Final draft

05

Page 13

May 2003

prEN 1993-l-8: 2003

Basis of design

2.1 AssumPtions is as (l) The design methods given in this part of EN 1993 assume that the standard of construction and products used
specifiedln the executlon standards given in 2,8 and that the construction materials aie those specified in EN 1993 or in the relevant material and product specifications.

2.2
(l) (2)

General requirements
All joints shall have a design resistance such that the structure is capable of satisfying all the basic design requirements given in this Standard and in EN 1993-l-1'
The partial safety factors

7v

for joints are given in Table 2' 1'

Table 2.1: Partial safety factors for joints

Resistance of members and cross-sections Resistance of bolts Resistance of rivets Resistance of pins Resislance of welds Resistance of plates in

luo,Tlat andys2see EN 1993-l-1

lvz

bearing

irn., i

/
/tut:
YM? .3

Bearing resistance of an injection bolt

Tuc

/us
Resistance of pins at serviceabilify

limit

state

/M6,set

Preload of high strength bolts

Resistance of concrete

Nut

7"

see

EN 1992

NOTE: Numerical values fot /r may be defined in the National Annex. Recommended values are as follows: Tuz: 1,25 i Tut = I ,25 for-hybrid*eonnee*ions=or--eonnstions*wder-4atigue--lsadinsi-.and" = l,l fFs*rd$ign"siMio$si /Naq = 1,0;Jrr,as = 1,0;)r'M6,,",: 1,0:yur: l,l . /u: ,..9e/^

(3) 2.3 (l)

Joints subject to fatigue should also satisff the principles given in EN 1993-l-9.

Applied forces and moments

The forces and moments applied to joints at the ultimatc
the principles in

limit state shall be determined according to

EN I 993-

I-I

2.4
(l) (2)

Resistance of joints
The resistance of a joint shall be determined on the basis of the resistances of its basic components.

Linear-elastic or elastic-plastic analysis may be used in the design ofjoints.

Page2l
Final draft
05 MaY 2003

prEN 1993-1-8 : 2003

u\L

92

do 1,2 ug r'z

//

<_,..-+
of fasteners a) Symbols for spacing

-+
i'

',=''oo: .L -,Pr<-

+,

Staggered Rows of fasteners

b) Symbols for staggered sPacing

4-i-+--+ -+ -ry +- +-pr S 14 t and 3 200

l*--+-Pl

l*._*{1

P r'o

mm

mm Pz314 t and S 200

pr.ol

14 t and

200

mm

pl,iS 28 t and 3 400 mm

outer row

inner row

c) Staggered spacing

compression

d) Spacing in tension members

slotted holes e) End and edge distances for

fasteners edge distances and spacing of and end for Symbols 3.1: Figure

3.6
(l)

Design resistance of individualfasteners

Table 3'4" shear and/or tension is given in individual fastener subjected to The design resistance for an

3.6.1 Bolts and rivets

o\Forpreloadedboltsinaccordancewith3.l.2(1)thedesignpreload,Fp,ca,tobeusedindesign
calculations should be taken as:

...(3.1) Fp,ca:0,7
f6o

A, I

Yvr1

NorE:wherethepreloadisnotusedindesigncalculationstheguidancegiveninthenotetoTable
3.2 should be followed'

Page 20

prEN 1993-t-8: 2003

Final draft
05

May 2003

NOTE: When the preload is not explicitly used in the design calculations for

required for execution purposes or as a quality measure (e.g. fordurability) then the level of preload can be specified in the National Annex.

shear resistances but is

3.5 Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets (1) Minimum and maximum spacing and end and edge distances for bolts and rivets are given in Table
3.3.

(2)

Minimum and maximum spacing, end and edge distances for structures subjected to fatigue, see EN
1993-r-9.

Table 3.3: Minimum and maximum spacing, end and edge distances
Distances and spacings, see Figure 3. I

Minimum

1y1u^i-u'nt)

2) 3)

Strucfures made from steels conforming to EN 10025 except steels conforming to

EN
Steel exposed to the weather or other corrosive influences End distance Edge distance
ey

10025_5

Structures made from steels conforming to EN 10025-5

Steel used

Steel not exposed to the weather or other

corrosive influences

unprotected The larger of 8r or 125 mm The larger of 8l or 125 mm

1,2ds

4t+40mm 4t+40mm

e2

r,2do

Distance e3 in slotted holes Distance ea in slotted holes

Spacing p1

I,5ds

a)

l,5ds
2,2ds

a)

Spacing p1,s Spacing p1.; Spacing p2

5)

2,4ds

The smaller of l4t or 200 mm The smaller of l4l or 200 mm The smaller of 281or 400 mm The smaller of l4l or 200 mm

The smaller of l4l or 200 mm

The smaller

of

14l-i. or

175 mm

The smaller of l4t or 2OO rnrn

The smaller of lAt nr 1'7< *

"

I !:::1ry::ion r"mbers and; I |2) - for exposed tension members to prevent corrosion. The local buckling resistance of the plate

Maximum values for spacings, edge and end distances are unlimited, except in the following cases: members in order to avoid local buckling and to prevent conosion in exposed

3) 4) "

in compression between the fasteners should be calculated according to EN l9-93-l-,1 using a,6 p,i as buckling length. Local buckling between the fasteners need not to be checkedif pllt is smaller than 9 e.-Theidge distance strorita not exceed the local buckling requirements for an outstand element in the compre-ssion members, see EN 1993-l-1. The end distance is not affected by this requirement.

t is the thickness ofthe thinner outer connected part.

The dimensional limits for slotted holes are given in 2.8 Reference Standards: Group 7. 49. staggered rows of fasteners a minimum line spacing of p, = l,2ds ma! be used, provided that the minimum distance, L, beryggn a,ny two fastgners greater than 2,4d0, see nigure:.'tL). is

Page24

Final draft
05

prEN 1993-l-8 : 2003

May 2003

Sil

3.4: Design resistance for individual faste-nwssubiecbd:to s?rear alrd/or

**tension
Bolts
=

Failure mode
Shear resistance Per shear
./k

Rivets f

plane

v.Rd

d, -f,o A
Tuz

v.Rd

0,6

.f,,
Tuz

A,

- where the shear plane passes through the threaded portion of the bolt (l is the tensile stress area of the bolt l.): - for classes 4.6, 5,6 and 8.8:
ct, cu

0,6

- for classes 4.8, 5.8, 6.8 and 10.9:

Bearing resistance ')'21

3)

: 0,5

where the shear plane passes through

the

unthreaded portion ofthe bolt section of the bolt): cu = 0,6

,l"

(l

is the gross cross

^u.na: ktq-f,,dt Tuz

of
a6

where cu is the smallest

t U
J,
t

or

1,0;

in the direction of load transfer: for end bolts:

oo

= {h

bolts:

perpendicular to the direction ofload transfer: - for edge

^rinner

*=

h -i

bolts: bolts:

t1 is the smallest
/c1 is the smallest

of 2,82 'do of
1,4

1,7 or 2,5

- for inner
Tension resistance
2)

4 d"
f

-1,7 or 2,5

l" r.nci

k2

f,u A,
Tuz

t,Rtl

0,6

f*
Tuz

A,

where
Punching shear resistance Combined shear and
tension

kz= 0,63 for countersunk bolt,

= 0,9. 0,6

otherwise b

Bo.no
F".u

d^ tofu I Y*,

No check needed

F,.n,t

F,.ea
lr4
F,,Rrt

ar.,

')

The bearing resistance F6,sa for bolts

') 3)

in oversized holes is 0,8 times the bearing resistance for bolts in normal holes. in slotted holes, where the longitudinal axis of the slotted hole is perpendicular to the direction the force transfer, is 0,6 times the bearing resistance for bolts in round, normal holes.
the bearing resistance Fu,no should be based on a plate thickness connected plate minus half the depth of the countersinking.

of

For countersunk bolt:

I equal to the thickness of

the

for the determination of the tension resistance fl.Rd the angle and depth of countersinking should conform with 2.8 Reference Standards: Group 4, otherwise the tension resistance F'pa should be
adjusted accordinglY.

When the load on a bolt is not parallel to the edge, the bearing resistance may be verified separately for the bolt load components parallel and normal to the end.

Page27 Final draft 05 MaY 2003

prEN 1993-1-8 :2003

-1 PLf-

,
Pr,r

L, _ 15d
2o0d

... (3.s)

but

1,0 and Pr'r

>

0'75

(2\Theprovisionin3'8(1)doesnotapply.wherethereisauniformdistributionofforcetransferoverthe t.rt."n the web and the flange of a section'

rransfer length of the joint, e.g. the

"f

.h;;;;.

Figure 3.7: Long ioints using 8'8 or 10'9 bolts

3.9 Slip-resistant connections

3.9.1
Design SliP resistance

(l)Thedesignslipresistanceofapreloadedclass8.Sorl0.gboltshouldbetakenas:

n:'ffif;f "fil .f,":" -&. f,s.rrtF ._ f' 31i: Tvj- *':

where:

...(3.6)

' ft, is r is

given in Table 3'6

the number of the friction surfaces

r,ristheslipfactorobtainedeitherbyspecifict.:'l:':*:frictionsurfaceinaccordancewith2.8 relevant as given in Table 3.7'

Reference standards: Group

or when

(2)

4' with controlled with 23 Reference standards: Group conforming bolts 10.9 and 8.8 class For ptttouding force Fp'c to be used nerereice standards: Group z-,-ir'" i.e *itii in.onio,riirv tightening as: in-equation (3'6) should be taken
...(3'7)

Sli=o,zl,ol,

Final draft
Page 28 05

May 2003

prEN 1993-1-8: 2003

Table 3,6: Values of ks

Bolts in normal holes.

illts ifithd

oversized holes

or short

th the axis of the

slot

rrtv .""r,endicular ner ItrtttttLul4l to tv the

direction ofload

transfer'

Bolts in long slotted

f,o

o the direction of load

' .' '

'

io the direction of

load

el to the direction of load

Table 3,7: Slip factor, p, for pre-loaded bolts

Class of friction surfaces (see 2'8 Reference Standard: GrouP 7)

are given in 2'8 Reference Standards: NOTE 1: The requirements for testing and inspection

Group 7. should be based NOTE 2: The classification of any other surface treatment procedure set out the representative of the surfaces used in the structure using
Standards: GrouP 7'

on test specimens

in

2'8 Reference

NOTE NOTE

3:

given in 2'8 Reference Standards: The definitions of the class of friction surface are
pre-load whicb surface treatments account should made for any loss of

Group 7.

4: With painted

occur over time.

3.9.2 Combined tension and shear

(1) If a slip-resistant
shear force,
as

Fled,,e*, in addition to the connection is subjected to an applied tensile force, F,.p,1 or design slip resistance per bolt should be taken Fu,ea or Fn,Ed,**, tending to produce stip, ttre

follows:

for acategory B

connection:

F,,n.r,sew=

k,, P (Fr,c # -

0,8F,.ta,,"*)

(3.8a)

for a category C connection:

F,,na

k, n lt (Fr,c

0,8F,pa )

... (3.8b)

Tut

(2)

connection, a contact force on the compression side counterbalances the aPPlied tensile force no reduction in slip resistance is required'

If, in a moment