Latin America during the Cold War:

Nicaragua Sandinistas Argentina Peronists Dirty Wars Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs invasion The rise of democratic states in Latin America in the 1980's (Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, etc.) The rise of Terrorism Challenges in Africa post-decolonization The end of Apartheid in South Africa Nelson Mandela F.W. de Klerk The creation of Israel Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Israeli-Palestinian conflict Gamel Abdul Nasser The rise of Islamic fundamentalism Anwar al-Sadat Sayyid Qutb Hassan al-Banna The Muslim Brotherhood Nationalization of the Suez Canal Suez Crisis Camp David Accords Iranian coup in 1953 Mohammad Mosaddegh Tudeh party Shah Reza Pehlavi Ayatollah Khomeini Islamic revolution in Iran, 1979 Post-WWII Japan General Douglas MacArthur "Japanese Miracle" Keiretsu Peoples Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Kim Il-sung

Syngman Rhee Chung Hee Park and the South Korean military coup in 1961 South Korea post 1961 - economic growth, stagnation, and democratization "Asian Tigers" Causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union Effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union on Russia and Eastern Europe Perestroika China in the post-Mao period Deng Xiaoping Four Modernizations Student protests in Tiananmen Square, 1989 Modern challenges facing China Causes of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 Vaclav Havel Boris Yeltsin

Aim: what were some challenge to the development of democracy in Africa during the post wwii period? Apartheid was policy of racial segregation in South Africa. Began in 1948 when the Afrikaner-led nationalist party dominated South African politics.

Afrikaners were descendants of Dutch immigrants to South Africa. The first Dutch settlement in South African was established in 1652. The Boer Wars: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the British and the Boers. Afrikaners, descendants of the original Dutch settlers fought several bloody wars. Self rule in south Africa: the british eventually prevailed and gave south Africa self-rule in 1910. although it had a constitutional government, blacks were denied most rights. The national party was the part of the Afrikaners and it was this party that enacted apartheid or apartness laws. under this brutal system of segregation, lack south Africans were denied access to white schools, white beaches, white neighborhoods, and even white-only beaches. under the population registration act of 1950, all south Africans were required to be racially classified as white, black, or colored. in addition, all black south Africans were required to carry pass books containing fingerprints, identification information, and a photograph. The Homeland System: separate neighborhoods for blacks to live in. blacks made 75 percent of population but controlled 13 percent of the land.

Stephen biko: protester who got arrested 1977, police interrogation room and beaten to death. ANC, a black nationalist organization founded long before apartheid. but it would go on to lead the struggle against apartheid. Nelson mandela emerged as a leader of the military wing of the anc in the early 1960s. 1965, nelson mandela was imprisoned for treason and sentenced to life in prison. (Robben island) fight against apartheid continued. received the nobel prize along with f.w. de klerk.