Statistics Project On All India Estimate of yield of Major Crops

All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation

Prepared by:

Aarthi S Abhishek Ankur Aniket Kothari Ansuman Parida Anuj Job Mathew Anusha Krishnan

(Section A)

The following data has been collected from Directorate of Economics and statistics, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation
Sr No Year Area in Million Hectares Production in Million Tonnes Area Under Irrigation(%) Yield in Kg/Hectare (x)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

42.84 43.43 43.45 44.80 45.16 44.71 44.90 41.18 42.59 41.91 43.66 43.81 43.91 45.54 41.92

76.98 81.74 82.53 86.08 89.68 84.98 93.34 71.82 88.53 83.13 91.79 93.36 96.69 99.18 89.09

49.9 51.0 50.8 52.3 53.9 53.6 53.2 50.2 52.6 54.7 56.0 56.7 56.9 58.7 59.4

1796.9 1882.1 1900.0 1921.4 1986.0 1900.7 2079.0 1744.0 2077.0 1984.0 2102.0 2131.0 2202.0 2178.0 2125.4

Theoretical Concepts and Applications Taken:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Arithmetic Mean Median Range Coefficient of Range Frequency Cumulative Frequency Relative Frequency Quartiles Inter quartile Standard Deviation Variance Normal Distribution Pearsons Coefficient

References: Sources of all data is Same:- http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/latest_2006.htm

1. Concept Name: Arithmetic Mean Selection of variable: All-India Estimates of Yield of Rice from 1995-1996 to 2009-10 Formula and calculation steps: x/N, Where x = sum of all variables N = no of years

Year
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01

Yield in Kg/Hectare (x)

1797 1882 1900 1921 1986 1901

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Mean = x/N = 30010/15 = 2001

2079 1744 2077 1984 2102 2131 2202 2178 2125

Findings and Interpretation of results: From this result, we come to know the average yield of rice in kg/hectare from 1995-1996 to 2009-10.

2. Concept Name: Median Selection of variable: All-India Estimates of Yield of Rice from 1995-1996 to 2009-10 Formula and calculation steps: (n+1)/2, Where n = no of observations Median = (n+1)/2 = (15+1)/2 = 16/2 =8 Therefore, Median = 1986 Findings and Interpretation of results:

From this result, we come to know the mid-value of the yield of rice in kg/hectare from 1995-1996 to 2009-10.

3.Concept Name: Range Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: Range = value of highest observation value of lowest observation

Therefore, Range = 2202 1744 = 458

Findings and Interpretation of results: Range is a useful means of dispersion for small data sets.

3.Concept Name: Coefficient of Range Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: Coefficient of Range = (L-S)/(L+S) = 0.12

Findings and Interpretation of results: Coefficient of Range

Concept Name: Frequency Distribution

Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: We analysed the data and arranged it in frequency distribution with range of 200.

Frequency
1700-1800 1801-1900 1901-2000 2001-2100 2101-2200 2201-2300 Total 2 2 4 2 4 1 15

Findings and Interpretation of results: In order to make sense of this information, you need to find a way to organize the data. A frequency distribution is commonly used to categorize information so that it can be interpreted quickly in a visual way.

Concept Name: Relative Frequency Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: Formula: F/N N is the sum of the total frequency F is frequency

Relative Frequency
1700-1800 1801-1900 1901-2000 2001-2100 2101-2200 2 2 4 2 4 0.13 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.27

2201-2300 Total

1 15

0.07 1

Findings and Interpretation of results: A relative frequency distribution presents frequencies in terms of percentages. Relative frequency is the proportion of all given values in an interval, i.e., the frequency of the event/value divided by the total number of data points.

Concept Name: Cumulative Frequency Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps:

Cumulative frequency
Yield in Kg/Hectare (x) Frequency

Less than 1800 Less than 1900 Less than 2000 Less than 2100 Less than 2200 Less than 2300 Findings and Interpretation of results:

2 4 8 10 14 15

The total of a frequency and all frequencies below it in a frequency distribution is called Cumulative Frequency. It is the running total of frequencies.

Findings and Interpretation of results: Histogram is used to: Summarize large data sets graphically. Compare process results with specification limits. Communicate information graphically. Use a tool to assist in decision making.

Year
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 I.

Yield in Kg/Hectare (x)

1797 1882 1900 1921 1986 1901 2079 1744 2077 1984 2102 2131 2202 2178 2125

Concept Name: Interquartile Range

Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: The IQR is the distance between the 1st quartile (25th percentile) and 3rd quartile (75th percentile). After arranging the statistics in an ordered way we find the 1st Quartile = Q1 3rd Quartile = Q3 = 1900 = 2125

Inter Quartile = Q3-Q1 = 2125 1900 = 225

Findings and Interpretation of results: The Interquartile range (IQR) is a descriptive statistic used to summarize the extent of the spread of your data.

Concept Name: Standard Deviation Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: Formula

Therefore, by using formula

SD =

= 140.18

SD for a Population =

= 135.40

II.

Concept Name: Variance

Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps: To calculate the Variance, take each difference, square it, and then average the result. Variance: 19643.26 Variance for a Population: 18333.71

Findings and Interpretations:Statistical variance gives a measure of how the data distributes itself about the mean or expected value. Unlike range that only looks at the extremes, the variance looks at all the data points and then determines their distribution.

I.

Concept Name: Normal Distribution

Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps:

Normal Distribution Z= (X - ) / where X=2100 X=2200 , = 2000 , = 140.18 = 0.76 = 0.92 = 0.16

Normal Distribution, Z(for 2100) Normal Distribution, Z (for 2200) P(2100>Z<2200)

Findings and Interpretations:-

I.

Concept Name:

Pearsonss Coefficient

Selection of variable: All-India Area, Production and Yield of Rice alongwith coverage under Irrigation Formula and calculation steps:

= 2001

=54

Year
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01

Yield in Kg/Hectare (x)

1797 1882 1900 1921 1986 1901

Area Under Irrigation

49.90 51.00 50.80 52.30 53.90 53.60

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

2079 1744 2077 1984 2102 2131 2202 2178 2125

53.20 50.20 52.60 54.70 56.00 56.70 56.90 58.70 59.40

Correlation between Yield in Kg and Area under Irrigation Pearsons Coefficient of Co relation comes out to be = 0.87 which shows that they have a strong correlation

Findings and Interpretations:From Pearsons Coefficient we are able to correlate the relation and find how stronger the relation is between the two variables in this case Yield in Kg and Area under Irrigation

References: Sources of all data is Same:- http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/latest_2006.htm