Litrature Reviw

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY
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DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE
Content 1. What is house -----------------------------------2. 3.

Type of House
Page No 1 1-6 6-7

8-11 11 12
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Orientation of house
4. Site planning of house----------------------------------------5. Entrance of House---------------------------6. Circulation of house-----------------------------------------7.
what is foyer--------------------------------------
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14-16 16 16-17 17 17 17-18 18-19 19
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8. Zoning------------------------------------------------------------------9. Drawing or living room---------------------------------------------10. Function of living Room------------------------------------------11. Orientation /arrangement------------------------------------------12. Functional relationship of the room with other rooms------------13. Standards--------------------------------------------------------------14. Furniture of living room---------------------------------------------15. Dining Room & Function-----------------------------------------16. Orientation of dining room---------------------------------------------------17. Standard of dining rooms and furniture---------------------------18. Kitchen ------------------------------------------------------------------19. Orientation of room------------------------------------------------------------20. Functional relationship with other rooms -------------------------
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21. Standards of kitchen -------------------------------------------------22. Furniture and fixture---------------------------------------------------23. Bed Rooms & functions-----------------------------------------------24. Orientation-------------------------------------------------------------------25. Functional relationship with other rooms ------------------------26. Standards--------------------------------------------------------------27. Furniture and fixture---------------------------------------------------28. Bath Room & Function----------------------------------------------------------29. Orientation-------------------------------------------------------------------30. Functional relationship ------------------------------------------------31. Standards--------------------------------------------------------------32. Combined Bath and Water closet------------------------------------33. Store & Function of store------------------------------------------------34. Orientation-------------------------------------------------------------------35. Functional relationship with other rooms ------------------------36. Standards--------------------------------------------------------------37. Office Room------------------------------------------------------------38. Guest Room-----------------------------------------------------------39. Dressing Room-------------------------------------------------------40. Porches and entrance Halls---------------------------------------41. Corridors----------------------------------------------------------------42. Parking------------------------------------------------------------------43. Utility rooms------------------------------------------------------------44. Requirement & circulation- spaces of the project-------------45. functional relationship--------------------------------------------------46. Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------36
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What is house:Definition:Bricks an mortars Palace to live in an address Roof over your head Something
you buy/rent Amu for a permanent address Somewhere to keep your belongings Where you friends know to visit you For your ID papers driving license etc. Can be adequate/inadequate in which case you make do/move Neighborhood (Good or bad)Status (You're not homeless). House is a building used for human habitation .it may called as residential building also. Housing includes any kind of building that provide shelter for people .In broader sense, it include solving problems of city planning and community services to provide good living conditions. Good housing provides enough space of every member of the family to have some privacy and freedom. The function of housing is to protect man against the weather and to provide an environment that maintains his wellbeing. The required inside atmosphere comprises Gently moving that is no draughty well oxygenated air pleasant warmth and air humidity and sufficient light. Housing is for more than it is both dwelling and consist basic community services and facility so essentially required for a whole of family and community life. The quality of life in human settlement depends on environment available facilities and resources. A house is a building for people used for different activities /function that protecting them from different kinds of damaging elements such as wind, rain, sun and others. 2.2.3 Type of House There are main types of house list below: One story with a pitched roof and flat ceiling One story with pitched roof and sloping ceiling
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One story with a flat and flat ceilings One and one half story with two living level Two story with two living levels:-pitched roof with flat ceiling Split levels with three living levels:-pitched roof with flat ceiling Split levels with three living levels continues sloping roofs& various ceiling There are many basic structures that a designer must consider and analyze before deciding on the most suitable typologies. Each of the following has both advantage and disadvantages but after considering the needs carefully the designer will approve the most appropriate.
2.2.3.1 One story with a pitched roof and flat ceiling This popular house is built with conventional rafter and ceiling joist framing Methods. It lends itself easily to prefabrication, which is gaining in acceptance though out the United States. It also has the area on one level. built with or without advantage of having its living This type of house can b e basement.
2.2.3.2 One story with pitched roof and slopping ceiling This type has evolved from the plank and beam type framing, and its popularity is due mainly to the massive exposed beams and sloping ceiling in the interiors, as well as
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the intersecting architectural effect produced by the extensions of the beams on the ceiling exteriors. The type looks like good with large over hang, which produce expansive unbroken roof line.
2.2.3.3 One story with a flat roof and flat ceilings With built up roofing material comparing favorable with conventional roofing, this type has become definitely contemporary in nature and is a very economical type of construction. (The same structural member used for both the ceiling and the roof.) It requires skillful design of its elevation views to overcome boxy appearance, and its strong horizontal roof lines often appear monotonous unless broken with offset or various roof levels.
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2.2.3.4 One and one half story with two living levels This structure type has less living space on the top level. It is associated with the New England cape code house. The basic simplicity of the true cape code designing should be retained in proportion and in detail when an approach to historical authenticity is desired. Although the shape is traditional, money contemporary- type houses resulted from the use of the steep roof and various adoptions of the story- and one-half principles
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2.2.3.5 Two story with two living levels: pitched roof with flat ceilings Numerous two- story houses are rich in traditional charm .Their heritage can be captured only by the correct proportion and detail usually associated with many of the New England houses. Either gable or hip roofs of various slopes can be used with the two- story design; often lower roofed additions to the main box seem to enhance the overall silhouette. Upper story projections not only increase the 2nd story living space but also tend to reduce the strong vertical appearance.
2.2.3.6. splitlevels: ceilings The majority level houses an are optional
levels with three living pitched roof with flat
of comparatively new splithave three living levels and basement level. All levels connected with stair
segment that combine in pairs to make one full story height. Multi levels provide excellent zoning for different activities, and their exteriors can be given interesting variety.
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2.2.3.7. Split level with the living levels continuous sloping roofs and various ceilings This second type of split level is identified by low pitched roofs (usually 2:12 or 3:12 slopes) that continue over several levels to create sloping ceilings in various upper and middle rooms. The continuous ceiling produces several ceiling heights, there by adding interest to the interior living spaces.
2.2.1.1.1 Orientation of house Orientation Planning of rooms with respect to north is called orientation .orientation room are kept in proper direction and also proper disposition of a doors and windows
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in the exterior walls of different rooms so that the inmate it the house enjoy the gifts of nature such as fresh air, warmth , giving morning sun rays and landscape. Proper orientation means setting or placing of the rooms of the residential
building/house/ which allow the inmates of the house to enjoy the utmost whatever is good and to avoid whatever is bad in respect of comforts in the elements of nature such as the sun, wind and rain. Good orientation means placements of rooms in relation to sun, wind, rain, topography and outlook and at the same time providing a convenient access both to the courtyard compound or street.
Fig ;- orientation of house
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Site planning of house

Site plans are drawn to show the location of a home on the property in its context. It is an overhead view of the construction site and the home as it sits in reference to the boundaries of the lot. Site plans should outline location of utility services, setback requirements, easements, location of driveways and walkways, and sometimes even topographical data that specifies the slope of the terrain Building a house is a complicated process. Youre constantly juggling designideas, needs, essential functions, construction details, esthetics, and affordability. And remember one of my mantras, or what some might call my daily rants house and lot/site should complete each other like any strong partnership. So the juggling process continues outdoors as well. Why am I always surprisedTake todays meeting at our ranch house construction site, for example. Architect Nicholas Lees plan carefully situates the house on a north-south axis to preserve as much of the lot for outdoor living as possibl
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The driveway is at the left or north end. The site plan, unlike the house layout itself, forces us to consider the functions of the sections of the site. The late great landscape architect Thomas Church always attempted to make his outdoor spaces compatible functionally with the rooms adjacent to them. And thats what we want to do here i.e. have a more public sitting and entertaining area off the Great Room beside the pool, and a more private area off the bedrooms. To refresh your memory, heres the Long House plan again (508-1) showing the Great Room and the entrance off the porch beside the kitchen.
You can see in the plan below how we havent quite fixed the placement of the pool moving it a few yards south would give more room for the outdoor entertaining area.
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The big diagonal line at the left of the plan marks the required area for the septic system in fact the septic system essentially determines where the house itself can go on this lot. A water storage tank is also required, along with a small pump house for the pool. These latter elements present new challenges and possibilities. Should the tank be at the front of the house as a kind of agricultural exclamation point to the front facade?
should it be close to the pump house, or somewhere else.
It turns out that for practicality sake, the tank needs to be near the well (we decided that today so the tank is not yet in the drawing) which is at the southwest corner of the lot. This is where it also seems most logical for the pump house to go and provides the opportunity for a handsome
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architectural grouping marking the southern boundary of the garden. So in the end the lot is a kind of chessboard, or more precisely since budget is always involved a game of Chutes & Ladders. Every move has a consequence affecting nearly every other deci
Entrance of House
Entrance Hall (also called the Grand Foyer) is the primary and formal entrance to the White House, the official residence of the President of the United States. The room is rectilinear in shape and measures approximately 31 by 44 feet. Located on the State Floor, the room is entered from outdoors through the North Portico, which faces the North Lawn and Pennsylvania Avenue. The south side of the room opens to the Cross Hall through a screen of paired Roman Doric columns. The east wall opens to the Grand Staircase.
Example of entrance 2.2.1.1.4 Circulation of house
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Circulation is free movement it inmates house is called circulation. The design form follows the topography and shape of the land, a slender footprint allow for cross ventilation and solar access to all rooms of the house whilst maintaining views of Pittwater from every room. The house built in a single low scale building to the street, with the remaining floors below. Distributed into 3 floors with the main circulation space working along the south of the house as the main circulation spine. The different levels are connected by 2 of flights of stairs and voids that overlap to enhance the sense of space. Circulation of two types: 1. Horizontal circulation and 2. Vertical circulation 2.2.1.1.4.1 lounges. Circulation on same floor is called horizontal circulation It can be accomplished by providing direct well lighted passage. Independent passage should be provided to living common room, lobby and staircase. 2.2.1.1.4.2 Vertical circulation Circulation between different floors is called vertical circulation. For vertical circulation between two different floor, stair case is only a though fare. It should be well lighted ventilated easy to climb and broad. For public buildings ramp and lift are also provided Horizontal circulation is archived by passages, lobbies, corridors and
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Example of circulation in house
what is foyer
The transition from outdoors to indoors can be very jarring if a visitor walks straight through a door and directly into a living room or front parlor. An architectural design element called a foyer often helps visitors orient themselves before moving into a specific room of the home. A typical foyer is a small hallway or open space just behind the main entrance which acts as a reception area for guests. Other ground floor rooms may connect with the foyer, as well as a staircase leading to an upper floor. A foyer also serves as an initial introduction to the home's overall design scheme. An open foyer's walls may feature framed paintings or other fine art objects. It may also be sparsely furnished with decorative tables, coat racks, an oversized room clock or framed mirrors. The foyer may be lit with several floor lamps or a dramatic overhead light fixture. The foyer of a home may also be considered a transitional space, much like a mud room or anteroom. Coats, boots and umbrellas are often kept in the foyer for convenient access during inclement weather. Guests may remove their shoes and leave them in the foyer during visits. Some foyer designs include a small but functional half-bathroom which allow guests to freshen up before entering the rest of the home. The word foyer itself comes from the Latin focarium, meaning "of the hearth". This same Latin root can be found in the word focus, which suggests a foyer should be considered the focal point of the modern home, much like centralized fireplaces or hearths became the focus of ancient homes. A home's foyer provides visitors the opportunity to orient themselves before moving on to other rooms of interest.
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Zoning
Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: boarding houses, hotels, motels Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including: apartment houses, boarding houses, convents, dormitories. Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-4 or I, including: buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units, adult care facilities for five or fewer persons for less than 24 hours. Residential occupancies where the buildings are arranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted living facilities including more than five but not more than 16 occupants. Conditional zoning allows for increased flexibility and permits municipalities to respond to the unique features of a particular land use application. Uses which might be disallowed under current zoning, such as a school or a community center can be permitted via conditional use zoning.
Spaces which have similar and related function form zone Zone1 (living zone) lobby, living room, garage, verandah etc. Zone2 (meal zone) kitchen, dining room, breakfast room, etc. Zone 3 (sleeping zone) master bed, children bed room, bath room etc. Zone 4 (utility zone) store, laundry, traditional kitchen etc.
Zoning helps to decide location ,level, orientation circulation and privacy
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house has the following places of activities:1. Living area 2. Sleeping area 3. Service area 4. Other areas or circulation area 2.2.4.1 Living area: living or drawing rooms or lounges are the main places in a residential building where family members and friends meet sit relax and entertain. Such a room is well ventilated, lighted and located near the entrance. Its area varies from 12 to 32m2. The following points are kept in mind while planning it. A/ this area is provided near the main entrance with
verandah or porch B. it is directly connected to the bed, bathrooms and water closet by passages C. it is near the dining room or dining area may be a part of this area D. it is spacious so that furniture can be properly placed leaving some area for circulation. E. it has sufficient windows so that surrounding landscape can be fully viewed and enjoyed. Drawing room or living room and lounge are the main place of a residential building /house/ where the family member, guest and friends meet, sit, relax and entertain. The following area the living areas of residential building /house/ .drawing room or living room Lounge and lobby
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Dining room 2.2.4.1.1 Drawing or living room Drawing or living room is a room used for the purpose of meeting the visitors and
friends. Drawing room should be preferably located at another corner of the house from front verandah or porch. It should be in NE direction to ensure suitable light and ventilation. Diminution can be fixed according to requirement. Function of living Room Open both to the members of the family and visitors or (It is palace of reception and vest for gust.) Located near the main entrance of the house Location of living room door should allow direct access to living room as soon as we enter into the house Originated the living room to capture the best view from the site Have big windows/French window/ facing the main street The location of the room should not allow view to private spaces like kitchen, bedrooms, bathrooms etc. The location of doors in living room should not allow cross circulation South exposure is preferable Light interior color is preferable It is place of recreation It is a place of working drawing rest house. And
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It is used for a studding purpose for children etc. 2.2.4.1.2 Orientation /arrangement As living room is palace of reception of gusts, it should be located near the entrance of the building. Since it is a place of reception it is usually located in the front of the house with windows facing to the street, to the garden, on the sunny side of the house specially the south sun is required to the room. This allows the room that occupied for the most time to take advantage of natural solar heating and attraction view. The arrangement of doors should be in such away that they do not create passage across the room. They should be located on one side continuously. In case if they are located on the opposite corner one has to move across the room. This is highly objectionable when some gusts are being engaged in the room.
2.2.4.1.3 Functional relationship of the room with other rooms.

As living room is used for meeting of visitors it should be located at near the entrance of the building. As far as possible if should be planned in such away that direct access is not given to bed room, kitchen etc, from living room keeping in view the privacy which is a prime factor in planning of residential building . For this provision, suitable passages or adjoining dining rooms should be considered. Since all occupants of the home and visitors will use common spaces, these spaces should be accessible from
the foyer. It is desirable to be able to move directly from the for in to a living room. Generally according to the functional relationship its degree of adjacency should be form or toward foyer/ entrance, dining or/and family room.
2.2.4.1.4 Standards
The size of a living room should be decided keeping in view the possible utility number of inmate, financial status of the owner, furniture that can be provided etc
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Living room should have a minimum area of 12.0m 2 with a width of not less than 3m. The door way of living room should have a minimum with of 0.9 meter The window of living room should have a minimum window area =1/10 thfloor area of the room. The maximum window sill height=0.9m Require view and south side exposure Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door. French windows are preferable as they give move light and at the sometime enhance appearance It may have a plain or checkered flooring light-colored marble or combination of light and dark colored tiles of PVC terrazzo ,ceramic may be used for flooring of the room Skirting of 15cm height should be provided for elegance as well as a measure to maintain sanitary condition. 2.2.4.1.5 Furniture of living room
The type and amount of furniture in living room varies depending up on the economy of the family. A riche family may have costly furniture of free standing i.e away from walls which require spacious accommodation. Moderate family may have wall abutting furniture which requires less area. In general the furniture that is usually required in living room of moderate living standards is:-
Book shelf
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Sofa Long chairs Television set with movable trolley or table Tea table or coffee table The entertainment centers and game table Note Living area:-living rooms should allow adequate free movement for wheel chair users and have sufficient space for two or three more visitors wheelchairs. 2.2.4.3. Dining Room 2.2.4.3.1 Function Dining room is primary intended to serve as a space of dining may also be used as family lounge i.e. a place of discussion and recreation of family members and child
study. It is often desirable to have space in the kitchen for eating snacks break fast etc. Use the dining room for main meals only. 2.2.43.2 Orientation of dining room Dining room is usually provided adjacent to living room and kitchen. Sufficient areas of windows should provide for natural ventilation and light. Private rooms like bed rooms toilets etc can have direct access form this room. The door way between the living and dining may be kept open i.e. without shutter. Further the wall between those two rooms may be replaced by a two way wooden cabinet. It is useful to be able to extend the dining room through wide doors or a folding wall for special occasions. 2.2.4.3.3 Standard of dining rooms and furniture The floor area of dining room should not be less than 12 sq. m
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In case of combined dining and living room the floor area should not be less than 16 sq. m
Sufficient areas of windows should be provided for natural ventilation and light .It would have a minimum width of 3.00m
The floor of dining room should be smooth, non absorbent and light in color. To eat comfortably, an individual needs a table are of 60*40cm A strip of 20cm is needed in the center of the table for dishes pots and bowls.
2.2.4.4. Kitchen Kitchen is one of the important rooms of residential building. It is primarily a workspace within the house. It is a room in which the house holder may spend long periods so carful design is important. It also a meting point for the family if it contains dining room or snack area. 2.2.4.4.1 Orientation of room Kitchen should have North or East aspect so that the morning sun would refresh and purify the air and the kitchen would remain cool during the afternoon period. It should be adjacent to any vegetable or herb garden and cellar At least one ventilator should be provided on the external wall for escape of hot air.
It may have an external door for service purpose. A double door with wire mesh on the external side and planned door on the internal side is more advantageous as enough air light can be drawn through the door during day time by keeping inside door open and the outside door closed. An appropriate arrangement to ease work in the kitchen would be form right to left: Storage surface, cooker preparation areas, sink draining surface. 23
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Depending on their arrangement there are different types or shapes of effective kitchen workplace arrangement. From these the most common are one side kitchen ,Two side kitchens ,U- shaped kitchen and L-shaped with dining areas. 2.2.4.4.2 Functional relationship with other rooms Ideally the kitchen should look out the garden get; house door children play area and patio. They should well located internally with respect to the pantry, dining, utility room and sometimes living room Picture
2.2.4.4.3 Standards of kitchen The minimum area for a cooking recess is 5-6 m2 For normal kitchen it is 8-10 m2and for normal kitchen with dining area 12-14 m2 The floor area of kitchen should not be less than 5.5m2 with minimum width of 1.8m. When separate store is to be provided the floor areas may be reduced to 4.5m2
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If the kitchen is to be used for dining purpose the floor area should not be less than 9.5m2 with a minimum width of 2.5m
Skirting up to a height of 90 cm may be provided with glazed wall tiles if finance permits.
2.2.4.4.4 Furniture and fixture The dimensions of built-in units and equipment must be taken in to consideration when designing the layout and storage area of a space- efficient kitchen. Provide sufficient shock-proof sockets : minimum of one double socket for each working and preparation area, a double sink unit is usually required Dishwasher should be fitted to the right or left sink The material used in kitchen units include wood, play wood chipboard and plastic .exposed wood surface are varnished or laminated with plastic. Floor units are for storing large heavy or seldom-used kitchen equipment well mounted carbonates have a small depth so that the work tops beneath them can be used with out hindrance Full height cupboards can be used for storing cleaning materials broom etc Sinks and draining boards should be fitted in to floor units An extractor above the cooker is recommend For planning purpose the following width requirement for fitting and
equipments may be used
Cooker 60 cm Twin sinks and draining surface 150 cm

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Refrigerator 60 cm Freezer 60 cm Cupboard 170 cm With a work top surface width of 200 cm
Total requirement of fitting and equipment are 700 cm
2.2.4.5. Bed Rooms 2.2.4.5.1 functions Bed rooms are private areas generally occupied by one or two people. It is the most important room in the house. It should be planned carefully as a major part of a day is spent in it by the occupants Depending on its function bed room can be classified as master bed room, children bed room /for male and female /,maid bed room and gust bed room 2.2.4.5.2 Orientations The orientation of bed room should be North-East or South , or East exposure is desirable. At least one wall of the room should be exposed to the out of the building for proeper ventilation and light / sun light at the morning is essential in this room./The bed room should not be located on the west side as the wall heated up to evening which emits heat during night that creating un comfortable condition. If such planning is un
avoidable the walls on that side should be protected from being heated by the afternoon sun rays by providing verandah or sit out on that side Bed rooms on the north are usually cooler. The morning sun will brighten abed room with window toward the East A south exposure will allow the sun to warm the room during winter months. Due to high temperature and direct solar radiation from the afternoon sun in the summer it is
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not desirable to place bed rooms on the sunny direction .Natural light and ventilation are required in all bed rooms 2.2.4.5.3Functional relationship The bed room would have access through dining or passages as for possible should not be accessible directly from living room. Closet and bath rooms should be easily accessible to bed rooms provide suitable space near the closet that convenient dressing area. 2.2.4.5.4 standards Before sizing the bed room is sure that you are familiar with the actual sizes of twin beds, bunk beds, fun size beds, queen size beds and king size beds. The width of the bed room should not be less than 2.7m for free circulation. its floor area should not be less than 12m2 The area of windows should not be less than 1/10th of its floor area. The sill height of windows should not be more than 0.6m. The bed should be provided with an attached toilet. Suitable storage space should be provided in the form of word tables for keeping clothes, valuables etc. Rectangular room is more advtagious than square room ,no space is wasted for circulation. To ensure comfort while sleeping the bed length should be 25cm longer than the individual height.Beds are produced in a range of standard size:
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900x1900mm 1000x1900mm 1000x2000mm 1600x2000mm 2000x2000mm The bed room lay out should give at least 600mm preferably 750mm around the bed. 2.2.4.5.5 Furniture and fixture Furnishing can vary from bed room to bed room ache, dresser, night table; chair and desk are common bed room furnishings. There should always be abed side cabinet to the left and right of double beds, and a head board on to which one can fix clip lights for reading is also use full bed sides lamp should be provided in addition to general lighting about 1 m cupboard length should be planned per person. If space is not enough in
the room, then space can be found in the corridor. At least one mirror in which one can see him/her self from head to his /her toe should be fitted in a bed room mirrored cupboard front are even better. 2.2.4.6. Bath Room 2.2.4.6.1 Function Bath rooms are essentially for the health care of the occupants of a home. These spaces are private areas where the individual can practice personal hygiene by isolating the water closet or rub in to compartment .you can make the room useful to more than one person simultaneously with children in a home twin lavatories will reduce peak demand on the bath room. 2.2.4.6.2 Orientation Locate the doors in bath rooms to give maximum privacy and isolation. Often the bath room door is open and direct view from living areas are undesirable
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Minor rearrangements of bath room position in relation to halls usually eliminate this situation. Doors should swing in to the bath room (never in to the halls ) without hitting bath room fixture. 2.2.4.6.3 Functional relationship
The most convenient location for the bath rooms is adjacent to bed room and the water closet (if water closet is not corporate in the bath room it self). Although showers are compacted in the bath room and often preferred b younger people , baths are generally more suitable for the elders.
2.2.4.6.4Standards The no of the bathrooms should be demined by the size of the residence and the
number of its occupant. All homes should have one full size bath room with essential plumbing fixtures. Many residences have more than one bath room and some have half bath room. Space requirements for bath room and water closet units are as shown in the following table
Bath room unit
Floor area Width (cm Depth (cm) >55 >55 >60 >60
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1.Single built in wash basin 2.Double built wash basins 3.Built in single wash- basin with cupboard below 4. Built in double wash basin with cupboard below.
>60 >120 >70 >140
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5.Bidet (floor standing or wall mounted) 6.Hand wash basin 7.Bath tub 8.Shower tray
40 >50 >170 >80
40 >40 >75 >80 75
9.Water closet and urinates Water closet with wall unit 40 or pressure system 10.Water closet with built in wall cistern 40 40 11. urinal 12. Bath room equipment /furniture , According
60 40
40
Low cup board, high cupboard wall hung to make cupboard
If the bath room is to be equipped with gauges its size should be increased to 120 * 1.80 with a minimum height of 270m. The walls of bathe room should be covered with glazed wall tiles up to a height of 1.50m form floor level. The flooring should be non slippery and should have sufficient slope towards out let for quick disposal of used water. Good lighting and ventilation should be ensured in the bath room by providing in the open court yard its plinth high should not be less than 30cm If it is provided in within the building its floor level may be kept 10-15 cm lower than the flooring of adjoining rooms. The doors should be fixed at one corner. Its width should not be les than 0.70m. 2.2.4.6.5Combined Bath and Water closet - Wash basin with counter top 730*500mm with mirror Storage geyser one in number - Shower facilities with mixing valves
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Orissa pan with high level flushing cistern Semi polished stone slab flooring Room size of 1600*2000mm storage rack: 90*45cm
2.2.4.7. Store 2.2.4.7.1 Function of store The star rooms are intended to store house hold provision like wheat race , teffes , cereals etc and other occasionally used articles like rain coats umbrellas , hats, children playing equipment , house maintenance equipment like brooms, brushes mops vacuum cleaners maintenance tools gardening equipment etc. While making proposal for separate store the number of family members their habits and financial status should be taken in to account. 2.2.4.7.2 Orientation /Location of the room This room needed for storing different equipment and food material due to this reason it should have enough ventilation and lighting. So that at least one wall of the rooms should be in a direction of prevailing wind in order to access good
ventilation in to the room. Doors should open out ward to give more space and comforts. 2.2.4.7.3Functional relationship with other room This room should be adjacent to a direct access to ward /kitchen corridor or foyer 2.2.4.7.4 Standards
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This store should have a minimum width of 1.80 m The walls and floor should be damp proof The possibility of entry of rates and other insect must be checked by a adopting appropriate measures like stone slab flooring, air tight doors meshed windows and ventilators etc.
It should be well light and ventilated Sufficient no of rocks should be provided all around for storage To facilitate easy cleaning and washing the first raw of shelf should kept 25cm clear above the floor level.
A part from the cellar and attic rooms there should be at least one store room /1 m2 or more, with minimum internal width of 75 cm and good ventilation in the house.
For larger dwelling at least 2% of the living area should be planned as a storage room.
2.2.4.8. Office Room

It is not a common type of room for all building and should be provided only on demand. For easy access this room is generally provided on the side of the front verandah. It should be disconnected from other room of the building
Depending up on the profession of the occupant, possible number of clients, requirement of office furniture and staff the size of room should be decided. It should accommodate at least one office table with sufficient number of chairs, two or three
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cupboards for keeping files. The floors and walls should be pleasing and sufficient number of windows should be provided for the adequate lighting and ventilation. 2.2.4.9. Guest Room This room is primary intended for stay of occasional gust. But can also be used for a number of other purposes as well. It should be independent and should be provided with attached toilet. To avoid in mates distribute it may have access form verandah and living room It floor areas should be sufficient to accommodate two single beds, two charis and a small table and built in cup board. 2.2.4.10. Dressing Room This room should be adjacent to toilet and should be connected to bed rooms. Addressing table with a small chair, ward robe and small cupboard to keep cosmetics should be provided in the dressing room. This is a luxury and provided in high class buildings only. 2.2.4.11. Porches and entrance Halls Porches play a crucial part in sheltering the entrance hall form inclement weather conditions. They should be designed as far as possible with the prevailing local wind
direction taken in to account. In addition they should be visible form the street or garden gate. The key rooms with the highest level of circulation, and in particular , stair ways should be immediately accessible form the hall. For instance an effective design could have the hall providing a direct connection between the kitchen, stair and water closet. 2.2.4.12. Corridors What along corridor is necessary, the width is established according to its position, whether the doors are on one or both sides, the arrangement of the doors, and the anticipated volume of circulation,
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Appropriate corridor widths are shows below. If possible all doors should open in to the rooms. For doors on one side and low level of traffic minimum width of 0.9m is required. or doors on one side and wide enough for two people to pass one another, width of 1.3-1.4 m is required. For doors on both sides and large volume traffic ,1.6m to allow two people and 2.0m or more to pass three or more people. The best position for utility room is facing north. They should ideally be near the side or rear door and be adjacent to or accessible from the kitchen. 2.2.4.13. Parking Covered parking spaces (preferably with a solid wall on the water side) provide on economic and space saving way of providing adequate water protection for vehicles. 2.2.4.14. Utility rooms Utility rooms are used for variety of purposes including storage, laundry and ironing, swings and also for hobby activities. To be of real value the length available for standing space or work surface should be a minimum of 3.80m (preferably 4.60m). Standard space required for equipment is shown in the following table. Fittings equipment Automatic (upright unit) Wash basin with water heater laundry container Work top for folded linen 60 50 50 60 60 60
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Width min (cm) machines and dryer 60
Better 60
washing
IUDS
Storage cupboard ironing surface Total
50 100 380
60 100 460
Requirement & circulation- spaces of the project Requirements of a project can be grouped into two 1. Actual minimum requirements Example: A house may contain living, dining, kitchen, bedrooms, garage, study room and bath Some of these functions are essential for all and some are important only for specific people of the house. Garage = not if the owner did not have a car Office = not if there is no professional 2. Minimum space requirement for circulation spaces necessary to join the functional spaces/rooms circulation should not be less than the minimum standard and should not be more than 20% of the total functional space success of a building from functionality point of view depends on how well the circulation is arranged
functional relation ship USE MA Trix to Analysis Space relation Ships
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Bibliography 1. Ernst and peter Neufert Architects data Third edition 2. Planning and designing of residential building Y. N Rajarao Y. Subramanian 3. Building drawing with an integrated approach to Built environment Fourth edition 3. Architectural Drawing and Light construction
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ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Content 1. What is house -----------------------------------2. 3.

Page No 1 1-6 6-7

4. Site planning of house----------------------------------------5. Entrance of House---------------------------6. Circulation of house-----------------------------------------7.

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

25 26 26-27 28 28 28 28 28-29 29 30 30 30 30-31 31 31 32 33-35

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

2.2.3.6. splitlevels: ceilings The majority level houses an are optional

levels with three living pitched roof with flat

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Fig ;- orientation of house

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Site planning of house

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

should it be close to the pump house, or somewhere else.

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Example of entrance 2.2.1.1.4 Circulation of house

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Example of circulation in house

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

Zoning helps to decide location ,level, orientation circulation and privacy

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

2.2.4.1.3 Functional relationship of the room with other rooms.

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE

ETHIOPIAN CIVIL SERVICE UNIVRESTY

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT FOR ARCHITECTHURAL DESIGN ONE