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Table of Contents
Table of Contents........................................................................................ 1 Introduction................................................................................................. 5 1.Introduction to ArcMap.............................................................................8 Exercise No.1: Getting familier with ArcMap............................................8 Exercise no 2: Working with table of contents.......................................13 1.Creating new map and Adding data into it.......................................13 2.Creating new data frame and adding data into it.............................13 3.Creating a New Group Layer............................................................13 4.Optional practice.............................................................................. 14 2. Introduction to ArcCatalog.....................................................................14 Exercise 1: Starting with ArcCatalog......................................................14 Exercise 2: Connecting to folder.............................................................15 Exercise 3: Exploring data......................................................................15 1.Content Tab...................................................................................... 16 2.Preview Tab...................................................................................... 16 Practical No: 3: Working with Geodatabase...............................................18 Introduction:........................................................................................... 18 Exercise 1: Creating personal Geo-database..........................................18 Exercise 2: Exploring existing data........................................................19 Exercise 3: Create new empty feature datasets ....................................19 Exercise 4: Importing shapefiles to geodatabase...................................19 Practical No 4: Working with Symbology...................................................20 Exercise 1: Exploring data in ArcMap.....................................................20 Exercise 2: Working with single symbol.................................................20

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E S G B I.Working with color palette................................................................20 II.Working with symbol Selector..........................................................21 III.Setting Transparency for polygon...................................................21 Exercise 3: Working with Unique Value Symbol.....................................21 Exercise 4: Classify the census block groups.........................................22 Exercise 5: Working with classes............................................................22 Practical No 5: RELATING AND JOINING TABLES........................................23 Exercise 1: Copying the data to your workspace....................................23 Exercise 2: Exploring tables...................................................................23 Exercise 3: Joining the tables.................................................................24 Exercise 4: Relating the tables...............................................................25 Exercise 5: Query the table....................................................................25 Exercise 6: Modify the appearance of the joined table..........................26 ...................................................................................................... 26 Practical No 6: Working with Labels...........................................................26 Exercise 1: Add data..............................................................................26 Exercise 2: Labeling line type layers......................................................27 Exercise 3: Working with Query of data.................................................27 Exercise 4: Displaying labels differently.................................................28 Practical No 7: Designing a map in layout.................................................28 Exercise 1: Insert Legend.......................................................................29 Exercise 2: Insert North Arrow................................................................30 Exercise 3: Insert scale bar....................................................................30 Exercise 4: Insert outline and Background colour..................................30 Exercise 5: Draw grid on the map..........................................................31 Practical No 8: Georeferencing and Digitizing...........................................33

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E S G B Exercise 3: Start Digitizing Polygon........................................................34 Exercise 4: Digitizing line features:........................................................35 Exercise 5: Digitizing points:..................................................................35 Practical No 9: Editing data ......................................................................36 Exercise 1: Edit Features with the Editor Toolbar...................................36 Step 1: Start Arcmap and Load the Data.............................................36 Step 2: Open the Editor Toolbar and Start an Edit Session.................36 Step 3: Select and Move a Parcel........................................................36 Step 4: Rotate a Feature.....................................................................37 Step 5: Move the Feature's Selection Anchor......................................37 Step 6: Specify a Rotation Angle.........................................................38 Step 7: Move a Vertex.........................................................................38 Step 8: Delete a Vertex.......................................................................39 Step 9: Add a Vertex...........................................................................39 Step 10: Delete the Parcel...................................................................40 Step 11: Save Changes and Exit Arcmap............................................40 Step 12: Create a Feature Using the Sketch Tool................................41 Step 13: Add a Feature Using More Sketch Option..............................43 Step 14: Use Multiple Sketch Tools.....................................................45 Step 15: Stop Editing and Exit Arcmap................................................50 Practical No 10: Geoprocessing and Data Analysis....................................50 Exercise No 1: Merge..............................................................................50 Exercise No 2: Clip.................................................................................. 50 Exercise No 3: Dissolve..........................................................................51 Exercise No 4: Buffer.............................................................................. 51 Exercise No 5: Union.............................................................................. 52

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E S G B Exercise No 6: Intersection.....................................................................52 Practical No 11: Creating Raster Data.......................................................53 Practical No 12: 3D creation......................................................................53 Exercise 1: Contour Creation..................................................................53 For the labeling of contour lines..........................................................53 Exercise 2: Tin Creation..........................................................................54 Exercise 3: Tin to DEM Creation.............................................................54 Practical No 13: Raster Function................................................................54 Practical No 14: Watershed analysis..........................................................56 Practical No 15: To visualize /convert the excel data file in ArcGIS...........59 Practical No 16: Converting features to 3D...............................................59

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Introduction
What is ArcGIS? ArcGIS is a powerful technology as it helps in integrating knowledge from multiple sources and creates crosscutting environment for collaboration. It provides the powerful visualization environment with strong analytic and modeling framework that is rooted in the science of geography. It is a powerful medium for managing, visualizing and communicating about our world. All the GIS views are represented by three different tools: Arc Catalog and Geodatabase: GIS is a collection of geographic datasets. ArcMap: GIS provides intelligent map view. Toolbox: GIS is a set of geoprocessing tools

ArcGIS is an integrated family of GIS software products for building a complete GIS. It consists of four primary frameworks for deploying GIS: ArcGIS DesktopAn integrated suite of professional GIS applications composed of three main software

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E S G B Products: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo Server GISArcIMS, ArcGIS Server, and ArcGIS Image Server Developer GISEmbeddable software components for developers to extend GIS desktops, build custom GIS applications, add custom GIS services and Web applications, and create mobile solutions Mobile GISArcPad and ArcGIS Mobile for field computing DesktopGIS: ArcGIS Desktop is the primary application used by GIS professionals to compile, author, and use geographic information and knowledge. It is available at three functional levelsArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo. ArcGIS Desktop includes an integrated suite of comprehensive desktop applicationsArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox, and ArcGlobe. Each application has a rich set of GIS tools and operators.

WHAT IS ARCGIS DESKTOP?

ArcGIS Desktop is a comprehensive set of professional GIS applications used to solve problems; to meet a mission; to increase efficiency; to make better decisions; to communicate, visualize, and understand geographic information ArcGIS Desktop refers to a suite of three integrated core applications: ArcMap, ArcCatalog, and ArcToolbox. ArcMap is used for all mapping and editing tasks, as well as mapbased analysis.

ArcCatalog

is the application for managing spatial data holdings, for managing database designs, and for recording and viewing metadata.
ArcToolbox

offers the tools for GIS data conversion and geoprocessing tasks. ArcToolbox for ArcInfo comes with a complete, comprehensive set of tools (well over 150) for geoprocessing, data conversion, map sheet management, overlay analysis, map projection, and much more; a lighter version comes with ArcView and ArcEditor. Data Sources for ArcGIS:

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E S G B Shapefile datasets A shapefile dataset (.shp) is stored in a folder, is composed of geographic features and their attributes, and contains a single feature class. Points, lines, or polygons (areas) represent geographic features in a shapefile. Shape files are a simple, non topological format for storing the geometric location and attribute information of geographic features.

CAD feature datasets The ArcGIS feature representation of a CAD file. CAD feature datasets can contain one to five read Only feature classes: points, polylines, polygons, multipatches, and annotation.

Raster data Raster datasets A collection of one or more bands of a supported raster type such as TIFF, ESRI GRID or MrSID. Raster datasets can live in a folder in a file system.

Raster catalogs Raster catalogs are a collection of raster datasets organized in a table. Table records define the individual raster datasets included in the catalog. Tables

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E S G B Tables contain data elements arranged in rows and columns. Each row represents an individual entity, record, or feature, and each column represent a single field or attribute value.

GIS practical 1.Introduction to ArcMap

Exercise No.1: Getting familier with ArcMap
1.0 Adding Existing Map in the folder Steps: a) Open the ArcMap from start button, Start>Programs>ArcGIS> ArcMap menu

b) Once you click on ArcMap menu, you will find the graphical interface like below and show you dialog box giving you option to open New empty map, Template or to Existing map.

c) Select the existing map and press Ok.

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Button

Name Zoom In

Function E Allows you to zoom in to a geographic window by S clicking a point or dragging a box G B Allows you to zoom out from a geographic window by clicking a point or dragging a box Allows you to zoom in on the center of your data frame Allows you to zoom out on the center of your data frame Allows you to pan the data frame

Zoom Out

Fixed Zoom In

Fixed Zoom Out

Pan

Full Extent

Allows you to zoom to the full extent of your map

Back

Allows you to go back to the previous extent

Forward

Allows you to o forward to the next extent Allows you to select features by clicking or dragging a box

Select Features

Clear Selected Deselects all of the currently selected features in the Features active data frame Select Elements Identify Allows you to select, resize, and move text, graphics, and other objects placed on the map Identifies the geographic feature or place on which you click Finds features in the map

Find

Go To XY

Allows you to type an x, y location and navigate to it

Measure

Measures distance on the map

Hyperlink

Triggers hyperlinks from features

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HTML Pop-up Create Viewer Window Triggers HTML pop-ups from features Creates a new viewer window by dragging a rectangle

E S G B d) Browse and locate it to the .mxd document at E:\GIS_Practice\Data_for_Practice\Germany.mxd Note: While working on ArcMap, always put the relative path from document properties File>Document properties>Data source options>store relative path names to data sources>press ok Note that, map displayed in ArcMap is already organized into layers and data frames. Map document stores these setting within it. You can view all the data easily. 2.0 Info about table of contents (TOC)

Here you will get an idea about table of content a) In the TOC contains you can see one or more than one data frame and multiple layers. b) You can only visualize that layer, which is active . You can activate and deactivate the layer according to the requirement of data and to save the time and energy. c) You can notice the view in map has changed. Map displays layers within active data frame.
d) Click the plus or minus sign of the layer name in the table of contents to show or hide its legend in the table of contents.

3.0 Familiar with tool bars

Toolbars Menu Tool bar The image below shows the ArcMap Main menu.

Standard Toolbar
The Standard toolbar most typically appears at the top of the ArcMap application window and is used for map printing, creating a new map, opening an existing map, saving your map, starting related ArcGIS

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E S G B applications, and more.

ArcMap Standard toolbar buttons and their functions: Button Name New map file Open Save Print Function Creates a new map Opens an existing map Saves the current map Prints the current map

Cut

Cuts the selected element(s)

Copy

Copies the selected element(s)

Paste

Pastes the clipboard contents into your map

Delete

Deletes the selected element(s)

Undo

Undoes the last action

Redo

Redoes the previously undone action

Add Data

Adds new data to the map's active data frame Shows the Editor toolbar so you can edit the map's data

Editor toolbar

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E S G B Launch ArcCatalog Show/Hide ArcToolbox Starts ArcCatalog

Shows/Hides the ArcToolbox window

Show/Hide Command Line Shows/Hides the Command Line window window Start ModelBuilder What's This? Starts ModelBuilder Allows you to get help for a menu command or tool by clicking the What's This pointer and clicking the menu command or tool

Tools Toolbar

The Tools toolbar is used for map navigation and query within the active data frame. ArcMap Tools toolbar buttons and their functions: Play with different tool bars for a while. You can enjoy.

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Exercise no 2: Working with table of contents

In this part you will learn how to prepare new map and add different layers and data frames.

1. Creating new map and Adding data into it

1. Click New map button frame or platform. 2. Click on Add data button . in standard toolbar. You will get one new

3. Select State.shp file and click on Add button. 4. State layer will be displayed in map view. 5. Repeat step 2 to 4 to add other .shp files. 6. You can change the name of layer and data frame according to your requirement by clicking on them or by pressing F2. 7. The added layers give the states of Germany, Highway etc. 8. Now you can prepare the map from the data availability.

2. Creating new data frame and adding data into it

1. Click on Insert menu. 2. Click Data Frame. New data frame is created and activated in TOC. Observe no previous layers are displayed. Think why? Because you have to activate the data frame by selecting the data frame > Right click> Activate 3. Rename it as states. 4. Add the data of state.shp 5. Observe, no matter what sequence you add these data, line type layer is shown on top of data frame and then polygon and then raster. ArcMap intuitively places layers in such logical hierarchy. 6. Click on the save button and you can save your map document as my_first_map in your folder

3. Creating a New Group Layer

1. Right click on data frame. 2. Click on New Group Layer. 3. New empty group layer is created. 4. Rename group layer as Germany. 5. Right click on Germany group layer. 6. Click Add Data. You can add data in this new layer. Now save the data.

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4. Optional practice
Play around with layers and data frames in TOC. Try to find some new idea from there.

2. Introduction to ArcCatalog
In this exercise, you will get familiar with the interface of the ArcCatalog. ArcCatalog is spatial data organizer that you can use to create, model and modify your spatial database. ArcCatalog helps you to organize and manage these various datasets and documents in both file-based workspaces and in geodatabases. Some idea about ArcCatalog is given in this exercise. The ArcCatalog application provides the necessary tools, which allow you to Browse and find geographic information. Record, view, and manage metadata. Define, export, and import geodatabase data models and datasets. Search for and discover GIS data on local networks and the Web. Create and manage the schemas of geodatabases. Administer ArcSDE geodatabases. Administer an ArcGIS server. Hence Arc catalog has the similar performance as the window explorer where we can manage, access, explore the existing geographic data.

Exercise 1: Starting with ArcCatalog

1. Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar. 2. Click on Programs>> ArcGIS>>ArcCatalog. 3. The ArcCatalog window will appear. 4. You can also start ArcCatalog by clicking the ArcCatalog button on the Standard toolbar from ArcMap, ArcScene

and ArcGlobe window.

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E S G B 5. You can browse the data by clicking on the plus sign as shown in the right side. 6. Here you can check the already prepared map, data in this ArcCatalog. 7. You can copy and paste your required data in the workspace of ArcCatalog. in catalog tree

Fig: Window screen of ArcCatalog

Exercise 2: Connecting to folder

In this section you will connect to your workspace so that you dont have to go all the way down the folder structure to locate your data every time you need to access it. 1. Click on Connect to Folder 3. Click Ok. Folder connection has now been created and can be found in catalog tree. if you need to disconnect the folder connection simply right click on the folder connection you wish to remove and click on Disconnect Folder. button located in a standard toolbar.

2. Locate your workspace, where do you want to save the data.

Exercise 3: Exploring data

Each of the Catalogs three tabs provides a different way to explore the contents of the selected item in the Catalog tree. Within each tab there

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E S G B are different views that let you change the appearance of the selected items contents. The Contents tab lists the items contained by the selected item in the Catalog tree, for example, the items in a folder. When a data source such as a shapefile is selected, the Preview tab lets you see the geographic or attribute data it contains. The Metadata tab lets you see documentation describing the items contents.

1. Content Tab
When you select items, such as folders or geodatabases in the Catalog tree, the Contents tab lists the items they contain. To change the appearance of the Contents list, use the appropriate buttons on the Standard toolbar.

1. In the catalog tree, select the Practical folder within your workspace. 2. Click on detail view. 3. Observe the type of the data and icon that represents it.

2. Preview Tab
The Preview tab lets you explore the selected items data in either Geography or Table view. For items containing both geographic data and tabular attributes, you can toggle between the Geography and Table views using the dropdown list at the bottom of the Preview tab. Note: Go to the Germany Shape file. There you can go Germany Shape file folder. Inside the folder, there you can see the spatial analysis.gdb data. After opening that data, u can see in tabulated form. 1. Select one of the spatial data. 2. Click on the Preview tab. 3. Geography preview is active by default. You can use Geography toolbar to explore the data in preview data.

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4. Experiment with each tool: a. Zoom In tool lets you zoom in to observe the data more closely in larger extent. You can either click or drag a mouse on a preview to create a box to zoom in. b. Zoom Out will reduce the extent. c. Pan lets you shit the view. Simply click and drag to pan. d. Full Extent will reset your preview to spatial datas original extent. e. Identify will let you examine the attributes of features. Click on a feature you wish to examine. Dialog box will appear showing the attributes of the feature.

5. Click on Table preview. Table is made of rows and columns. Column in table is a type of attribute feature class contains and is known as field. Rows on the other hand are a features attribute and is known as entity.

6. Explore the tables values using the buttons at the bottom of the table. Once you click in the table you can also use the arrow keys on the keyboard. Current records object ID field will be highlighted.

7. Now, select spatial analysis.gdb table located within GIS_Practice folder. 8. Right-click the heading of the Primary column and click Freeze/Unfreeze Column. The Primary column is frozen in position at the left of the table, and a heavy black line appears to its right.

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E S G B 9. Scroll horizontally through the table. The Primary column stays in place
while the other columns scroll normally. Place the Type column to the right of the Primary column. 10. Position the mouse pointer over the right edge of the Primary columns heading. The mouse pointer changes. 11. Click and drag the edge of the Primary columns heading to the left. The red line indicates the edges original position, while the black line shows its new location. Drop the edge of the column. The column is narrower. 12. Follow the step 8 to 11 for Type column. 13. Right-click the heading of the Primary column and click Sort Descending. The rows in the table are sorted alphabetically in descending order by the values in Primary column.

Practical No: 3: Working with Geodatabase

Introduction:
In this exercise, you will get idea about how to create new personal geodatabase and populate existing spatial data into geo-database. You will learn more detail about creating new feature classes and populating data into it when you will learn to work with editing tools of ArcMap.

Copying the data into you working folder:

First you need to make a copy of data for exercise into your working folder (D:/Users/<your_name>). 1. Open ArcCatalog 2. Go to D:\ Data_Training_GIS folder 3. Copy the folder working_with_Gdb 4. Paste it in your working directory

Exercise 1: Creating personal Geo-database

The first step in creating a geo-database is to create the database itself using ArcCatalog. Creating a new personal geodatabase involves creating a new .mdb file on disk. 1. Explore to <your working directory>\working_with_Gdb folder 2. Right-click on working_with_Gdb. This is where you want to create the new personal geo-database.

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E S G B 3. Right click>> New>> Personal Geo-database. 4. ArcCatalog creates a new personal geo-database in the location you selected and sets its name to edit mode. 5. Type a new name my_gdb for this personal geo-database. 6. Press Enter.

Exercise 2: Exploring existing data

There are varieties of spatial data existing in your working folder named as lake, state etc. Notice that each data represents different spatial objects existing in reality.

Exercise 3: Create new empty feature datasets

1. Right-click the newly created database in the ArcCatalog tree 2. Go to New >>Feature Dataset. 3. Type a name new_feature for the feature dataset. 4. Click Edit to define the feature datasets spatial reference. New windows interface will appear for defining spatial reference. 5. Click import button. 6. Browse to your working folder and select state shapefile. 7. Click Add. 8. Click Apply and then Ok. 9. Click Ok to create new empty feature dataset. This dataset will accumulate City, State, Highway, Lake and River in feature dataset after importing data into feature class.

Exercise 4: Importing shapefiles to geodatabase

Once the feature datasets are created, you need to import the shapefiles into corresponding feature datasets. 1. Right-click on feature dataset new_feature. 2. Click on import. 3. Click feature class (multiple).

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E S G B 4. Click the open button and browse to your working directory. 5. Select state, lake and city while pressing cntrl key. 6. Click on Add. 7. Verify the output geo-database location. 8. Click Ok. 9. Repeat steps 1 to 8 for other feature datasets with exception you chose feature class (single) in step 3.

Practical No 4: Working with Symbology

Exercise 1: Exploring data in ArcMap
Once you have working copy of data, find map document symbology1.mxd and double click it. Observe, ArcMap will open automatically and will show content of the map document you just opened. 1. Observe that each layer has some distinct information in TOC. a. Layer name b. Symbol that represents it in map. c. Type of feature class (point, line or polygon) 2. Also observe the way it has been ordered in TOC and how it is displayed in data view.

Exercise 2: Working with single symbol

In this section you will learn to work with color palettes and symbol selector. You will set the color, boundary and transparency for flood polygon layer.

I. Working with color palette

1. Click on the symbol of state polygon layer. 2. Right click on the symbol of flood polygon. 3. Color palette will appear where you can choose color to represent the polygon in view. Choose the color marked by red square in diagram at right.

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E S G B 4. Observe, state polygon layer is represented by color that you just assigned
to it.

II. Working with symbol Selector

1. Left click on flood polygon symbol. 2. You can select either predefined color symbols or you can define custom symbol by selecting the colors and outlines. 3. In outline color, click on the color palette and select no color. 4. Click Ok.

III. Setting Transparency for polygon

Observe, state polygon is place in top. This is in contrast with the order of layers. Sometimes, it is necessary to view the image map at the back side. So transparency is also one of the important parameter. 1. Right click on state polygon layer. 2. Click on properties. 3. You will see number of tabs in a properties dialog box. Click on display tab. 4. Transparent text area is by default set to 0% i.e. layer is opaque. 5. Type 30 in transparent text field. 6. Click Apply and Ok. 7. Observer now flood polygon is 30% transparent. The transparency should put according to your requirement.

Exercise 3: Working with Unique Value Symbol

1. Turn off the state polygon layer. 2. Now open the layer properties dialog box for Lake Layer. 3. Click on Symbology tab. 4. Click on categories>>unique values.

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E S G B 5. Select Name in value field combo. 6. Select Color scheme you prefer. 7. Click Add All Values button. If you dont like the order of colors assigned click add all values button again. Observe, order of scheme will change randomly with each click. 8. Click Apply and Ok. 9. If you dont like any symbol color then you can right click on it and change it.

Exercise 4: Classify the census block groups

Data can be classified using several techniques including manual, equal interval, defined interval, quantile, natural breaks (Jenks), and standard deviation. In this step you will use the natural breaks and quantile classification methods to classify the census block groups based on a quantitative field. You will symbolize the census block groups based on their population of five year-olds. 1. Open Germany.mxd map document located within Quantitative folder. 2. Click on Symbology tab. 3. Click on Quantities>>. 4. Select Color, symbols etc scheme you prefer. 5. Here , it gives the natural classification. 6. Click Apply and Ok.

Exercise 5: Working with classes

1. Double-click Census Block Groups. 2. Click the Symbology tab, if necessary. 3. Click Classify. 4. Next, classify the census block groups based on a quantile classification.

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E S G B 5. For Method, click on Quantile. 6. Click the Exclusion button. 7. For the selection statement, either build or type the expression "Population" = 10000 8. On the Data Exclusion Properties dialog, click the Legend tab. 9. Click the Show symbol for excluded data check box. 10.Click the Symbol button. 11.On the Symbol Selector dialog, choose the Hollow symbol from the scrolling list of symbols, and then click OK. 12.On the Data Exclusion Properties dialog, for Label, type No data recorded. 13.Click OK on the Data Exclusion Properties dialog. 14.Click OK on the Classification dialog. 15.Click the 'Show class ranges using feature values' box.

Practical No 5: RELATING AND JOINING TABLES

In addition to the variety of spatial data formats supported by ArcGis, you also need to be familiar with their associated tabular attribute formats. In exploring various formats, this exercise will show you how to merge tables through

relates and joins.

Exercise 1: Copying the data to your workspace

1. Open ArcCatalog 2. Locate Working_with_table folder within data folder. 3. Copy it and paste in your working directory.

Exercise 2: Exploring tables

In this exercise, try to find the common content in the attribute table and join and relate them. 1. In the Arc Map, add the .shp file of City.shp and state. 2. Open the attribute table of both .shp file. For this

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E S G B 3. Right click>>Open attribute table 4. Preview table and try to find out the common term from table. 5. Here you can see the both the common term as state name, if you see carefully. Note the fields and values of the table in the Preview window.

Exercise 3: Joining the tables

In this exercise, you are going to join two attribute tables of .shp file of City.shp and state.shp file. For this 1. 2. 3. 4. In the Arc Map, add select the state.shp file Right click>>Join and Relates>>Join Join the state with city as shown in fig in right side. You will see the table like below and try to find out the common term 5. Click OK.

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Exercise 4: Relating the tables

1. In the Arc Map, add select the state.shp file 2. Right click>>Join and Relates>>Relate 3. Join the state with city as shown in fig in right side. 4. Relate the common term like FID of both the data, which wants to be relate 5. Click OK. Note: In this term, you can visualize the related table like Join; it only works, whenever it is required.

Exercise 5: Query the table

1. Open attribute tables of state and city. 2. Place it on screen such that you can see both tables at same time. 3. Select any row from your attribute table. 4. Click Options menu at the bottom of the table. 5. Click on related table. It will show the related table. 6. Click on the relate1:City 7. It will show the related table. 8. Close all attribute tables.

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Exercise 6: Modify the appearance of the joined table

To make the joined table easier to read, you will turn off several of the fields. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Open the attribute table. Select the field you want to turn off. Right click on the table>>Turn Field off The selected field will be hidden. Click OK. To turn on the field, click on the Option tab on the button>> Right Click>> Turn all field. After then all the hidden field can be visible on the attribute table.

Practical No 6: Working with Labels

In this exercise, you will learn how to put labels for layers along with different ways you can manipulate the label display. You will learn to create annotation in Capturing Data module.

Exercise 1: Add data

1. Open ArcMap. 2. Add following data from working_with_tables folder. 3. Symbolize layers such that all features are distinct in data view.

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Exercise 2: Labeling line type layers

In this section you will work with Highway layer and label is based on its name. 1. Right click on Highway layer. 2. Click on Label features. 3. Observe that label texts are displayed in map. However, all the highway features are not labeled because the view extent was not enough to distinctly place label for all features. 4. Zoom in. Observer that unplaced labels are now displayed. 5. Open Highway layer properties dialog box. 6. Click on Labels tab. 7. On the label field option, select Name. Optionally, change the fonts. 8. Press Ok. Highway name is now displayed as label.

Exercise 3: Working with Query of data

Label can be displayed in the map. Sometimes if we need information about only few data, then this query option can be applied. For example Highway layer is selected for the query. 1. Open the properties dialog box of Highway layer. 2. Click on Definition Query tab>>Query Builder button. 3. On the Fields list, double click on Name field. 4. Click Get Unique Values button. 5. Put the value like "NAME" = 'A1/A48/E44' in the dialog box. 6. Click Ok to close query builder dialog box. 7. Click Apply and Ok of layer properties dialog box. 8. Observe that only 'A1/A48/E44' highway is displayed on the map. Now you will, symbolize the street layer and work with placement option. 1. Open layer properties dialog box. 2. Click on Labels tab>>Placement Properties. 3. Select Orientation=Curved and Position=Above. 4. Select Place one label per feature option. 5. Click Ok to close placement option dialog box. 6. Click Apply and Ok on layer properties dialog box.

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E S G B Observe that labels are placed along the curve of the line and above the line. Now, try working with various other options available.

Exercise 4: Displaying labels differently

Till now, you learned to display labels for all features with single style. Labels can be displayed differently for same feature class based on certain criteria. Each set of features meeting a criterion is grouped into a class and labeling options for each class is assigned. You will now set the labeling options differently for each Highway type. 1. Turn off the labels by un-checking label features in Highway layers context menu. 2. In street layers properties, click on query definition tab. 3. Delete the condition you have assigned in exercise 3. 4. Click Apply. 5. Click on Labels tab. 6. Select Define classes of feature and label each class differently option. 7. Click Add button to add new class. 8. Type HWY in class name text area. 9. Click Ok. 10.Click SQL Query button. 11.Compose criteria as [TYPE] =HWY. 12.Click Ok. 13.Select font, color and size. 14.In class list, select default class and click delete. 15.Click Add button to add new class if you want to add new class.

Practical No 7: Designing a map in layout

1. Add all the data required on the map that will be needed to design the map. 2. Set the map unit of your data frame. right click on dataframe select properties Select general tab

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E S G B Set map unit and display unit

3. Label the feature 4. To change the font, colour, size, styles Right clicking on the layer Select properties Select label tab

5. Apply layout by clicking below the map window 6. Set the page set Click file Select page and print setup

7. Select the map 8. Right click on the map 9. Click distribute 10.Select fit to margin 11.insert legend ,north arrow and scale bar

Exercise 1: Legend

Insert

1. Click insert 2. Select legend 3. Set no. of column in legend 4. Check for preview 5. If acceptable then finish 6. Place on the map

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Exercise 2: Insert North Arrow

1. Click insert 2. Click north arrow 3. Select north arrow from the north arrow selector window 4. Ok 5. Place on the map with desired size and location.

Exercise 3: Insert scale bar

1. Click insert 2. Click scale bar 3. Select Scalebar from scale bar selector

Exercise 4: Insert outline and Background colour

1. 2. 3. 4. Right click dataframe Click properties Select frame tab Assign background and outline colour

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ESG B

Exercise 5: Draw grid on the map

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Right click on Data frame Click properties Select grid Click on new button Click on measure grid Assign value according to your desire before clicking next.

[31]

Now you can save your file either in arcmap document (.mxd) or in other format

Practical No 8: Georeferencing and Digitizing

Georeferencing is defined as to give the accurate position of map according to the co-ordinate system.

Exercise 1: Georeferencing a Raster Image

1. Copy some image files into your folder from E:\GIS_Practice\Data_for_Practice\georeferencing 2. Start ArcMap 3. Add the raster dataset you want to georeference 4. View, Toolbar, Georeferencing 5. Fix the toolbar above the map window 6. Click on Georeference, Fit to Display 7. Click on the Add Control Point 8. Click on the raster image where you want to fix the control point 9. Right click and Input X & Y If you click by mistake, press Esc or Georeferencing, Delete Control points 10.Click on Zoom to full extent 11.Repeat the same process for 3 other points 12.Click on View Link table in the georeference Toolbar 13.Observe the Total Root Mean Square. It must be less than 1. Otherwise repeat the process 14.To repeat, first Click on Georeference, Delete Control Point 15.Once you are happy with the control points, click on Georeferencing, Update Georeferencing 16.It will generate a corresponding file with JGW extension 17.Now this image can be used in any GIS software. 18.Now start digitizing. The map is in scale.

Exercise 2: Digitizing Features:

Digitizing means to prepare the vector data in the GIS map In Arc Catalog, go to your folder and right click, New, Shape file Name: Feature type: Point, Line or Polygon Edit Import: If you already have any project feature an look for a projected feature class, OK For new one Selected: Geographic Coordinate System, Asia, Everest 1830 New: Projected Coordinate System o Name: Modified UTM o Projection: Transverse Mercator o Parameters False Easting: 500000 False Northing: 0

Central meridian: 84 Scale factor: 0.9999 Latitude of origin: 0 Linear Unit o Name: Meter Geographic Coordinate System Select o Asia: Everest 1830

Create different shape files you wish to digitize. Add this layer in the ArcMap in the same frame where you have georeferenced.

Exercise 3: Start Digitizing Polygon

Load polygon shape file 1. Zoom the area where you wish to capture 2. Make sure Editor Toolbar is on. If not go to view, toolbar, editor 3. Click on Editor , Start Editing o Task: Create New Feature o Target: Polygon layer 4. Editor, snapping o Vertex, Edge, End or o While digitizing you may use right click for options o Snap to feature Endpoint Vertex Midpoint Edge o Absolute x,y Allows you to specify coordinates If you have finished digitizing press F2 to finis sketch o Right click on the vertex for options Delete vertex Move Move to Delete sketch 5. Editor, Option, General Tab o Snapping tolerance o Map units o Use the measure tool and estimate on the screen how much Tolerance will be appropriate 6. Use sketch tool to start digitizing Classifying polygons: 1. 2. 3. 4. Stay in editing mode. Click on Attribute button Use Select Feature tool to select feature Provide corresponding classes

Exercise 4: Digitizing line features:

1. Create all necessary features in ArcCatalog 2. Add corresponding features in ArcMap 3. Click on Editor, Start Editing a. Task: Create New Feature b. Target: Road 4. Start digitizing road with sketch tool 5. Use snapping if necessary 6. Select feature by Edit tool and move the arrow near to the line 7. Notice + sign and drag it to move 8. Classify different features.

Exercise 5: Digitizing points:

1. Create all necessary features in ArcCatalog 2. Add corresponding features in ArcMap 3. Click on Editor, Start Editing a. Task: Create New Feature b. Target: Point 4. Start digitizing road with sketch tool 5. Select feature by Edit tool and move the arrow near to the line 6. Notice + sign and drag it to move 7. Classify different features.

Practical No 9: Editing data

(Practice again n prepare Parcel map)

Exercise 1: Edit Features with the Editor Toolbar

In this exercise, you will modify an existing parcel base map. You will learn how to use a variety of the tools available on the Editor Toolbar.

Step 1: Start Arcmap and Load the Data

1. Copy Capture_Data folder into your working directory. 2. Start ArcMap. If the startup dialog appears, click OK. 3. Click the Add Data button personal geodatabase. Click Subdivision Parcels and click Add. and navigate to the Subdivdivision.mdb

The SubdivisionParcels layer contains eight parcels.

Step 2: Open the Editor Toolbar and Start an Edit Session

Before you can start an edit session, you must display the Editor Toolbar. 1. Click the Editing button on the Standard toolbar to add the Editor Toolbar. If you like, dock the toolbar.

Notice that all of the buttons on the Editing toolbar are disabled because you haven't started an edit session. 2. From the Editor menu on the Editor Toolbar, click Start Editing.

Step 3: Select and Move a Parcel

First, you will use the Edit button. The Edit button is the primary tool for selecting and moving features and manipulating vertices. 1. Click the Edit button. 2. Click on the parcel in the northeast corner.

The parcel is highlighted and your mouse pointer changes to indicate that you can drag the feature. Notice that several buttons are now enabled on the Editor Toolbar. 3. Click and drag the parcel to the right of the other parcels.

[NOTE: If you drag the parcel outside the extent of the map, follow these steps:
from the View menu, point to Zoom Data, then click Fixed Zoom Out until you can see the feature.]

Step 4: Rotate a Feature

Next, you will rotate the selected parcel. The parcel will rotate around its selection anchor (the 'X' in the center of the parcel). If you docked the Editing toolbar, you may have to enlarge the ArcMap window to see the Rotate button. 1. Click the Rotate button. 2. Click and drag anywhere in the display to rotate the feature around its selection anchor.

Step 5: Move the Feature's Selection Anchor

You can move the selection anchor to see how the anchor affects the rotation of the feature.

1. Hold your mouse pointer over the selection anchor until its icon changes. Click and drag the selection anchor to a new location outside of the feature, slightly down and to the left. Rotate the parcel again.

Step 6: Specify a Rotation Angle

You can rotate a feature by specifying an angle. The angle is relative to the feature being rotated and is specified in degrees. A positive angle rotates the feature to the right; a negative angle rotates the feature to the left. 1. Press A on the keyboard. 2. Type 45 and press Enter to rotate the feature 45 degrees.

Step 7: Move a Vertex

You can use the Edit button to move a vertex. 1. Click the Edit button. 2. Double-click on the parcel that you've been editing. The parcel's sketch shows you the location of its vertices and segments.

3. Move your mouse pointer over the lower-left vertex. Click and drag the vertex to a new location. The lines showing the new shape are part of the sketch.

Step 8: Delete a Vertex

You can modify vertices quickly using the context menu that appears when you right click on a sketch. 1. Move your mouse pointer over the upper-left vertex. Right-click to access the context menu, and then click Delete Vertex. Your sketch should resemble the one below, but if yours is different, do not worry.

Step 9: Add a Vertex

In addition to moving and deleting vertices, you can add vertices. 1. Move your mouse pointer over the bottom line of the sketch. Right-click to open the context menu and click Insert Vertex.

2. Click anywhere away from the sketch to finish editing its vertices.

Step 10: Delete the Parcel

1. Select the parcel by clicking on it. On the Standard toolbar, click the Delete button, or press Delete on the keyboard. The parcel is deleted.

Step 11: Save Changes and Exit Arcmap

1. From the Editor menu, click Stop Editing. 2. Click Yes when prompted to save changes. 3. From the File menu, click Exit. Click No when prompted to save the map document. In the next steps you will learn more about working with sketches. You will set snapping, use sketching options such as parallel and perpendicular, and experiment with tools that work in conjunction with the Sketch tool.

Step 12: Create a Feature Using the Sketch Tool

In this step you will create new features using the Sketch tool. The snapping environment will help you create features. Before using Sketch tool, you will set the snapping properties. 1. Click Editor > Snapping For each layer there are three snapping option: Vertex, Edge and End. Vertex snapping snaps to the vertices of features. Edge snapping snaps to any part of the lines in the layer, and is not influenced by vertices. End snapping snaps to the endpoints of lines. You will set the snapping properties to snap to vertices. 2. Check the Vertex box 3. Adjust the size and position of the Snapping Environment window. You will use it for the rest of this exercise. Now use the snap tolerance 4. Click Editor > Options. 5. For Snapping tolerance, type 10 6. For Snapping units, click pixels 7. Click OK. Now you will use the Sketch tool to create a new feature. The Sketch tool works in conjuction with the current task shown in the Task control. In the example shown below, the Sketch tool creates a new feature.

Sketch tool

Task

(No changes based on task) Now use the Sketch tool to create a new parcel resembling the one you edited earlier. 8. Click the Sketch tool button.

9. Click to add the first three vertices in the order shown by the numbers below.

You will add one more vertex to create the eastern segment of the parcel. The segment should be parallel to the eastern boundary of the southeast parcel and should be 30 meters long as shown below.

Length = 30 Meters Parallel to this boundary line

10.Move your pointer over the eastern boundary line of the southeast parcel. Right-click 11.Click Parallel

Parallel, Perpendicular, and Segment Deflection reference the feature you are holding the pointer over when you display the context menu. 12.Move the pointer toward the location of the next vertex.

13.Press Ctrl-L on the keyboard to enter a length for the segment. 14.Type 30 and press Enter. Finally, finish the sketch. 15.Right-click and click Finish Sketch Your parcels should resemble the one below.

Step 13: Add a Feature Using More Sketch Option

In this step you will add a waterline for the subdivision. 1. From the Subdivision geo database, add the Lines layer to your map. 2. If necessary, zoom out to see the entire water main.

Task

Target Layer

To create new features use the Crete New Feature task. The Create New Feature task works in conjunction with the target layer. When new feature are created, they are added to the target layer. The target layer only affects the creation of new features; you can still edit and any features in editable layers of the map. The target layer stores new features created by the Create New Feature task, Buffer command, Division command, Copy Parallel command, Paste command, and other commands that create new features. You will use the Sketch tool to create new features in the Lines layer. 3. For Target Layer, click Lines. 4. In the Snapping Environment window, add vertex and edge snapping for the lines and remove vertex snapping for Subdivisions Parcels. Next, add a waterline for subdivision. The existing line is oriented along the through street to the right of the subdivision. The new water main branches off from the existing line (toward the cu-de-sac) 65 meters from the last junction. The new line in 95 meters long and is perpendicular to the existing line. You finished waterline should resemble the one below.

New water main (95 meters)

65 M

To create a waterline that branches off from the existing waterline at a distance of 65 meters, add a segment 65 meters long along the exiting line. Then add the segment that branches into the subdivision. After you add the branching segment, you will delete the first segment along the existing waterline. 5. Click the Sketch tool. 6. Click to add the first vertex at the top of the existing line (along the through street)

7. Move the pointer along the waterline and right-click 8. Click Direction/Length 9. In the input box on the right (Length) type 65 and press Enter.

Next, add the segment that branches off the existing water main toward the culde-sac. 10.Hold your pointer over the existing main and right-click 11.Click Perpendicular

12.Move your pointer toward the subdivision and right-click 13.Click Length 14.Type 95 and press Enter Now that you have the branching segment, delete the first segment along the existing waterline. 15.Hold your pointer over the first vertex of the sketch and right-click. 16.Click Delete Vertex 17.Right-click and click Finish Sketch. You should have a waterline going through the center of the cul-de-sac.

Step 14: Use Multiple Sketch Tools

Four buttons work in conjunction with the Sketch tool button: the Arc button, the DistanceDistance button, the Intersection button, and the Trace button. These buttons are available by clicking the Down arrow next to the Sketch tool button. The Arc button creates circular arc segments for the current sketch. These arc segments are true curves with vertices at the beginning and end of the arc segment. The Distance-Distance button finds two possible locations given the distance from two fixed points, and you can then pick which location to use in the sketch. The Intersection button finds the implied intersection of two lines. The trace button allows you to trace along or at a specified offset from selected features.

Sketch

Arc

Distance -Distance

Intersection Trace
You will create a parcel with a starting point 55 meters from the southeast lot corner and 40 meters from the northeast log corner. When you have finished your work, your parcel should resemble the one below. 40 Meters

New parcel 55 Meters

1. Turn off vertex and edge snapping for lines. 2. Turn on vertex snapping for SubdivisionParcels 3. Click the Distance-Distance button 4. Click the northeast

The Distance-Distance button lets you define distances using the mouse, or by typing an explicit distance. If you choose to define the distance with the mouse, the distance is reported in the ArcMap message area in the lower-left corner of the application. Northeast corner

In this step you will type an explicit distance. The R and D (radius and Distance) keys on the keyboard allow you to type an explicit distance.

1. Press R on the keyboard 2. Type 40 and press Enter 3. Click the southeast lot corner

Southeast lot corner 4. Press D on the keyboard 5. Type 55 and press Enter After Distance-Distance specifies the two distances, you must pick the most appropriate location. 6. Click the location of the other parcels

7. Turn off Vertex snapping for SubDivisionParcels 8. Click the sketch tool 9. Using the skills you have just learned, add a 30-meters long segment parallel to the waterline along the through street.

10.Turn on snapping for Perpendicular to sketch At the bottom of the Snapping Environment window are three check boxes labeled Perpendicular to sketch, Edit sketch edges, and Edit sketch vertices. These three snapping environments only apply to the current sketch. 11.Add the north boundary of the parcel perpendicular to the last segment 12.Add the east boundary of the parcel perpendicular to the last segment. 13.Turn off Perpendicular to sketch snapping. 14.Right-click and click Finish Sketch. Next, add another parcel. This parcel needs to be aligned with the west boundary of the parcel you just created and with the south border of the existing parcel. When finished, if should resemble the parcel shown below: To create a starting point of the parcel, find the intersection of two lines. 55 Meters New Parcel

15.Click the Intersection button

16.Hold your pointer over the west boundary of the parcel you just created.

17.Click to select the first line segment. 18.Hold your pointer over the south boundary of the existing parcels.

19.Click to select your second segment Next define the ending vertex for the first segment by specifying an explicit X, Y coordinate location. 20.Click the Sketch tool button. 21.Move the pointer away from the first point and right-click 22.Click Absolute XY 23.For the X value, type 483320 24.For the Y value, type 3765542 and press Enter You can also define the ending vertex for a segment by specifying a change in the X and Y directions relative to the last vertex. 25.Move the pointer away from the last point and right-click 26.Click Delta XY. 27.For the X value, type 35 28.For the Y value, type 5 and press Enter Finally, add the last segment and finish the sketch 29.Add the last segment perpendicular to the previous segment. 30.Right-click and click Finish sketch.

Step 15: Stop Editing and Exit Arcmap

1. From the Editor menu, click Stop Editing. Do not save your edits 2. You can now quit ArcMap.

Practical No 10: Geoprocessing and Data Analysis

Exercise No 1: Merge
It will help to merge the point line, polygon dataset in one dataset file. Note that in the Raster dataset, the data will merge horizontally. Steps: 1. Add the data District1.shp and District2.shp file in the .mxd file. 2. Go to ArcToolbox>> Data Management tools>> General>> Merge 3. Input the datasets, which has to be merged. 4. In the Field map, you can add and remove the field according to your requirement. 5. Then Merge the file by clicking in Ok button

+
Fig: Merge of polygon data

Exercise No 2: Clip
It helps to clip the image. It helps to cut out the unnecessary part of the raster dataset. Steps:

1. Add the raster dataset Map1.jpg file in the .mxd file, which has to be clipped. 2. Then open the tool box>> Data Management tools 3. Then go to Raster 4. Raster Processing>> Clip 5. Input the data, which has to be clipped 6. Give the Maximum value of X and Y ordinate till which the map has to be clipped 7. Then click Ok

Fig: Before Clipping

> >

Fig: After Clipping

Exercise No 3: Dissolve
1. Add the Vector dataset district1.shp file in .mxd file 2. Select the polygons, which has to be dissolved in one single polygon 3. Open Toolbox 4. Go to Generalization>>Dissolve 5. Then it will convert the selected polygons into one polygon, if it has the same properties, otherwise it will not dissolve the dataset.

Exercise No 4: Buffer
It helps to create buffer zone according to required distance 1. Add the Vector dataset District1.shp file in .mxd file 2. Open toolbox

3. Go to Analysis Tools>> Proximity >> Buffer 4. Give the input feature, of which the buffer zone has to be created 5. Give the Linear Unit= 50 m that, we want to create the buffer zone of 50 metres 6. Click Ok 7. The Buffer zone will be created.

Exercise No 5: Union
This tool computes a geometric intersection of the Input Features. All features will be written to the Output Feature Class with the attributes from the Input Features, which it overlaps. 1. Create the shape file of polygon features 2. Prepare the two overlapping polygons in the file 3. Then open the tool box 4. Go to Analysis Tools>> Overlay>>Union 5. Input the dataset which has to be union 6. Click Ok 7. It separates all the polygons, which are overlapped features.

Exercise No 6: Intersection
It gives the intersected features only. 1. Create the shape file of polygon features 2. Prepare the two overlapping polygons in the file 3. Then open the tool box 4. Go to Analysis Tools>> Overlay>>Intersect 5. Input the dataset which has to be intersected 6. Click Ok 7. It gives the result of only intersected features dataset.

Practical No 11: Creating Raster Data

1. Open Tool box>>Raster>> Create Raster Dataset 2. Give the location like .mdb dataset or .gbd dataset to store the raster file 3. Give the name with extension 4. Give the pixel size 5. It will create empty raster dataset. 6. Then here you can import the raster data.

Practical No 12: 3D creation

For the calculation, analyzing and doing any type of work in the 3D platform, first of all you have to check the 3D Analyst tool bar. 1. Then Click on Tools>> Extensions 2. Click or check on 3D analyst Box. Now the work can start.

Exercise 1: Contour Creation

Contour lines are used to know about the ground features in height. 1. The contour can be created from the raster data according to requirement of contour interval. 2. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis>> Contour 3. Give the Input Surface= Bagmati.dem 4. Contour Interval= 50 m 5. Z Factor= 1 (for same unit in X, Y, Z) 6. Output Feature = Save the file at appropriate place 7. Click OK

For the labeling of contour lines

1. Check on Labeling Tool bar 2. Click the Label Manager Button on the Labeling toolbar.

3. Click on option>> Select All>> Ok

Exercise 2: Tin Creation

For the Tin creation, you need to have the contour raster dataset or vector data containing elevation. 1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Create/Modify Tin 2. Then click on Create Tin from Features 3. Click On Layer= Contour data 4. Output Tin= Save you file in fixed folder 5. Click Ok 6. Tin will be created

Exercise 3: Tin to DEM Creation

1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Convert 2. Click on Tin to Raster 3. Attribute= Elevation 4. Save the file in a folder 5. Click Ok

Practical No 13: Raster Function

Exercise1: Slope
The Slope tool calculates the maximum rate of change between each cell and its neighbors. The lower the slope value, the flatter the terrain; the higher the slope value, the steeper the terrain. 1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis >> Slope 2. Input Surface= Should be raster data 3. Save the file in folder 4. Click Ok

Exercise2: Aspect
Aspect is the direction that a slope faces like North face, South-East etc. It identifies the steepest downslope direction at a location on a surface. 1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis >> Aspect 2. Input Surface= Should be raster data 3. Save the file in folder 4. Click Ok

Exercise3: Hill Shade

The Hillshade tool obtains the hypothetical illumination of a surface by determining illumination values for each cell in a raster. It can greatly enhance the visualization of a surface for analysis or graphical display 1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis >> Hill Shade 2. Input Surface= Should be raster data 3. Save the file in folder 4. Click Ok

Exercise4: View Shade

1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis >> View Shade 2. Input Surface= Should be raster data 3. Save the file in folder 4. Click Ok

Exercise5: Cut/Fill
1. Click on 3D Analyst>> Surface Analysis >> Cut/Fill 2. Input Surface= Should be raster data 3. Save the file in folder 4. Click Ok

Practical No 14: Watershed analysis

Exercise1: Fill
Fill command is to remove small imperfections in the data. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>>Fill 3. Give the input raster data set= Dem dataset 4. Output the data in Raster dataset 5. Click Ok

Exercise1: Flow Direction

Flow Direction command shows direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>>Flow Direction 3. Give the input raster data set= the data set result obtained from Fill data 4. Output the data in Raster dataset 5. Click Ok

Exercise3: Flow Accumulation

Flow Accumulation command creates a raster of accumulated flow to each cell. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>>Flow Accumulation 3. Give the input raster data set= The result data from flow direction 4. Output the data in Raster dataset 5. Click Ok

Exercise4: To apply condition for river network

1. Check on Spatial Analyst tool bar 2. Click on raster Calculator 3. Give the condition Streamnetwork = con ([fillflowacc] > 2000, 1) 4. Click Evaluate

Exercise5: Prepare the Intake shape file

The shape file of intake is prepared in ArcCatalog as point feature

Exercise6: Snap pour point

Snap pour point command is used to snap pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified distance. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>> Snap pour point 3. Give the input raster data set = Intake.shp 4. Input accumulation Raster = FlowAcc_Flow1 5. Snap Distance = 500 6. Click Ok

Exercise7: To calculate Watershed

Watershed command determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a raster. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>> Watershed 3. Give the input flow direction raster data set = FlowDir_Fill1 4. Input Raster or feature pour point data = SnapPou_Inta1 5. Save the file in a folder 6. Click Ok

Note: or Alternative way after snap Pour Point

Exercise8: To find the stream link

Stream link command assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between intersections. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>> Stream Link 3. Give the input stream raster data set= con_ flowacc_1. 4. Input flow direction Raster = FlowDir_fill 5. Output the data in Raster dataset 6. Click Ok

Exercise9: To find the stream order

Stream order command assigns a numeric order to segments of a raster representing branches of a linear network. 1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>> Stream Order 3. Give the input stream raster data set= stream_con 4. Input flow direction Raster = FlowDir_fill 5. Click Ok

Exercise10: To find the stream to feature

1. Open Arc Toolbox 2. Go to Spatial Analyst tools>> Hydrology>> Stream to feature 3. Give the input stream raster data set= streamO_stre1 4. Input flow direction Raster = FlowDir_fill 5. Click Ok

Practical No 15: To visualize /convert the excel data file in ArcGIS

1. Add the excel file in .mxd file by using Add Button 2. Go to the source of table of content 3. Right click on excel file and click on Display XY data 4. Give the value of X field and Y field as co-ordinate system 5. Then you will get the file as Event file 6. Export the Event data as .shp file 7. Now the data became shp file and this vector data can be used according to your requirement

Practical No 16: Converting features to 3D

How to create 3D features? Deriving the existing features' heights from a surface
1. Add the 2D features and the surface into Arc Map or Arc Scene. 2. Click 3D Analyst, point to Convert, and click Features to 3D. 3. Click the Input Features drop-down arrow and click the features that you want to convert to 3D.

4. Click the Raster or TIN Surface button to set the source for the features' heights. 5. Click the drop-down arrow and click the surface that you want to use. 6. Optionally, browse to the location where you want to save the output feature class or shape file. 7. Type the name of the output 3D feature class or shape file. 8. Click OK.

Deriving the existing features' heights using an attribute

1. Add the 2D features into Arc Map or Arc Scne. 2. Click 3D Analyst, point to Convert, and click Features to 3D. 3. Click the Input Features drop-down arrow and click the features that you want to convert to 3D. 4. Click the Input Feature Attribute button to set the source for the features' heights. 5. Click the Attribute that you want to use for the features' heights. 6. Optionally, browse to the location where you want to save the output feature class or shape file. 7. Type the name of the output 3D feature class or shape file. 8. Click OK.