A Synopsis on

CLOUD COMPUTING
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

of

GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

SUBMITTED BY: Prashant Gupta [1032031038]

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. INVERTIS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, BAREILLY - 243003.

1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing, to put it simply, means Internet Computing. The Internet is commonly visualized as clouds; hence the term cloud computing for computation done through the Internet. With Cloud Computing users can access database resources via the Internet from anywhere, for as long as they need, without worrying about any maintenance or management of actual resources. Besides, databases in cloud are very dynamic and scalable. Cloud computing is unlike grid computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing. In fact, it is a very independent platform in terms of computing. The best example of cloud computing is Google Apps where any application can be accessed using a browser and it can be deployed on thousands of computer through the Internet.

2. WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common infrastructure, offering services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. The location of physical resources and devices being accessed are typically not known to the end user. It also provides facilities for users to develop, deploy and manage their applications on the cloud, which entails virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself.

3. CLOUD STORAGE
Over time many big Internet based companies (Amazon, Google) have come to realise that only a small amount of their data storage capacity is being used. This has led to the renting out of space and the storage of information on remote servers or "clouds". Information is then temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other internet-linked devices. Amazons Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are the current best known facilities.

Data Cloud

Along with services the cloud will host data. There has been some discussion of this being a potentially useful notion possibly aligned with the Semantic Web, though it could result in data becoming undifferentiated .

4. CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

Cloud computing architecture, just like any other system, is categorized into two main sections: Front End and Back End. Front End can be end user or client or any application (i.e. web browser etc.) which is using cloud services. Back End is the network of servers with any computer program and data storage system. It is usually assumed that cloud contains infinite storage capacity for any software available in market. Cloud has different applications that are hosted on their own dedicated server farms. Cloud has centralized server administration system. Centralized server administers the system, balances client supply, adjusts demands, monitors traffic and avoids congestion. This server follows protocols, commonly known as middleware. Middleware controls the communication of cloud network among them. Cloud Architecture runs on a very important assumption, which is mostly true. The assumption is that the demand for resources is not always consistent from client to cloud. Because of this reason the servers of cloud are unable to run at their full capacity. To avoid this scenario, server virtualization technique is applied. In sever virtualization, all physical servers are virtualized and they run multiple servers with either same or different application. As one physical server acts as multiple physical servers, it curtails the need for more physical machines. As a matter of fact, data is the most important part of cloud computing; thus, data security is the top most priority in all the data operations of cloud. Here, all the data are backed up at multiple locations. This astoundingly increases the data storage to multiple times in cloud compared with a regular system. Redundancy of data is crucial, which is a must-have attribute of cloud computing.

5. TYPES OF CLOUDS
5.1 PUBLIC CLOUD
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a finegrained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who shares resources and bills on a finegrained utility computing basis.

5.2 HYBRID CLOUD

A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers "will be typical for most enterprises".

5.3 PRIVATE CLOUD

Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks.These (typically virtualisation automation) products claim to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalising on data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns.They have been criticised on the basis that users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and as such do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management ,essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of corporate IT, there is some contention as to whether they are a reality even within the same firm.

6. CHARACTERSTICS
1.COST - Pricing is based on usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills are

required for implementation.

2.DEVICE AND LOCATION INDEPENDENCE - It enable users to access systems

using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g. PC, mobile
3.MULTI-TENANCY - This enables sharing of resources and costs among a large

pool of users.
4.RELIABILITY - This is suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. 5.SCALABILITY - Dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources without

users having to engineer for peak loads

6.SECURITY - It improves due to centralization of data,increased

security-

focused resources.
7.SUSTANIBILITY - This comes through improved resource utilisation, more

efficient systems.

7. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1. Ability to scale to meet changing user demands quickly 2. Pay by use. 3. Task oriented 4. Virtually no maintainence due to dynamic infrastructure software. 5. Application and operating system independent. 6. Easy to develop your own web-based applications that run in the cloud. 7. Location of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of real estate and electricity. 8. Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large pool of users ,improving overall utilization. 9. Separation of application code from physical resources. 10. Not having to purchase assets for one time or infrequent computing tasks. 11. Ability to use external assets to handle peak loads.

8. DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1. Often limited or no technical support available. 2. Canned solutions such may not be full-featured or too task oriented. 3. When there are technical issues,you may lose access to your data or application. 4. No control. 5. You must have an internet connection. 6. If the company hosting the application goes out of business,you may lose access to your data or application permanently.

9. CONCLUSION
After so many years, Cloud Computing today is the beginning of network based computing over Internet in force. It is the technology of the decade and is the enabling element of two totally new computing models, the Client-Cloud computing and the Terminal-Cloud computing. These new models would create whole generations of applications and business. Our prediction is that it is the beginning to the end of the dominance of desktop computing such as that with the Windows. It is also the beginning of a new Internet based service economy: the Internet centric, Web based, on demand, Cloud applications and computing economy.