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Mole concept
Chemical formulae
Equations
- Atoms (Relative
atomic mass)
- Ions(Relative Formula
mass)
- Molecules(Relative
molecular mass)
Formula :
Number of particles = Number of moles x Avogadro constant NA
Number of mole (molecules) = Mass in grams (g) Relative molecular mass (molar mass) Therefore: Mole = Mass(g) Molar mass n=m mr
Chemical Formulae
1) A chemical formula is used to represent a chemical compound by using letters for atoms & number of atom that are present in the substance.
Exp:
Show the symbols of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen Show the numbers of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen that combine together
C6H12O6
2) Several covalent compounds & their chemical formulae that are sharing the number of atoms of each element making up the compound Name Chemical Formula Oxygen O2 Chlorine Cl2 Water H2O Ammonia NH3 Carbon dioxide CO2 Nitrogen dioxide NO2
3) Chemical formula of an ionic compound, charges of cations(+) & anions (-) Charge Cation Anion 1 Sodium,Na+ Chloride,ClPotassium, K+ Bromide, Br Silver Ag+ Iodide, IAmmonium NH4+ Nitrate, NO3Hydrogen,H+ HydroxideOHBicarbonate,HCO32 Calcium,Ca2+ Oxide, O2Magnesium,Mg2+ Sulphate, SO42Zinc,Zn2+ Sulphite,SO32Iron(II),Fe2+ Sulphide,S2Lead(II),Pb2+ Carbonate, CO32Copper(II),Cu2+ Thiosulphate, S2O32Mercury(II),Hg2+ Stannum(II),Sn2+
Writing the chemical formula of ionic compound Xm+ Yn= XnYm Exp: 1) Na+ & ClNaCl 2) Al3+ N3Al3N3 = AlN 3) Al3+ O2Al2O3 4) Mn4+ O2Mn2O4 =MnO2
Molecular Formula & Empirical Formulae 1) Relative molecular mass of a substance can be calculated by using chemical formulae. Exp: Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Relative atomic mass = 40+ 12+ (16X3) = 100 2) 2 types of chemical formulae a) Empirical formula b) Molecular formula 3) Empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms of the elements that combine to form the compound. 4) The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of the elements that combine to form compound. RAM of Ca=40 , C= 12 , O=16
Steps of determine the empirical formula Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Exp: The table below shows the mass of metal M & chlorine that combine to form a compound. Determine the empirical formula of this compound. Element Mass of the element Relative atomic mass of the element M 2.08 g 52 Cl 4.26 g 35.5 Write the mass / the mass percentage of each element in the compound. Calculate the number of moles of each element by dividing the mass / mass percentage of each element by its relative atomic mass. Calculate the simplest mole ratio by diving each number with the smallest number. Write the empirical formula
Solution
Step 1
Step 4
Chemical Equations 1) The steps involved in writing a chemical equation: Step 1 Write the correct formulae of the reactants on the left side of the equation Step 2 Write the correct formulae of products on the right side of the equation Step 3 Balance the equation by making sure the number of atoms of each element on the left & on the left & on the right of the equation is the same. This is done by writing an integer in front of the chemical formula. Step 4 When balancing the equation, never alter (change) the formula of the compounds.
Na2O)
Na2O
1 atom
2Na2O
4 atoms 2 atoms
Not balance bcoz in front Na has 1 atom & O has 2 atoms but behind Na has 2 atoms 1 O has 1 atom
Reminder is the formula is mole = mass / molar mass the answer should be 50 mole.