History as form is dependent on sources and these sources are transmitted in basically three ways: written, oral &

images lalala E. H. Carr - record of past events by a historian with a particular point of view facts and interpretation FACTS Records most likely written; no documents, no history: The dearth of written sources brought into mainstream scholarship the use of oral history, historical vignettes or anecdotes that are passed from generation to generation through stories (kuwentong bayan), song, epic poetry or popular literature. The most important thing to consider in historyas-form centers on the question on whether the facts of history are really genuine. The process of determining authenticity is called external and internal criticism. External process of proving genuineness Internal substance of the documents Examples of fake relics: hitler's diaries, kalantiaw, piltdown man, sculptures of amedeo modigliani INTERPRETATIONS It is the task of the historian to uncover these unobservable details facts of history are processed and screened depending on the intent of the author The question of relevance is always determined from the perspective of the present; whether there is a connection between the present events and the historical incident or the person of interest Dialectics the theory and practice of weighing and reconciling juxtaposed or contradictory arguments for the purpose of arriving at truth especially through discussion and debate (Socrates) The Socratic method clearly is an approach in epistemology where the substance of the

argument is as important as the process in making the argument. Philosophical basis Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (work: Phenomenology of the Mind and in the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline) and Karl Marx. Hegel wrote his theme around the dialectical triad comprising a thesis(developing forms of thought), anti-thesis (the opposing thought/externality) and synthesis(united in the mind). The mind is considered existing for itself, as conscious of itself and of the institutions it has given rise to. THESIS STATEMENT 1. Thesis statement can only be generated after researching on the topic, since it is by definition a stand or a conclusion 2. Thesis statement must be argumentative - against view of (a) classmates (b) historian (c)definition of terms Hypothesis where questions are raised to help clarify the report by breaking the thesis statement to its component parts. Components:(1) community participation in the political process (2) election of leaders, (3) rule of the majority. Sub-thesis interrogative statements raised in the hypothesis part are simply transformed as declarative sentences. The more proofs, the more the sub thesis is substantiated, the more the thesis statement is strengthened.