC V9LC 9 THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
ABB
PANEL-2
MAIN-2 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1 G4AC V9LC 6 G4AC V9LC 5 G4AC V9LC 2
IN OUT CARRIER RECEIVE
ABB
REL316
CR -VE
CS
CARRIER SEND
ABB
G4AA V9LB 5 G4AA V9LB 6

PANEL-2
ALARM
+VE
-VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10 G4AC V9LC 13 G4AC V9LC 14 G4AC V9LC 9 THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
ABB
PANEL-1
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-1

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2) 96 BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-1) CONTROL PANEL T NC
PANEL-1
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T NC
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
TIE CB(2-52CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA 59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 59L2 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION 87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION 50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
G4AD V9LC 2 G4AD V9LC 1
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
DC VE FROM PANEL CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED. 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED. 9. 87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL- 2

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2) 96 BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL 87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-1) CONTROL PANEL T NC
PANEL-2
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T NC
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
TIE CB(2-52CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA 59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 59L2 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION 87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION 50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
DC VE FROM PANEL CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED. 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED. 9. 87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL-1&2

PANEL-1
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE G4AD V9LC 6 G4AD V9LC 5 PANEL-2
DIRECT TRIP-1 CARRIER RECEIVE RELAY
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB(152CB) TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB(252CB)
+VE
-VE TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB(152CB) TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB(252CB)
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE G4AD V9LC 6 G4AD V9LC 5
DIRECT TRIP-2 CARRIER RECEIVE RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION)

ABB Network Partner AG REL531 ABB Network Partner AG REL531
REL 521 MAIN-1 PROTECTION

C C E E
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION NSD 50 PANEL PLCC PANEL NSD 50 PANEL ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
NSD 50 PANEL PLCC PANEL NSD 50 PANEL
ELECTRICAL POWER LINE
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION)


C C E E
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION NSD 70 PANEL

GECOD/ SIFOX GECOD/ SIFOX
NSD 70 PANEL TUNOS TUNOS FOX-U FOX-515 FOX-U FOX-515
NSD 70 PANEL
NSD 70 PANEL
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM (TELEPROTECTION) DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC

C C E E
OTERM
TUNOS
REC 316*4
TUNOS
REC 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OTERM
C E
FOX-U FOX-515
FOX-U FOX-515
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

1. PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT: A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED CIRCUITS. B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION) C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE. DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS. B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE DEVICE. C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD PROTECTION. D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH PRESURES. TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE. SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS. IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING. IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
2.
3.
4.RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

AT/Fs are used to couple EHV Power Networks, If the Ratio of their Voltages is Moderate. An Alternative to Differential Protection that can be applied to AT/Fs. A Circulating Current System is arranged between Equal Ratio Current Transformers in the Two Groups of Line Connections and the Neutral End Connections. The Line Current Transformers can be connected in Parallel to A Single Element Relay, Thus providing a Scheme Responsive to Earth Faults Only. If Current Transformers are fitted in Each Phase at the Neutral End of the Windings and a Three-Element Relay is used, A Differential System can be provided, giving Full Protection against Phase and Earth Faults. This Provides High-speed Sensitive Protection. It is Unaffected by Ratio Changes on the Transformer due to Tap-changing and is immune to the Effects of Magnetizing In Rush Current. It does not respond to Interturn Faults. In Addition, This Scheme does not respond to any Fault in a Tertiary Winding. Unloaded Delta-connected Tertiary Windings are often not Protected.
5. BACK UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE) B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T). C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
6.OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS

A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >). B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME). FOR 400KV/220KV & 765/400KV TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER FLUX RELAYS ARE PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID. C. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT RELAY (51N).
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN 400KV / 220KV CAPACITY OF TRANSFORMER HV VOLTAGE HV CURRENT LV VOLTAGE LV CURRENT
315 MVA 500 MVA 630 MVA
400 KV 400 KV 400 KV
454.68 A 721.71 A 909.35 A
220 KV 220 KV 220 KV
0826.68 A 1312.20 A 1653.37 A
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
S.No
CAPACITY 7.5 MVA 16 MVA 25 MVA 31.5 MVA 16 MVA 31.5 MVA 50 MVA 80 MVA 31.5 MVA 50 MVA 100 MVA 160 MVA 315 MVA 500 MVA 630 MVA 630 MVA 750 MVA 1000MVA 1500MVA
VOLTAGE RATIO
MAIN PROTECTION
BACK UP PROTECTION HV LV
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
BUCHHOLZ, OLTC OSR OIL TEMP WDNG TEMP
SPECIAL PROTECTION
132KV/11KV
3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 DIR OL (HIGHSET) + 1 DIR EL (HIGHSET)
3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 EL 3 OL + 1 DIR EL 3 DIR OL (HIGHSET) + 1 DIR EL (HIGHSET)
87T DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
2 3 4 5
132KV/33KV 220KV/33KV 220KV/132KV 400KV/220KV
NIL
BUCHHOLZ OVER FLUX OLTC OSR PRV/PRD REF RELAY, OIL TEMP OVER LOAD WDNG TEMP ALARM RELAY
T/F NEUTRAL CURRENT RELAY + HIGH IMPEDENCE DIIFERENTIAL RELAY
765KV/400KV
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-CT 4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT 6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S3
5S3
5S3 5S4
5S4
5S4
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
2-ACT
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S3 5S3
CORE-5
5S4 5S3
RET 521/ RET 316 RADSB

ACTIVE START TRIP
AUX.CT Y/ 0.689 / 0.577A
5S1 5S3
3 3 3
5S3 5S3
5S1
5S1
P2 P2 P2 LV-CT
DISPLAY
CT MB
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IN CASE OF 1&1/2 CB SYSTEM, THE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CTs ASSOCIATED WITH MAIN & TIE CBs SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO SEPARATE BIAS WINDINGS AND THESE SHOULD NOT BE PARALLED IN ORDER TO AVOID FALSE OPERATION DUE TO DISSIMILAR CT TRANSIENT RESPONSE.
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(5 CT METHOD)
CT MB
P2 P2 P2 3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/ 0.91 / 0.577A
RET 521/ RET 316 RADSB

ACTIVE START TRIP
AUX.CT Y/ 0.689 / 0.577A
5S1 5S3
3 3 3
5S3 5S3
5S1
5S1
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S3 5S3
CORE-5
5S4 5S3
P2 P2 P2 LV-CT
DISPLAY C
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA. FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA. CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS. IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR. THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR & SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A. AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE 0.577A. THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A. BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000-1000-500/1A NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A. SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A. THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A. BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200-800/1A. NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT WILL BE 0.689A. SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A. SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-CT 4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT 6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
2-ACT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S3 4S3 4S3 4S3 4S4 4S4
CORE-4
4S4 4S3
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 RAICA IB4 / C451 LBB / BFR IN4 / C471 50Z
VR11 / E111
RAPDK DIR O/L & E/F REL 505

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
DISPLAY
CT MB
CVT SELECTION BUS-1 CVT / BUS-2 CVT / LINE CVT CORE-1

VA : 200
C
4S3 4S4
IB4 / C451 IY4 / C431 IR4 / C411
CLASS: 3P
P2 P2 P2
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(5 CT METHOD)
VR11 / E111
P2 P2 P2 3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 IB4 / C451

4S4 4S4 4S4 4S3 4S3 4S3

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY C

VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV

P1 P1 P1 LV-CT
CTR: 1200 800 /1A
CT MB
CLASS: PS P2 P2 P2
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S1 4S1
CORE-4
4S2 4S1
IR4 / C411 IY4 / C431 RAICA IB4 / C451 LBB / BFR IN4 / C471 50Z
VR11 / E111

ACTIVE START TRIP
VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172 E174
3 3
VOLTAGE
DISPLAY C
SELECTION BUS-1 PT / BUS-2 PT CORE-1

VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
MISCELLENEOUS RELAYS & PROTECTIONS ADOPTED FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS) PREPARED BY
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY

{FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
VOLTAGE SELECTION BUS-1 PT / BUS-2 PT CORE-1
VA : 200
RATUB V/F RELAY HV
CLASS: 3P

VA : 200
RATUB V/F RELAY LV
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY P2 P2 P2

400KV HV CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 NEUTRAL CORE-1

CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS P2 P2 P2 P1 P1 P1 220KV LV CORE-1

CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2
BUSHING CT
S2
S2
S2 S1
RADHD
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY C
S1
S2
S1
S2
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

P2 P2 P2 400KV HV CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 NEUTRAL CORE-1

CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS P2 P2 P2 P1 P1 P1 220KV LV CORE-1

CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S1 S1 S2 S2
BUSHING CT
S2
S2
S2 S1
RADHA
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY C
S1 S2
S1
S2
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION

BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB BUS-2
LINE1
AT/F-1
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION, WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
BUS-1 CVT BUS-2 CVT LINE CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-1 and 1-52CB & 2-52CB is closed. Then Bus-1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. If AT/F is feeding from Bus-2 and 3-52 CB is closed & 2-52CB is open. Then Bus-2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2-52CB is closed & 1-52 CB & 3-52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR SHUNT REACTOR ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR

1. TYPES OF REACTORS : A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION i. SHUNT REACTOR. ii. SERIES REACTOR. B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION i. BUS REACTOR ii. LINE REACTOR C. BASED ON CONTROL i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE. ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR) (APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK) 2. NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR: A. LINE REACTOR
SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE SHUNT REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE) DURING CHARGING. IN CASE OF ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS FAST, BUT THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE MAY RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER VOLTAGES AND SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR. SIMILARLY FOR OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION. NEUTRAL REACTOR CONNECTED BETWEEN THE STAR POINT OF EHV SHUNT REACTOR AND THE GROUND, LIMITS THE SECONDARY ARC CURRENT TO A LOW VALUE OF AROUND 10 AMPS TYPICALLY FOR 400KV SYSTEM TO ENSURE COMPLETE DE-IONISATION OF ARC PATH WHEN EHV SYSTEM DEVELOPS A SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT. ARC EXTINCTION DURING LINE SINGLEPHASE AUTORECLOSE DEAD TIME IS ASSISTED BY THIS NEUTRAL REACTOR.
3.
4.
B. BUS REACTOR THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE. DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT OF SERVICE. SELECTION OF REACTOR A. LINE REACTOR NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO 250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. B. BUS REACTOR NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION. LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO A. LINE REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR 2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR B. BUS REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR 2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE. DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS. B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD PROTECTION. C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH PRESURES. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR. IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT CURRENT. BACK-UP PROTECTION A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE) B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R). C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>). RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1
IL INTER LOCK FACILITY: WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND 1-89L OPENS ONLY PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
BUS-2 3-89
1-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 1-89R

P2
3-52CB
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
LINE SHUNT REACTOR
P1 3
P2
1-RCT
.
IL
2-ACT
2-BCT
P1
P2
2-89A
P1
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89R
U U U
1-89L
1-PH NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR
U U U
LINE 1
U U U U
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1
IL INTER LOCK FACILITY: WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND 1-89L OPENS ONLY PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
BUS-2 3-89
1-89
1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A

P2
3-52CB
3P1
P2 P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
1-89R 1-RCT P1 3
P2 IL
.
2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L
P2
2-CT
P1
P2
LINE SHUNT REACTOR
2-89B
P2 P1
U U U
3-89R
U U U
1-LCT
3P1
LINE 1
U U U U
3 3-RCT
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
MAIN-1 PROTECTION, MAIN-2 PROTECTION, METERING, BUSBAR & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION
3,4,6S - CT METHOD LINE PROTECTION

IN THIS REACTOR CT CURRENT IS OPPOSES THE MAIN&TIE CT CURRENT. VECTOR SUM OF CTs i.e. MAIN, TIE & REACTOR IS LINE CURRENT.
5,6T1,6T2 - CT METHOD
AS USUAL IN 5CT METHOD, 6CT(T1) METHOD, 6CT(T2) METHOD
3CT METHOD, 4CT METHOD, 6CT(S) METHOD
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R ) (DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION)
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 1-RCT CORE-1 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & 1-PH NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF). REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR METERING HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 1-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & I-PH NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF). REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR METERING
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R) ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64 R )
METERING
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
MAIN PROTECTION (87 R) (DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION)
4 CT METHOD
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. 3-CT CORE-5 & 2-ACT CORE-5 SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
5 CT METHOD
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1& NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RLY. 3-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R ) ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION ( 64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR CVT SELECTION
STUB PROTECTION TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION : 3-CT, 2A-CT & REACTOR HV CT LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE CVT WILL BE SELECTED. TEED-1 : 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT TEED-2: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT TEED-1: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT TEED-2: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT BUS SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS

CORES LINE SHUNT REACTOR
4 CT METHOD
CORE-1(PS) CORE-2(PS)
CORE-3*(PS)
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
BUS SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION TEED PROTECTION
5 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1
(0.2/0.5)
METERING
METERING
METERING
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
METERING
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
CORE-2(PS) CORE-3(PS)
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.1(PS) SPARE SPARE
*NOTE: NORMALLY CORE-3 OF HV

BUSHING CT IS USED FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION EITHER CORE-3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR ONE OF THE PROTECTION CORE OF EXTERNAL CT MAY BE UTILISED.
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1.2 (PS)
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

P1
200/ 1A HV BUSHING (400KV SIDE) CTs
P2
LINESHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A NEUTRAL BUSHING (STAR PONT SIDE) CTs
P1
200/ 1A
P2
200/ 1A
P2
. CORE 1.2 .
P1
. . CORE 1.1 .
P2 P1
3 3 3
CORES 3 2 1
3 3 3
. .
(4CT METHOD)
1-RCT
CORES 3 2 1
CORES 4 3 2
CORECORE-1: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-2: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-3: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-4: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-5: 20002000-10001000-500/1
. .
1-89R
3 3 3 3 3
METERING
1-CT 2B2B-CT LINE 1-CT 2B2B-CT LINE 2B2B-CT
LINE
U U U
. . . .
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
1-CT
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION

SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2/ LINE CVT VOLTAGE
REACTOR METERING
U U U

P1
200/ 1A HV BUSHING (400KV SIDE) CTs
P2
LINESHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A NEUTRAL BUSHING (STAR PONT SIDE) CTs
P1
200/ 1A
P2
200/ 1A
P2
. CORE 1.2 .
P1
. . CORE 1.1 .
P2 P1
3 3 3
CORES 3 2 1
3 3 3
. .
(5CT METHOD)
1-RCT
CORES 3 2 1
.
P1
CORES 4 3 2
CORECORE-1: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-2: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-3: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-4: 20002000-10001000-500/1 CORECORE-5: 20002000-10001000-500/1
P2 1-LCT CORECORE-1
1-89R
3 3 3 3 3
. .
U U U
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-1

1-CT CORECORE-5 2-CT CORECORE-5 1-CT CORECORE-4
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-2 REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
2-CT CORECORE-4 1-LCT CORECORE-2
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2/ LINE CVT VOLTAGE
U U U
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR METERING
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

3-89
3-52CB
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2 CVT VOLTAGE P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

(4CT METHOD)
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

REACTOR METERING
2-52CB
.
2-89B
3 3 3
5 4 3 CORES 3-89A 3-89R
P2
4 3 2 CORES 2A-CT
P1
.
P2
.
P1
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs 200/ 1A (STAR PONT SIDE)
3 2 1 CORES
P1
P2 3
BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A
.U U U
2 1 CORES
HV BUSHING CTs (400KV SIDE)
3 3
3-CT
P1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
SELECTED BUSBUS-1/ BUSBUS-2 CVT VOLTAGE
(5CT METHOD)
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 1&2) TEED-1 PROT (BAY 1&2)
3-89
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 2&3) TEED-1 PROT (BAY 2&3)
3-52CB
P2
.
2-52CB P1 5 2-CT 4 3 2 CORES 1
P2
3 3 3
2-89B
3-CT
REACTOR METERING
3-89A 3-89R
P1
P2
. .
P2
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs 200/ 1A (STAR PONT SIDE)
3 2 1 CORES
P1
P2 3
BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A
.U U U
2 1 CORES
P1
3 3 3 3 3
3R-CT
P1
HV BUSHING CTs (400KV SIDE)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION BUS-2
3 3
CORES 3 4 5 1 CORES 2 3 4 5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR

LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RADHA 21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY RAKZB
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1
RADHD REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS

DC VE FROM PANEL
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RADHA 21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY RAKZB
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2
RADHD REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS

DC VE FROM PANEL
ADDITIONAL AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE RECORDER) PREPARED BY
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY

19 MAR 2004 13:00:00 A 13:09:37.090 # 195 A 13:09:37.096 # 188 A 13:09:37.097 # 187 A 13:09:37.100 # 181 A 13:09:37.104 # 162 A 13:09:37.110 # 196 A 13:09:37.110 # 170 A 13:09:37.111 # 161 A 13:09:37.111 # 163 A 13:09:37.111 # 169 A 13:09:37.112 # 168 A 13:09:37.113 # 182 A 13:09:37.126 # 199 A 13:09:37.140 # 185 N 13:09:37.147 # 195 N 13:09:37.148 # 196 N 13:09:37.175 # 187 N 13:09:37.176 # 181 N 13:09:37.176 # 188 N 13:09:37.185 # 182 N 13:09:37.257 # 199 N 13:09:37.279 # 185 19 MAR 2004 14:00:00 N 14:09:48.702 # 163 N 14:09:48.704 # 161 N 14:09:48.720 # 162 N 14:10:00.903 # 169 N 14:10:00.907 # 168 N 14:10:00.907 # 170 19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTY 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTR 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH OPEN 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START R RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START Y RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED RESET 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH CLOSE 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH CLOSE
DISTURBANCE RECORDER
R PH VOLTAGE Y PH VOLTAGE B PH VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE R PH CURRENT Y PH CURRENT B PH CURRENT STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN MAIN CB Y PH OPEN MAIN CB B PH OPEN TIE CB R PH OPEN TIE CB Y PH OPEN TIE CB B PH OPEN MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD BUSBAR PROT OPTD MAIN-1 PROT OPTD MAIN-2 PROT OPTD OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE DF/DT OPTD EVENT NO NAME OF FEEDER DATE & TIME
PREFERRED DISTURBANCE RECORDER

400 KV LINES
ANALOG CHANNELS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. R-PH VOLTAGE Y-PH VOLTAGE B-PH VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE R-PH CURRENT Y-PH CURRENT B-PH CURRENT NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT
400 KV TRANSFORMER
ANALOG CHANNELS
1. HV 2. HV 3. HV 4. HV 5. LV 6. LV 7. LV 8. LV 9. HV 10. HV 11. HV 12. HV 13. LV 14. LV 15. LV 16. LV R-PH VOLTAGE Y-PH VOLTAGE B-PH VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE R-PH VOLTAGE Y-PH VOLTAGE B-PH VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE R-PH CURRENT Y-PH CURRENT B-PH CURRENT NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT R-PH CURRENT Y-PH CURRENT B-PH CURRENT NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN 2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN 3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN 4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN 5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN 6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN 7. LV 220 CB R-PH OPEN 8. LV 220 CB Y-PH OPEN 9. LV 220 CB B-PH OPEN 10 87 LZ DIFF RLY OPERATED 11. HV 67 ABCN OPERATED 12. LV 67 ABCN OPERATED 13. 51 O/L RLY OPERATED 14. 64 REF / 87 HZ RLY OPERATED 15. NDR RLY OPERATED 16. HV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD 17. LV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD 18. HV 400 BUSBAR OPERATED 19. LV 220 BUSBAR OPERATED 20. HV MAIN CB LBB OPERATED 21. HV TIE CB LBB OPERATED 22. LV 220 CB LBB OPERATED 23. HV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD 24. LV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD 25. AT/F 21T UZ RELAY OPERATED 26. OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP 27. WNDG TEMP HV/IV/LV TRIP 28. BUCHHOLZ MAIN/OLTC TRIP 29. PRD 1/ 2 TRIP 30. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT TRIP
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN 2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN 3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN 4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN 5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN 6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN 7. 21 MAIN1 REL 521 OPERATED 8. 21 MAIN2 REL 316 OPERATED 9. 87 BUSBAR RELAY OPERATED 10. MAIN CB A/R OPERATED 11. TIE CB A/R OPERATED 12. PSB OPERATED 13. SOTF OPERATED 14. 27 O/V STG-1/2 OPERATED 15. 51 STUB-1/2 OPERATED 16. 87HZ / LZ TEED-1/2 OPERATED 17. MAIN CB LBB OPERATED 18. TIE CB LBB OPERATED 19. DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 TRIP 20. 21M1 / 21M2 CARRIER RECEIVE 21. 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPERATED 22. 67N DEF/TEF RLY OPERATED 23. DF/DT RELAY OPERATED
CONFIGUARATION OF CONTROL & RELAY PANELS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

CONTROL PANEL 1. AMMETERS IN 3Phs 2. VOLTMETER WITH SEL. SWITCH 3. WATTMETER 4. VAR METER 5. 20W ANNUCIATION FACIA 6. CB CONTROL (TNC) SWITCH 7. ISO CONTROL (TNC) SWITCH 8. SEMAPHORE FOR EARTH SWITCH 9. INDICATING LAMPS FOR CB G&R 10. INDICATING LAMPS FOR ISO 11. INDICATING LAMPS FOR DC 12. INDICATING LAMPS FOR ISO I/L 13. PUSH BUTTON FOR ANNUNCIATION 14. SYNCHRONISING SOCKET FOR CB 15. SYNCHRONISING SEL.SWITCH 16. PROTECTION TRANSFER 17. MIMIC TO REPRESENT SLD 18. CUTOUT FOR RWTI WITH SEL .SWI. 19. PANEL INDICATING LABEL
* IN CASE OF ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL FOR FULL DIA IS TO BE AVAILABLE
CB RELAY PANEL 1. BREAKER FAILURE RELAY 2. AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY 3. CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY 4. CB ALARM RELAYS 5. CB TRIP CKT SUPERVISION RELAYS 6. 3-PH TRIP UNITS 86-GA & 86-GB 7. 1-PH TRIP RELAYS M1, M2 - 1 2 Nos 8. DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE RELAYS 9. DC SUPERVISION RELAYS 10. U/V RELAY E/S I/L 11. CB MULTIPLICATION RELAY 12. TEST TERMINAL BLOCK 13. ENERGY METER 14. AUX RELAYS 15. PANEL INDICATING LABEL
LINE PROTECTION PANEL

1. MAIN-1 NUM. DIST. PROT 2. MAIN-2 NUM. DIST. PROT. 3. O/V STAGE-1 (EXT/IN BUILT) 4. O/V STAGE-2 (EXT/IN BUILT) 5. DISTURBANCE RECORDER(EXT/INBUILT) 6. DISTANCE TO FAULT (EXT/ INBUILT) 7. DC SUPERVISION RELAYS 8. TEED-1 PROTECTION 9. TEED-2 PROTECTION 10. STUB-1/2 PROTECTION (EXT/ INBUILT) 11. AUXILIARY RELAYS 12. MAIN-1 CARRIER SEL.SWITCH 13. MAIN-2 CARRIER SEL.SWITCH 14. CARRIER RECEIVE RELAYS 15. FLAG RELAYS 16. TIMERS 17. PANEL INDICATING LABEL
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL MV PROTECTION PANEL
REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL

1. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 2. REF PROTECTION RELAY 3. REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION 4. CVT SELECTION RELAYS 5. FLAG RELAYS 6. AUX RELAYS 7. TIMERS 8. CIRCUIT LABEL
1. T/F DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 2. REF PROTECTION RELAY 3. DIRECTIONAL O/L E/F RELAYS 4. OVER FLUX PROTECTION 5. OVER LOAD PROTECTION 6. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS 7. FUSE FAILURE RELAY 8. AUX RELAYS FOR T/F TROBLES 9. FLAG RELAYS 10. TIMERS 11. CIRCUIT LABEL
1. DIRECTIONAL O/L E/F RELAYS 2. OVER FLUX PROTECTION 3. NEUTRAL DISPALCEMENT RELAY 4. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS 5. FUSE FAILURE RELAY 6. AUX RELAYS FOR T/F TROBLES 7. FLAG RELAYS 8. TIMERS 9. CIRCUIT LABEL
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING PANELS WILL BE AVAILABLE 1. CONTROL PANELS FOR LINE, T/F, B/C, TBC, BUS REACTOR (AS & WHEN REQ) 2. COMMON CONTROL PANEL 3. BUS BAR PROTECTION PANELS 4. TRANSFER BUS COUPLER PROTECTION PANEL(IN CASE OF DMT/SMT SCHEME) 5. BUS COUPLER PROTECTION PANEL (IN CASE OF DMT/DB SCHEME) I. NOMINCLATURE FOR PANELS ARE NORMALLY MAIN CB PANEL RLA, TIE CB PANEL RTB, HV CB PANEL RTRA, LV CB PANEL RTRD LINE PROTECTION PANEL RLB, HV PROTECTION PANEL RTRB, LV PROTECTION PANEL RTRC, LINE REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL RLRC, BUS REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL RBRA, BUS BAR PANEL RBBA, CONTROL PANEL CP, KP, KT, KBC, KTBC,KL,CCP
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
LINE-1 PROTECTION PANEL
LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL

BUS REACTOR PROT PANEL
DIA WITH TWO LINES

LINE-2 PROTECTION PANEL
DIA WITH LINE & REACTORS


LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL HV CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL HV CB RELAY PANEL

ARRANGEMENT OF C & R PANELS
DIA WITH LINE & TRANSFORMER
DIA WITH LINE, REACTOR & T/F

MV CB RELAY PANEL
MV CB RELAY PANEL
TRIP LOGICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

GROUP-A & GROUP-B TRIPPINGS

FOR 400KV STATIONS THERE SHALL BE TWO SEPARATE BATTERY SYSTEMS AVAILABLE FOR PROTECTION, CONTROL & TRIPPING/CLOSING OPERATIONS. TO OBTAIN REDUNDENCY AND TO BE ABLE TO TAKE PROTECTION OUT FOR MAINTANENCE, WHILE EQUIPMENT IS IN SERVICE, THE RELAYS ARE ELECTRICALLY AND PHYSICALLY SEGREGATED IN TO TWO GROUPS. GROUPING IS DONE TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH GROUP CAN INDEPENDENTLY CARRYOUT PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS WITH NEAR EQUAL REDUNDENCY. INTER CONNECTION OF THESE TWO GROUPS SHALL NOT BE GENERALLY BE ATTEMPTED. DISTRIBUTION OF DC SUPPLY SHALL BE DONE BAY WISE TO FEED THE FOLLOWING 1. PROTECTION 2. CB CONTROL 3. ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH CONTROL 4. ANNUNCIATION / INDICATION
LINE PROTECTION GROUP-A

MAIN-1 PROTECTION M1 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS TEED-1 PROTECTION OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 PROT DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION GROUP-A

T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY T/F HV BACKUP RELAY T/F IMP / 21T RELAY T/F HV OVERFLUX RELAY OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP PRESURE RELIEF TRIP TERITIARY DELTA WNDG NDR PROT
REACTOR PROTECTION GROUP-A

REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY REACTOR BACKUP / 21R RELAY OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
GROUP-B
MAIN-2 PROTCTION M2 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS TEED-2 PROTECTION OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 PROT LBB/BFR RELAY DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED
GROUP-B
REACTOR REF RELAY BUCHHOLZ TRIP WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP FIRE PROTECTION TRIP
GROUP-B
T/F REF / HIGH Z DIFF RELAY BUCHHOLZ TRIP T/F LV BACKUP RELAY T/F NEUTRAL CURRENT / 51 O/C RLY T/F LV OVERFLUX RELAY OVER LOAD PROT (ALARM ONLY) OLTC BUCHHOLZ TRIP WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS

INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B MAIN-1/MAIN-2 CARRIER SEND INITIATE 400KV B/B PROT START T_CB A/R RELAY INITIATE SCADA (DR & SOE)
X X X X X X X X X X
START M_CB A/R RELAY
MAIN-1 PROTECTION MAIN-2 PROTECTION SOTF, PSB OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 & STAGE-2 (BUILT IN 21 M1) OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 & STAGE-2 (BUILT IN 21 M2) STUB, TOC, BOC, TEF, DEF, (BUILT- IN 21M1) STUB, TOC, BOC, TEF, DEF, (BUILT- IN 21M2) TEED PROT-1 TEED PROT-2 DIRECT TRIP CH-1 RECD DIRECT TRIP CH-2 RECD M_CB BFR / LBB PROT T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
21 M1 21 M2
A B
1-PH 1-PH
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF DISTANCE SCHEME 59 L1 & L2 A 3-PH X X X X X X
59 L1 & L2
3-PH
3-PH
B 87T HZ 87T LZ A B A B B B
3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH X X
X X X X X
X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X X
INITIATE ALARM
X X X X X X X X X
PROTECTION RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CARRIER SEND
BLOCK M_CB A/R RELAY
BLOCK T_CB A/R RELAY
SYMBOL
OUTPUT
GROUP
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52 CB) TRIPPING LOGICS
SYMBOL
OUTPUT
GROUP
INITIATE T_CB A/R PRIORITY
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-2
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-1
89LE C LOSE PERMISSION
START LBB/BFR M_C B
PROTECTION RELAY
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY (BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2) SYNC CHECK RELAY (BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2) 1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B TRIP SIGNAL FROM 400KV BUSBAR PROTECTION LINE UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
79 A/R
A&B
1-PH & 3PH
CLOSE MAIN CB
INITIATE ALARM
X X X X
25 SYNC
A&B
3-PH
186 86 GR A 286 86 GR B
A A B B
1-PH 3-PH 1-PH 3-PH
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X X
96 BB
3-PH
27 UV
TO SCADA (DR & SOE)

X X
PROTECTION RELAY
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A SYNC CHECK RELAY
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
M_CB BFR / LBB PROT (152 CB & 352 CB)
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
79 A/R
86A
286
186
50 ZT
50 Z
86B
152 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 152 INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
152 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 152 INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
X
252 INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
252 INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 252 INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 252 INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 352 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 352 INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A 352 INITIATE M_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 352 INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B 252 INITIATE T_CB TRIPCOIL-1 & COIL-2 252 START LBB/BFR OF T_CB 252 CLOSE T_CB DIRECT TRIP CARRIER SEND INITIATE ALARM INITIATE SCADA (DR & SOE)
SYMBOL
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CH-1 RECD 25 B A B A B A & B 1-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 1-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 1-PH & 3-PH
TIE CB TRIPPING LOGICS
3-PH
OUTPUT
GROUP
DIRECT TRIP CH-2 RECD B B A
INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
MAIN CB FOR AT/F (3-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS

INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-A INITIATE T_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNIT GR-B START M_CB LBB/BFR RELAY INTER TRIP CIRCUIT HV & LV START LV_CB LBB/BFR RELAY INITIATE M_CB TRIP COIL-1 INITIATE M_CBTRIP COIL-2 INITIATE 400KV B/B PROT INITIATE 220KV B/B PROT INITIATE LV_CB TRIP COIL-1 INITIATE LV_CBTRIP COIL-2
SYMBOL OUTPUT
INITIATE ALARM
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
PROTECTION RELAY
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY HV BACKUP PROTECTION HV OVER FLUX PROT OVER LOAD RELAY HV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B REF PROTECTION TEED PROT-1 / 2 STUB PROT AT/F TROUBLE TRIP HV & LV AT/F TROUBLE ALRM M_CB BFR / LBB PROT T_CB BFR / LBB PROT LV_CB BFR / LBB PROT 400KV B/B PROT 220KV B/B PROT LV BACKUP PROTECTION LV OVER FLUX PROT TERI NEUTRAL DISP PROT LV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B
87T(LZ) 67 ABCN 99T HV 51 O/L 86 GR-A/B 64T(HZ) 87T HZ/LZ 50 STUB 86 GR-A/B
A A A A A/B B A/B A A/B
3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH
X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X
50Z 50ZT 50Z 87 BB 87 BB 67 ABCN 99T LV 151N 86 GR-A/B
B B B 96 96 B B A A/B
3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH 3-PH X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
X X
INITIATE SCADA ( SOE)

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
GROUP
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB REL521 MAIN-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB RET521 MAIN-1 86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1 ABB REL316 MAIN-2
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 ABB RET316 MAIN-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-B MTR/ HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY 86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-1 & SINGLE PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE ) START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR A/R OPERATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4.
AUTO RECLOSURE
CB CLOSE CONDITION. TIME LAPSED MORE THAN RECLAIM TIME. OPERATING PRESSURE OF CB SUITABLE FOR AUTORECLOSURE OPERATION. DC SUPPLY TO AUTORECLOSURE SHOULD BE AVAILABLE. PREPARE 3-PH TRIP RELAY SHOULD BE RELEASED CONDITION. NO BLOCKING SIGNAL TO AUTORECLOSURE RELAY. POLE DISTURBANCE RELAY TIME SHOULD BE MORE THAN TWICE OF DEAD TIME OF AUTO RECLOSURE. CARRIER FAIL SIGNAL SHOULD NOT COME AT BOTH ENDS. CARRIER SWITCH SHOULD BE IN SERVICE CONDITION. SINGLE PHASE & ZONE-1 FAULT ONLY. TRIP MAIN CB SINGLE POLE. TRIP TIE CB SINGLE POLE. CLOSE MAIN CB AFTER DEAD TIME. IF A/R SUCCESS FOR MAIN CB THEN AFTER SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY CLOSE TIE CB.(NORMALLY SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY IS DEAD TIME) IF A/R UNSUCCESS THEN TRIP MAIN & TIE CBs. IF MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION, THEN NO SUPPLEMENTARY DELAY TIME FOR TIE A/R. IT WILL OPERATE ITs OWN DEAD TIME.
AUTO RECLOSURE OPERATION
5. 6.
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-1 & TWO / THREE PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE-2 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) CARRIER SIGNAL RECEIVED & ZONE-2 STARTER IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
CARRIER SIGNAL RECEIVED & ZONE-2 STARTER IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND ( IF PUTT OR2 SCHEME SELECTED ) INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 ZONE- 3/4/5 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT

INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
DISTANCE SCHEME TRIPPING OUTPUTS

MAIN CB
CO 186 R TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 186 Y TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 186 B TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 CO 286 R TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 286 Y TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 286 B TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 CO 186 R
TIE CB
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 186 Y
DISPLAY
C
186 B
TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2
E
TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 CO 286 R
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 TO TRIP COIL-2 286 Y
DISPLAY
C
286 B
E
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN LBB
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION
DISPLAY
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY 86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY 96 BB BUSBAR RELAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE-1(BAY1) & LINE-2 (BAY3) 1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION OF LINE-1 (BAY1) & LINE-2 (BAY 3) 86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE LBB
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY3 AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3 CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES
C
86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1 & BAY3)
BUS BAR PROTECTION

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE. TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB
REB 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1 TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE. TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB
RED 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1 TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
STUB PROTECTION
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
LINE /AT/F ISOLATOR OPENS
DISPLAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
LINE /AT/F ISOLATOR OPENS
DISPLAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
TEED PROTECTION
RADHA
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
RADSB
ACTIVE START TRIP
DISPLAY
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) 110% OF V 4 SECS FOR FEEDER-1 5 SECS FOR FEEDER-2
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
110% OF V 4 SECS FOR FEEDER-1 5 SECS FOR FEEDER-2
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-a 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
RXEG 21
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
120% OF V 20m SECS
DISPLAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

RXEG 21
ACTIVE START TRIP
1O% OF V
DISPLAY
LINE EARTH SWITCH CLOSE PERMISSION ONLY.
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)

DETAILS
CHANNEL-1 SEND
PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
MAIN-1 PROTECTION : IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A MAIN CHANNEL & PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2 AS A ALTERNATE CHANNEL..
DIRECT TRIPPING
CHANNEL-2 SEND
HERE CHANNEL-1 & CHANNEL-2 SIGNALS ARE MAIN & ALTERNATE CHANNEL 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 87 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 87 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). MAIN-2 PROTECTION : 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2 AS A MAIN CHANNEL & 7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED. PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A ALTERNATE 8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 OPERATED. CHANNEL. 9. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 10. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED MAIN-1 PROTECTION : 1. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB. IT RECEIVES SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA 2. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB. PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A MAIN CHANNEL & PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2 AS A ALTERNATE CHANNEL. MAIN-2 PROTECTION : 1. TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB. IT RECEIVES SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2 AS A MAIN CHANNEL & 2. TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB. PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 AS A ALTERNATE CHANNEL.
CHANNEL-1 RECEIVE
CHANNEL-2 RECEIVE
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)

21 M1 REL 521
CARRIER PROTECTION PANEL-1

PT SEND
C E

PT SEND PT RECEIVE PT SEND PT RECEIVE DT SEND DT RECEIVE
21 M1 REL 521
PT RECEIVE PT SEND
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1 MAIN CB 86-A TIE CB 86-A
PT RECEIVE DT SEND DT RECEIVE
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1 MAIN CB 86-A TIE CB 86-A
ONE END
PT SEND PT RECEIVE PT SEND
OTHER END
PT SEND PT RECEIVE PT SEND PT RECEIVE DT SEND DT RECEIVE
21 M2 REL 316
21 M2 REL 316
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-2 MAIN CB 86-B TIE CB 86-B
PT RECEIVE DT SEND DT RECEIVE
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-2 MAIN CB 86-B TIE CB 86-B
PT : PERMISSIVE PROTECTION TRANSFER TRIP DT : DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP CHANNEL 1 / 2 RECEIVED

85 LO X1
ACTIVE START TRIP
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED
DISPLAY
85 LO X2
ACTIVE START TRIP
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED.
DISPLAY
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL -1
86-GA MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 (INBUILT MAIN-1) DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED SOTF PROTECTION (INBUILT MAIN-1) DEF,TOC, BOC, STUB (INBUILT MAIN-1) TEED-1 PROTECTION
TIE CB
MAIN CB
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
TRIP COIL-2
86-GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED SOTF PROTECTION ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 ) OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 DEF, TOC, BOC, STUB ( IN BUILT MAIN-2 ) MAIN LBB OPERATED TIE LBB OPERATED TEED-2 PROTECTION
TRIP COIL -2
MASTER TRIP RELAYS HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS LOCKOUT RELAYS

PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING. TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
(DIFFERENCIAL & REF / 3-PH HZ DIFF PROTECTION)
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
RADSB
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
87 T
(LZ)
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
64 REF
OR
RADHD
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
87 T
(HZ)
DISPLAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
( BACKUP DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)
RAPDK
67 HV ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RAPDK
ACTIVE START TRIP
67 LV ABCN
DISPLAY
( OVER FLUX PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)
RALK
99T HV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RATUB
ACTIVE START TRIP
99T LV
DISPLAY
OVER VOLTAGE (LINE) AND OVER FLUX(TRANSFORMER ) PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A MTR/ HSTR ABB O/V 1 O/V 2
(BAY 1&2)
86-A MTR/ HSTR
ABB RALK O/F- HV

(BAY 2&3 / HV)
86-A MTR/ HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 1-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-1 86 ABB -B REL521 MTR/ MAIN HSTR -1
(BAY 1&2)
TRIP COIL-1 3-52CB TRIP COIL-2 BUS-2 86-B MTR/ HSTR
ABB O/V 1 O/V 2
86-B MTR/ HSTR
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 & STAGE-2 ARE IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 NUMERICAL RELAYS. IF EXTERNAL RELAYS ARE UTILISED THEN STAGE-1 IS GR-A & STAGE-2 IS GR-B TRIPPING IS TO UTILISED.
TRIP COIL-2
86-B MTR/ HSTR
LV - CB
(BAY LV)
TRIP COIL-1
ABB RATUB O/F- LV
86-A MTR/ HSTR
RXIG 21
51 O/L
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RAEDK1
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
NDR
DISPLAY
INITIATION
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY 86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY 96 BB BUSBAR RELAY
MAIN LBB
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES ) INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV MAIN CB INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV TBC CB CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB
DISPLAY
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-1 PROTECTION OF LINE-1(BAY1)
TIE LBB
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE START TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES ) BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 AUTO RECLOSURE BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3 CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF MAIN-2 PROTECTION OF LINE-1 (BAY1)
DISPLAY
86-GR-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES
C
86-GR-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME) TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1)
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL -1
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87 T B/U O/C & E/F PROTN RLY 67 ABCN INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE ICT TROUBLES GR-A PROTECTION TRIP ICT HV OVER FLUX RELAY
TIE CB
MAIN CB
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY 64 REF/T
TRIP COIL-2
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE ICT TROUBLES GR-B PROTECTION TRIP STUB RELAY 50ST MAIN LBB OPERATED TIE LBB OPERATED ICT LV OVER FLUX RELAY INTER TRIP FROM TBC LBB & MANUAL TRIP OF 220KV
TRIP COIL -2
AUTO TRANSFORMER INTER TRIP CIRCUITS

HV INTER TRIP CIRCUITS(TO LV) FOR LV MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 8. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED. FOR LV MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B 1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPERATED. 4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPERATED (FOR HALF DIA ONLY). 5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. 7. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED 8. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED. LV INTER TRIP CIRCUIT(TO HV)
FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A 1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2 (ISO SELECTION) OPERATED. 3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B 1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2 (ISO SELECTION) OPERATED. 3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. FOR HV T-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A 1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2 (ISO SELECTION) OPERATED. 3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED. FOR HV T-CB MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B 1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN. 2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2 (ISO SELECTION) OPERATED. 3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING GR-A

86 AX OIL TEMP TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 400KV MAIN CB TO 3PH GR-A 400KV TIE CB
DIFF RELAY 87T BUCHHOLZ TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 220KV MAIN CB TO 3PH GR-A 220KV TBC CB
OL RELAY 51OL PRD-1 TRIP 86 AY
HV O/L+E/F PROT 67 PRD-2 TRIP
NDR RELAY 151N
HV O/F RELAY 99T
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING GR-B

86 BX OLTC BUCHHOLZ-R TRIP
TO 3PH GR-B 400KV MAIN CB TO 3PH GR-B 400KV TIE CB
OLTC BUCHHOLZ-Y TRIP
REF RELAY 64REF
TO 3PH GR-B 220KV MAIN CB TO 3PH GR-B 220KV TBC CB
STUB RELAY 50ST OLTC BUCHHOLZ B TRIP
LV O/L+E/F PROT 67 WNDG TEMP-HV TRIP
86 BY
LV O/F RELAY 99T WNDG TEMP-LV TRIP
WNDG TEMP-IV TRIP
TRIP COIL-1 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-1
186R1 186Y1 186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2 ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE ARE SELF RESETING. 286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2 ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE ARE SELF RESETING. THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING. 86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS. 96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
86GR-A
. .
. .
. .
86GR-B
96BB
TRIP COIL 2 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-2
186R1 186Y1 186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2 ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE ARE SELF RESETING. 286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2 ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE ARE SELF RESETING. THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING. 86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS. 96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
86GR-A
. .
. .
. .
86GR-B
96BB
ISOLATOR INTERLOCKS
S.NO BAY - 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 BAY - 2 7 8 9 10 BAY - 3 11 12 13 14 15 16
ISOLATOR OPEN/CLOSE
EQUIPMENT-1
EQUIPMENT-2
EQUIPMENT-3
EQUIPMENT-4
INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE BB189 E 189 A 189 AE 189 A 189 LE 189 L 289 BE 289 B 289 BE 289 B BB289 E 389 A 389 AE 389 A LV89 E2 389 T O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 189 AE 189 189 E 189 152 CB UV RELAY 289 AE 289 A 289 AE 289 A 389 AE 389 389 E 389 389 TE LV89 T O O O O O A O O O O O O O O O O 189 E -152 CB -252 CB -252 CB -252 CB -389 E -352 CB -252 CB -O O O O O O O O 152 CB ---------352 CB ---352 CB -O O O -
1 - 89 1 89 E 1 89 A 1 89 AE 1 89 L 1 89 LE 2 89 A 2 89 AE 2 89 B 2 89 BE 3 89 3 89 E 3 89 A 3 89 AE 3 89 T 3 89 TE
ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES ISO ES
NOTE: All Earth Switches in the Bay are towards Circuit Breaker side only. The Line and Transformer Earth Switches are towards Line & Transformer. O: OPEN C: CLOSE A: ACTED
BB189E : BUSBAR-1 EARTH SWITCH . BB289E : BUSBAR-2EARTH SWITCH . UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY.
BB189E 1-89AE 1-89E 1-52CB 1-52CB 1-89AE 1-89E
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN
ISOLATOR & CB INTERLOCKS

&
OPERATION
OPEN OPEN
BB289E 3-89AE 3-89E 3-52CB 3-52CB 3-89AE 3-89E 3-52CB 3-89TE LV89E2 3-89 3-89A 3-89 3-89A 3-89T LV89T
1-89
1-89E 1-89AE 2-89AE
CLOSE CLOSE CLOSE CLOSE CLOSE CLOSE RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET
& 1-52CB & 2-52CB & 3-52CB & 1-52CB & 2-52CB &
REMOTE CLOSE REMOTE CLOSE REMOTE CLOSE LOCAL CLOSE LOCAL CLOSE
LOCAL CLOSE
3-89
OPERATION
&
OPEN OPEN OPEN
&
OPERATION
1-89A
2-89BE 3-89E
3-89A
OPERATION
&
OPEN OPEN OPEN
1-52CB 1-89LE 2-52CB 1-89 1-89A 1-89 1-89A 1-89L U/V RLY
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN ACTED
3-89AE
&
OPERATION
1-89L
86GR-A 86GR-B 96BB
3-89T
OPERATION
OPEN
&
OPEN OPEN OPEN
2-52CB
& & &
OPERATION
1-89E
86GR-A 86GR-B
3-89E
OPERATION
& & &
OPEN OPEN
OPERATION
1-89AE
86GR-A 86GR-B 96BB
3-89AE
OPERATION
OPEN OPEN OPEN
OPERATION
1-89LE
3-52CB 3-89TE
OPERATION
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89AE 2-89BE OPEN OPEN OPEN 2-89B
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN
& 2-89AE & 2-89BE
OPERATION
2-52CB 2-89AE 2-89BE
OPEN OPEN OPEN
&
OPERATION
2-89A
2-89A 2-89B
OPERATION
&
OPERATION
2-89B
CLOSING INTERLOCK OF MAIN & TIE CB

96 BB 86 GR-A 86 GR-B + VE T N C CB REMOTE CLOSE 21M1 AR MAIN CB
21M2 AR
86 GR-A
86 GR-B + VE T N C TIE CB CB REMOTE CLOSE
TIE
AR
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

A.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
ADVANTAGES:
THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A FULL DIA ARE ALWAYS IN CLOSED POSITION. IF MAIN CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM TIE CB & OTHER BUS . NEED NOT REQUIRE TRANSFER THE FEEDER. IF TIE CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM MAIN CB & CONNECTED BUS. EVEN IF BOTH MAIN BREAKERS UNDER TROUBLE, DURING THAT PERIOD ONE FEEDER WORKS AS INCOMING AND OTHER FEEDER WORKS AS OUTGOING VIA TIE CB. (WITHOUT INTERUPTION TO FEEDERS) IF BUSBAR-1 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-1 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-2. IF BUSBAR-2 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-2 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-1. IN THIS BUSBAR PROTECTION IS SIMPLE AND NEED NOT REQUIRE SELECTION OF ISOLATOR. IT IS MORE RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR OPERATION & MAINTANENCE POINT OF VIEW.
B.
1. 2. 3. 4.
DISADVANTAGES
CT CONNECTIONS & PROTECTION TRIP LOGICS ARE SOME WHAT COMPLICATED. COMPLEX CONTROL & PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY COST TOWARDS CTs, CIRCUIT BREAKERS & PANELS ARE TO BE INCREASED DUE TO EXTRA BAY. THE COST COMPARISION TABLE SHOWN IN NEXT PRESENTATION. THE OPERATIONS FOR OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW IS LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED WHEN COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM. SPACE OCUPATION FOR BAY IS MORE i.e COST OF LAND IS INCREASE.
COST COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM & ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FOR FEEDER
S.No
1.
EQUIPMENT
CIRCUIT BREAKERS CURRENT TRANSFORMERS 3 CT METHOD
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
1 No
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FULL DIA (FOR 2 FEEDERS)

3 Nos
% INCREASE IN COST
50%
HALF DIA % INCREASE (FOR 1 FEEDER) IN COST

2 Nos 100%
INCLUDES THE COST OF CT MARSHELLING BOXES. 3 Sets 1 Set 4 Sets 5 Sets 6 Sets I SET 3 SETS 50% 100% 125% 200% 30% 2 Sets 2 Sets 3 Sets 3 Sets 2 SETS 100% 100% 200% 200% 30%
2.
4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 6 CT METHOD
3.
CONTROL & RELAY PANELS BAY MARSHALLING BOXES CONTROL CABLES
NORMALLY EXTRA PANEL IS TIE BAY PANEL. IT IS ARROUND 30% COST OF MAIN PANEL. BECAUSE IT IS NOT HAVING PROTECTION RELAYS( MM-1 & MM-2 AND OTHER RELAYS) . ONLY TIE CB TRIPPING RELAYS & ASSOCIATED RELAYS(A/R +LBB). +LBB).
4.
1 No
3 Nos
50%
2 Nos
30%
5.
8 KM
30 KM
100%
20 KM
150%
OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING RELAYS AND TESTING EQUIPMENT

ABB RELAYS
REL 521
REL 316*4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
E E
C E
ABB Relays
REL 512
c
E
ALSTOM RELAYS
P443
P445
P437
E-PAC
P442
GE MULTILIN RELAYS
SIEMENS RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
ENABLED
IA =250.10 A IB =250.10 A IC =250.10 A VAB =400.0 KV VBC =400.0 KV VCA =400.0 KV

ESC ENT
TRIP
TARGET RESET
SPT ENABLED COMM ENABLED ALT SETTINGS
MC ENABLED RECLOSE ENABLED CB CLOSED
SEL- 421
INST TIME COMM SOTF ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 ZONE 4
PH - A PH - B PH - C GND
50 51 79 RESET 79 LOCKOUT
RELAY TEST
CB OPEN
SEL
INST TIME COMM SOTF TRIP EN A B C
2ENABLED 3
TRIP
TARGET RESET
SEL- 321- 5 - 2
ZONE G Q 51 50 O/C
FAULT TYPE
TARGET TARGET FAULT SET RESET NO / YES / CANCEL SELECT
METER STATUS OTHER GROUP EXIT
SEL
VA TECH REYROLLE RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
RELAY HARDWARE
16 / 32 BIT
PC MODEM
IRIG-B RE/CC
NORMALLY 400KV RELAYS SUPPLIED WITH CONFIGUARATION/HARDWARE 1. MIN 4Nos MAX 8Nos COMMAND/TRIP OUTPUTS 2. MIN 24Nos SIGNAL OUTPUTS 3. MIN 14 LED INDICATIONS 4. MIN 24 BINARY INPUTS
FOLLOWING
RELAY SIGNAL DATA FLOW
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE NUMERICAL DISTANCE RELAYS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N). DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 / 51 / 67 P+G). EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES. SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF). PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B). POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T). FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR). AUTO RECLOSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRNISATION & VOLTAGE CHECK(79 + 25 +86). WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI). SYSTEM SUPERVISION. STUB PROTECTION(STUB). OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59). LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF). DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM 3. MILES & 4. R+JX ) 16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs. RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTURBANCE RECORDER. EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS. PRE-FAULT, FAULT & POST-FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE DETAILS. USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS. TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT). TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC). METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION). 4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT). MINIMUM 8 COMMOND/ TRIP RELAYS, 24 SIGNAL RELAYS MINIMUM 20 BINARY INPUTS, 14 LEDs
DISTANCE RELAYS CHARACTERESTICS

( MHO CIRCULAR )

( QUADRILATERAL-1 )

( QUADRILATERAL-2 )

( BULLET )

( TRIANGLER )

( LENS / OPTICAL )

( TOMATO )
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER( M & B ) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS

MANUFACTURERS ABB AREVA (ALSTOM) SIEMENS ( SIPROTEC ) SEL GE MULTILIN EASUN REYROLL NXT PHASE VA TECH REYROLL TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION MAIN-1 REL 521 REL 670 MICOM P443/P444/ P442/P445 SIPROTEC 7SA62/3 SEL 421 D-60, ALPS THR 4 PE 24 L-PRO OHMEGA 402
CURVES
QUAD
T/F PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL RET 521 / 670 RET 316 MICOM P633 KBCH/ MBCH 7UT 613/ 2 7UT 513/ 2 SEL 387 T-35 / T-60 SR 7465 --T-PRO DUOBIAS M DIR O/L,E/F REL 505 REX 521 MICOM P141 MICOM P127
7SJ 62/3/4/5 7SJ 52/3/4/5
QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO
MAIN-2 REL 316 REL 512 MICOM P437 E-PAC 3000, OPTIMHO SIPROTEC 7SA522 SEL 321 SEL 311C L-60/L-90 D-30 THR 4 PE 16 THR 3 PE 18 L-PRO OHMEGA 311/308
CURVES
QUAD/
BULLET
QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO QUAD/ MHO MHO
SEL 351 F-60 SR 750/60 MIT

F-PRO ARGUS
LENS/ TOMAT0 QUAD/ MHO
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA-300) 3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256-6) 2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000) 4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430) 3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II) 2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3) 4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
400KV SUBSTATIONS IN APTRANSCO

S.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
400KV SUBSTATION
MAMIDIPALLY (HYDERABAD) NURNOOR (KURNOOL) KALAPAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM) VEMAGIRI (RAJHAMUNDRY) VELTUR (MB NAGAR) CHITTOR(VEPANJIR) NELLORE(MANUBOLU) DICHPALLY* (NIZAMABAD) GAJWEL* (MEDAK) NARASARAOPETA* (GUNTUR) MALKARAM** (SECUNDRABAD) YEDDUMAILARAM** (RR, SHANKARPALLY) NAKEREKALLU** (NALGONDA)
CAPACITY
(2 + 1**) X 315 MVA (2 + 1**) X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA (1 + 2**) X 315 MVA (1 + 1**) X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA 3 X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA
1. SRISAILAM 1&2 2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL) 1. SRISAILAM 2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL)
FEEDERS
3. KHAMMAM 1&2(PGCIL) 4. YEDDUMAILARAM 1&2** 3. GOOTY (PGCIL) 4. NARASARAOPETA** 3. KHAMMAM 1&2 (PGCIL) 4. VEMAGIRI 1&2 5. GVK EXTN 1&2 (IPP) 6. GOWTHAMI 1&2 (IPP) 7. KONASEEMA 1&2 (IPP) 8. GMR VASAVI 1&2 (IPP) 2. RAICHUR
1. SIMHADRI 1,2,3&4 (NTPC) 2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL) 1. KALAPAKA 1&2 2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL)* 3. NUNNA 1&2 (PGCIL)* 4. GUNTUR 1&2* 1. TALLAPALLY
1. CHENNAI RED HILLS
2. KADAPA
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1. RAMAGUNDAM 3. BTPS 1&2** 1. SRISAILAM 1&2 2. NUNNA 1&2 1. RAMAGUNDAM 2. NAKEREKALLU 1&2** 1. GAJWEL 1&2 1. VTPS 1&2 2. GHANAPUR 4. YEDDUMAILARAM 1&2** 3. VEMAGIRI 1&2 4. KURNOOL** 2. GHANAPUR 2. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2 2. MALKARAM 1&2
400KV SUBSTATIONS OF PGCIL IN AP

S.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
400KV SUBSTATION
RAMAGUNDAM(NTPC) GHANAPUR (HYDERABAD) GAJUWAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM) NUNNA (VIJAYAWADA) TALLAPALLY (NAGARJUNA SAGAR) BUDIDAMPADU (KHAMMAM) GOOTY CHINAKAMPALLY NELLORE(MANUBOLU) MULUGU* (WARANGAL)
CAPACITY
2 X 200 MVA 2 X 250 MVA 1 X 315 MVA 3 X 315 MVA (1 + 1*) X 315 MVA (1 + 1*) X 315 MVA 3 X 315 MVA (1 + 1*) X 315 MVA (1 + 1**) X 315 MVA (1 + 1**) X 315 MVA 2 X 315 MVA
1. GHANAPUR 1&2 2. GAJWEL(GHNP3) 3. MALKARAM(GHNP4)
FEEDERS
4. TALLAPALLY 1&2 5. DICHPALLY* 6. KHAMMAM (WRNGL) 7. CHANDRAPUR 1&2 4. NAGARJUNA SAGAR 5. KURNOOL 6. MALKARAM(RMGNDM4) 3. VEMAGIRI 1&2 4. JAIPUR(HVDC) 4. VEMAGIRI 3&4(VTPS) 3&4(VTPS) 5. KHAMMAM 6. NELLORE 1&2 4. GOOTY 5. CHINAKAMPALLY 1&2 4. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2 5. KALAPAKA 1&2 4. NEELAMANGALA 5. RAICHUR 1&2* 3. KOLAR 4. CHITTOR 2. CHENNAI(ALAMATHI) 1&2 3. BTPS(KTPS) 1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2 2. MAMIDIPALLY 3. GAJWEL(RMGNDM3) 1. NUNNA 2. KALAPAKA1&2 1. GAJUWAKA 2. SRISAILAM 1&2(NRSPT) 3. VEMAGIRI 1&2 1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2 2. GHANAPUR 3. MAHABOOBNAGAR 1. RAMAGUNDAM (WRGL) 2. NUNNA 1. TALLAPALLY 2. SOMANAHALLY 3. KURNOOL 1. TALLAPALLY 1&2 2. SOMANAHALLY 1. NUNNA 1&2 1. RAMAGUNDAM 2. KHAMMAM
1. AT RAMAGUNDAM 1NO 315 MVA TRANSFORMER IS TO BE REMOVED AND DICHPALLY FEEDER IS PLANNED TO CONNECT. 2. RAMAGUNDAM TO GHANAPUR CKT-1 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT GAJWEL (APTRANSCO) SS. 3. RAMAGUNDAM TO GHANAPUR CKT-2 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT MALKARAM (APTRANSCO) SS. 4. GAJUWAKA TO NUNNA CKT-2&3 IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT VEMAGIRI (APTRANSCO) SS. 5. RAMAGUNDAM TO KHAMMAM CKT IS PROPOSED TO TAKE LILO AT WARANGAL SS.
400KV NETWORK IN AP
GAJUWAKA
HVDC
SIMHADRI WARANGAL
RAMAGUNDAM BTPS DICHPALLY TALLAPALLY GAJWEL CHANDRAPUR (MAHARASTRA)
JAIPUR
KALAPAKA
IPP3 VEMAGIRI
IPP4
IPP1
IPP2
YEDDUMAILARAM
NUNNA VTPS KHAMMAM GUNTUR NELLORE NKRKL
MBNGR
GHANAPUR
MALKARAM
CHINAKAMPALLY
KURNOOL
GOOTY BANGALORE
BANGALORE
CHITTOR
ALAMETHI / CHENNAI
SRISAILAM MAMIDIPALLY
RAICHUR
CHENNAI
KOLAR
VEMAGIRI SUBSTATION DISPLAY

NUNNA I (PGCIL) NUNNA II GAJUWAKA I GAJUWAKA II (PGCIL) (PGCIL) (PGCIL) KALAPAKA I KALAPAKA II GOWTHAMI I GOWTHAMI II FUTURE I PHES FUTURE II PHES
315MVA, 400/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMER-I
315MVA, 400/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMER-II
GUNTUR I
GUNTUR II
KOPCL II VPGCL I VPGCL II KOPCL I GMR VASAVI GMR VASAVI KONASEEMA KONASEEMA
GVK EXT I
GVK EXT II
DISPLAY

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400KV PROTECTION

PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)

BASICS OF ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

3-52 CB LINE-1 BUS-2 LINE-2

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM

MESH / RING LAYOUT

6-52 CB FEEDER 6 FEEDER 5

BAY3 BAY1 BAY2

TRANSFER BUS COUPLER BAY6

BAY4 BUS COUPLER

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM

CT METHODS IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

CB LINE CB LINE CB LINE LINE CB LINE LINE CB CB

CB 3 CT METHOD CB 4 CT METHOD CB 5 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD CB 6 CT METHOD

CB AT/F CB AT/F CB CB CB CB AT/F AT/F AT/F AT/F

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

2-89A 2-52CB 1-89L

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-ACT 2-BCT

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

1-52CB 1-CT 1-89A 2-CT

2-89A 1-89L 1L-CT