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"HOW SMART GRID WILL ENERGIZE THE WORLD"

PIYU PUROHIT (Student of III yr.) SHRIYA JAIN (Student of III yr.) Department of Electrical Engineering Poornima institute of engineering and technology Jaipur, India purohit.piyu@yahoo.com shriyaja@gmail.com

RUPALI RANA (Student of III yr.) Department of Electrical Engineering Poornima institute of engineering and technology Jaipur, India ranarupali1992@gmail.com

Abstract--Technology is rapidly changing the way we approach almost everything we do in life. A variety of influencing factors are causing utilities to get on-board with the latest Smart Grid technologies and placing consumers in the driver seat when it comes to energy conservation. The Smart Grid is referenced as a possible solution to terrorist attacks, a method for minimizing climate change, and a means of stimulating sustainable economic growth for the global economy. This is not a single technology, network or solution, but rather an ecosystem that is evolving and will continue to evolve over several years. The goal of the Smart Grid is to provide communication, information and control to as many points on an energy distribution network as possible, maximizing the efficiency, reliability and security of the system. This paper will discuss about the theories and development on principles of smart grid technologies and systems.

in 2050 and ten billion in 2100. At the same time, energy consumption will also increase. According to BP's Energy Outlook 2030, energy consumption has grown roughly by 0.7 percent per capita per annum. [1] The question which strikes in mind is "How do we feed all these people as well as provide them with energy?" as our natural resources are finite and we have to combat climate change. We have to invest largely in energy efficiency and renewable energy resources, as these are pre requisites for above mentioned challenges. This might not be a big issue from a technical point of view; however, the financial investments required will most likely be the first hurdle to overcome whereas the biggest challenge is to make people aware about our energy related issues. The good news about having nine billion people on earth is that we have an abundance of creativity and innovative ideas

KEYWORDS: Smart Grid, FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System), Deregulation, Smart Meter, Smart Battery, Plug-in Vehicle 1. INTRODUCTION According to the survey it is studied that, the world population will be around nine billion

which can solve these energy challenges. One of that creative idea is "Smart Grid".[1] A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. [2] If you will ask a person to define the Smart Grid, you will receive a wide range of answers. If you ask a meter engineer, they will suggest it is Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI). If you ask a protection and Control Engineer, they will suggest it provides substation and distribution automation services. A Control Room Operator focuses on the benefits of distribution and outage management. The responses by each group were 100 % accurate, and demonstrates the wide ranging requirements of this emerging technology.[6] 2. WHAT IS A SMART GRID AND WHY DO WE NEED IT? Since the power system is built, various advancements and innovative techniques are introduced in it such as Deregulation FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) Smart Grid

demand is very high whereas generation is less average age of power plant is around 35 years only [3] heavily relying on fossil fuel efficiency is very less [4] not vulnerable as day by day no. of blackouts are increasing

The current state of the grid limits the energy efficiency efforts, as there are various problems in the system such that users of electricity are unaware of their usage level at any given time. This can be done by using various overcome techniques. 3. OVERCOME MEASURES We can overcome with these measures by converting electrical infrastructure into intelligence infrastructure. We can done this by developing a system in which grid self think about what is good for it. This can be done by using various innovative techniques such as: Home Energy Management Load Management Backup System Storage Management Plug in Vehicle Management

Now the question arises what Smart Grid exactly is? Smart Grid is a term used to describe broad range of technologies, innovative concepts and operating practices that collectively paint an exciting picture of what our electric power infrastructure might look like in next ten or twenty years. Today, Electrical Grid is facing many no. of problems such as:

3.1 HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT As a world non renewable energy resources continue to deplete , there is an increase in need to protect them and produce renewable sources of energy . There is also a need for systems to distribute this energy via an intelligent and efficient distribution system , thus birthing the term "Smart Grid". Smart grid offers significant benefit for both utility companies and their consumers . For consumers , it would enable them to get real time information of their energy consumption , and with that information manage their loads accordingly to lower the

utility bills . This can be done by using by using smart energy meters in home. 3.1.1 SMART ENERGY METERS Smart Meter is a high performance system that collects data on power consumption and transmits the data to power utilities. It is able to collect detail data on power consumption in buildings and houses and transmit such data to power utilities via the network. They are capable of two-way communications. 3.2 LOAD MANAGEMENT According to central electricity authority , India will face 10.3% shortage and 12.3% shortage of power in 2011-2012. [7] To manage the peak load is the key driver as energy cannot be stored for longer duration in large scale so it has to be increased or demand needs to be reduced. The alternative option is reducing demand through demand side management and variable pricing for peak and off peak hours , which can be achieved through smart grids. In the peak hours ( day time) the electricity should not be given to the industries and the household demand should be fulfilled and in the night time the supply can be given to the factories and industries .

main power system. This can be done by using renewable integration method such as our generation will be from renewable sources such as solar, wind and bio-mass etc. and when renewable are unavailable or during on peak loads, we can generate through non renewable energy sources. 3.4 STORAGE MANAGEMENT Smart Grid technology are attracting attention as technologies for using renewable energy which are likely to be used more widely in future. The amount of power generated by power generation methods relying on renewable energy sources such as sunlight and wind varies with the weather. These Smart Grid system achieve stable operation by approximately controlling photovoltaic and battery system. 3.4.1 SMART BATTERY In response to increase awareness regarding energy conservation and disaster prevention, storage batteries are used more and more frequently to store renewable energy(ex. sun and wind energy). Many companies has developed a stationary storage battery system using the rechargeable lithium ion battery, which is designed to guarantee safety and long life has a large input and output capacity. 3.5 PLUG-IN VECHILE MANAGEMENT Two emerging smart grid technologies that can help the grid withstand the electricity demand that plug in vehicles require are demand response and vehicle to grid integration technology. A Plug in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) is a hybrid vehicle which utilizes rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device that can be stored to full charge by connecting a plug to an external electric power source. [8]

3.3 BACKUP SYSTEM Systems are designed to work in parallel with the main electrical grid ,performing a wide range of important functions with the aim of improve the ability and the quality of the electrical power supply. Main functions of the backup systems are Power supply in case of grid failure Management of unbalanced load connection and integration of renewable and non renewable energy sources. We can use the backup system by using nonrenewable energy sources as the alternative source and renewable energy sources as

4.BENEFITS These benefits will result from improvements in the following six key value areas: Reliability-by reducing the cost of interruptions and power quality disturbances and reducing the probability and consequences of widespread blackouts [5] Economics-by keeping downward prices on electricity prices, reducing the amount paid by consumers as compared to the business as usual (BAU) grid, creating new jobs, and stimulating the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). [5] Efficiency-by reducing the cost to produce, deliver, and consume electricity[5] Environmental- by reducing emissions when compared to BAU by enabling a larger penetration of renewable and improving efficiency of generation, delivery, and consumption [5] Security-by reducing the probability and consequences of manmade attacks and natural disasters [5] Safety-by reducing injuries and loss of life from grid-related events[5] CONCLUSION Smart grid is not an option but the only option , which the country needs to march on . Just like any other technologies , adoption and transformation of smart grid won't be easy and overnight , it will have its own share of excitements , challenges , failure , success and road blocks . It will help realize 21st century power dream , in which energy is essential commodity for growth , success , reliability and security. REFERENCES 1. http://smartgridsherpa.com/blog/energizi ng-seven-billion-people-how-can-wechange-the-world-of-energy

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid 3. Troxell, Wade O. Smart Grid: Transforming the US Power Grid. Power point Presentation Undated. Accessed from http://www.nrel.gov/visitors_center/ in April 2012 4. ibid 5. National Energy TechnologyLaboratory (NETL), Understanding the Benefits of the Smart Grid REPORT accessed via http://www.netl.doe.gov/smartgrid/refere nceshelf/whitepapers/06.18.2010_Under standing%20Smart%20Grid%20Benefits .pdf 6. Digi International, HOW SMART GRID WILL ENERGIZE THE WORLD accessed via http://www.digi.com/pdf/wp_smartgrid. pdf 7. Indias Energy Woes Power New Business Opportunities accessed via https://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.e du/2011/07/india%E2%80%99s-energywoes-power-new-business-opportunities/ 8. PLUG IN HYBRID PEOPLE accessed via http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plugin_hybrid