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USTH, Course: Analysis, Integration and ODE
Lect. Sonnet Hng Q. Nguyen
Module 1: Differentiation and Applications
March 23, 2012
Problem 1. Use the definition of a derivative to show that if f(x) =
1
x
, then f

(x) =

1
x
2
.
Problem 2. Check for differentiability of the following functions:
a) f(x) =
_
xsin
_
1
x
_
if x = 0
0 if x = 0
b) f(x) =
_
x
2
exp(x
2
) if |x| 1
1
e
if |x| > 1.
Problem 3. Find the derivative of the function
a) f(x) = (x + 1)
3
(x
3
2x
2
+ x 1)
5
(sin(x
2
) + 1)
2
b) f(x) = (x
2
+ 1)
3

x
4
+ 2x
c) f(x) = tan(sin(cos(x)))
d) f(x) = x
x
x
2
+1
for x > 0.
Problem 4. Check for differentiability and calculate derivatives of the following func-
tions:
a)
1

x
1+

x
b)
n

k=1
1
k

x
c) x|x|
d) | cos(x)|
e) ln(x +

1 + x
2
)
f) 3

x
2
+ 4 ln |x|
g)
_
x +
_
x +

x
h) x
x
+ ln(x
2
+ 1).
Problem 5. Let
f(x) =
_
x
2
if x 2
ax + b if x > 2.
Find the values of a and b that make f differentiable everywhere.
Problem 6. Find y

if
a) x
3
+ y
3
= 6xy,
b) sin(x + y) = xy cos(x),
c) x
2
y
2
+ xsin(y) = 1.
Problem 7. Suppose f is one-to-one differentiable function and its inverse function
f
1
is also differentiable. Use implicit differentiation to show that
(f
1
)

(x) =
1
f

(f
1
(x))
provided that the denominator is not zero.
Problem 8. For f(x) = ln(x), we know that f

(x) =
1
x
. Thus f

(1) = 1. Use this fact

to show that
e = lim
x0
(1 + x)
1
x
.
Problem 9. Use the mean value theorem to prove the inequality
| sin a sin b| |a b|, for all a, b.
Problem 10. Find the nth derivative of each function by calculating the first few
derivatives and observing the pattern that occurs
a) f(x) = x
n
,
b) f(x) =
1
x+1
,
c) f(x) =
1
x
2
3x+2
,
d) f(x) =
1
x
2
+1
,
e) f(x) = sin(x),
f) f(x) = cos(x).
Problem 11. Let f(x) = |x
2
4|.
a) For what values of x is the function f differentiable? Find a formula for f

.
b) Sketch the graphs of f and f

.
Problem 12. Find an equation of the normal line to the parabola y = x
2
5x + 4
that is parallel to the line x 3y = 5.
Problem 13. In this exercise we estimate the rate at which the total personal income is
rising in the city A. In 2010, the population of this area was 984,400, and the population
was increasing at roughly 10,200 people per year. The average annual income was
$30,500 per capita, and this average was increasing at about $1,400 per year. Use the
Product Rule and these figures to estimate the rate at which total personal income was
rising in the city A in 2010. Explain the meaning of each term in the Product Rule.
Problem 14. A ladder 4m long rests against a vertical wall. Let be the angle between
the top of the ladder and the wall and let x be the distance from the bottom of the
ladder to the wall. If the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall, how fast does
x change with respect to when = /3?
Problem 15. Air is being pumped into a spherical weather balloon. At any time t,
the volume of the balloon is V (t) and its radius is r(t).
a) What do the derivatives dV/dr and dV/dt represent?
b) Express dV/dt in terms of dr/dt.
Problem 16. The half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years.
a) A sample of radium-226 has a mass of 10 mg. Find a formula for the mass of the
sample that remains after t years.
b) Find the mass after 1000 years correct to the nearest milligram.
c) When will the mass be reduced to 3 mg?
Problem 17. A water tank has the shape of an inverted circular cone with base radius
2 m and height 4 m. If water is being pumped into the tank at a rate of 1 m
3
/min,
find the rate at which the water level is rising when the water is 3 m deep.
Problem 18. Compare the values of y and dy if y = f(x) = x
3
+x
2
3x +1 and x
changes
a) from 2 to 2.05 and
b) from 2 to 2.01.
Problem 19. Between 0
o
C and 20
o
C, the volume (in cubic centimeters) of 1 kg of
water at a temperature T is given approximately by the formula
V (T) = 999.87 0.06426T + 0.0085043T
2
0.0000679T
3
.
Find the temperature at which water has its maximum density.
Problem 20. Prove that the function f(x) = x
11
+ x
6
+ x + 1 has neither a local
maximum nor a local minimum.
Problem 21. Suppose that f is differentiable on and has two roots. Show that f

has
at least one root.
Problem 22. Discuss the curve y = x
4
4x
3
with respect to concavity, points of
inflection, and local maxima and minima. Use this information to sketch the curve.
Problem 23. The family of bell-shaped curves
y =
1

2
e
(x)
2
/(2
2
)
occurs in probability and statistics, where it is called the normal density function.
The constant is called the mean and the positive constant is called the standard
deviation. For simplicity, lets scale the function so as to remove the factor
1

2
and
lets analyze the special case where = 0. So we study the function
f(x) = e
x
2
/(2
2
)
.
a) Find the asymptote, maximum value, and inflection points of f.
b) What role does play in the shape of the curve?
c) Illustrate by graphing four members of this family on the same screen.
Problem 24. f(x) =
_
e

1
x
2
if x = 0
0 if x = 0
a) Use the definition of derivative to compute f

(0).
b) Show that f has derivatives of all orders that are defined on R.
Problem 25. A cylindrical container with circular base is to hold 512 cm
3
. Find its
dimensions so that the amount (surface area) of metal required is a minimum when
the container is
a) an open cup and
b) a closed can.
Problem 26. The cost of fuel to run a locomotive is proportional to the square of
the speed and is 25 usd/h for a speed of 60 km/h. Other costs amount to 100 usd/h,
regardless of the speed. Find the speed that minimizes the cost per km.
Problem 27. Find the dimensions of the right circular cone of minimum volume V
that can be circumscribed about a sphere of radius 10 cm.
Problem 28. Evaluate
a) lim
x0
x+sin(3x)
xsin(3x)
b) lim
x0
exp(x)1
x
2
c) lim
x1
x
3
x
2
x+1
x
3
2x
2
+x
d) lim
x0
+
ln(sin x)
lntan x
e) lim
x0
+
x
2
ln x
f) lim
x0
_
1
x

1
exp(x)1
_
g) lim
x1
x
1/(x1)
h) lim
x0
+
x
sin x
i) lim
x+

1+x
2
x
.
j) lim
x

_
1
cos x
tanx

k) lim
x0
+
(1 + sin 2x)
cot x
Problem 29. Using the Newton-Raphson method to approximate the real roots of
a) x
5
+ 2x 5 = 0,
b) x
2
= cos(x),
c) exp(x) = 2 + sin(x
2
).
Problem 30. Find the approximate change in the volume V of a cube of side x in
caused by increasing the sides by 1%.
Problem 31. Find the Maclaurin expansion for the following functions
a) exp(x)
b) sin(x)
c) xcos(x)
d)
1
1x
e)

1 + x
f) (1 + x)

g) e
x
2
h) arctan(x).
Problem 32. Find the Taylor expansion for the following functions
a) exp(x) about x = 2
b) sin(x) about x = /3
c) x
4
3x
2
+ 2 about x = 1
d)
1
1x
about x = 3
e) ln x about x = 1.
Problem 33. Use the Maclaurin expansion of a corresponding function to calculate
correct to five decimal places
a) e
b) e

2
c) sin 2
o
d) ln 1.2.
Problem 34. The force due to gravity on an object with mass m at a height h above
the surface of the earth is
F =
mgR
2
(R + h)
2
,
where R is the radius of the earth and h is the acceleration due to gravity. Express F
as a polynomial of h/R.
Problem 35. Suppose that a bank may lend you 400 millions VND which you have
to pay back to the bank 10 millions VND monthly in 6 years. What is the monthly
interest rate the bank charge you?