Parts of a research paper Preliminaries are the first pages in a research paper and may include the following:

Title Page- includes the exact title of the paper, the full name of the researcher, the degree for which the paper is presented, the name of the department and college to which the paper is submitted, and the month and the year the research paper is defended Approval Sheet- contains a statement of acceptance of the research report signed by the panel Acknowledgment Sheet- writers expression of appreciation for the assistance and encouragement given him in the course of the research Abstract- gives a short description of the problem, methodology used, findings and conclusions Table of Contents- lists preliminary parts, chapter titles along with the subdivisions of the body of the reports, and the supplementary materials in the appendix List of Tables- arranged chronologically as they appear in the report List of Figures-arranged chronologically as they appear in the report Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the Study a. What is the identified research problem? b. Why is there a need to do the study about the said problem? c. What made the researcher decide to do the study? d. How does the study relate to previous investigations? B. Statement of the Problem Gives the general and specific objectives of the study C. Hypothesis a. Theoretical propositions should be expressed in the null form. b. Alpha level of significance must also be indicated. D. Significance of the Study It describes how the results of the study will be useful for various stakeholders (concerned individuals) like administrators, clients, agencies, professionals in the discipline etc. E. Scope and Limitations Scope: The boundaries in terms of time, samples, location etc. Limitations: The weakness/es of the study which are beyond the control of the researcher Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature A. Related studies both local and foreign B. Synthesis- A summary that emphasizes the relevance of the surveyed literature to the present study. It also points out how these previous research are similar to and different from the current one.

C. Theoretical Framework- theories that are relevant to the research being conducted D. Conceptual Framework- a cognitive map of the research that identifies the relationships between and among the variables of the study. This is represented in the form of a diagram. E. Definition of Terms-(sometimes part of Chapter 1) Technical terms used in the study are defined and arranged alphabetically

Chapter 3. Methodology A. Research Design a. Brief description of the research method used b. Justification on the method used for the study B. Research Locale Brief description of the place where the participants were obtained C. Sampling Procedure a. Brief description of the population b. Type of sampling and the specific technique used in selecting samples D. Instrumentation Description of the instrument, indicating whether it is original, adapted or standardized; explanation of the content, how norms are developed and interpreted; includes validity and reliability of the test E. Data Gathering Procedure Details on the gathering of data, duration and time frame F. Statistical analysis Descriptive or inferential statistics used to test the hypothesis

Chapter 4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data a. Answers all the questions raised according to chronological sequence accompanied by tables and/or graphs b. Findings should be tied-up with relevant literature. Cite the similarities, differences or uniqueness of the results with the work of others c. Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations A. Summary Synopsis of objectives, hypothesis, methodology and findings

B. Conclusions a. Inferred from results, answer hypothesis b. Give the strengths and weaknesses of the present study c. Use the present tense to allow the reader to join the researcher in deliberating what conclusion and theoretical implications are drawn from the study C. Recommendations a. Give functional and realistic suggestions based on the findings and conclusions b. Be specific about what future researchers can do based on the conclusions and weaknesses of the study End Matter Bibliography All citations, references or end notes in the manuscript must appear alphabetically arranged Appendices a. A detailed description of material/s , instruments etc. Must be included to help the reader understand, evaluate or replicate the study b. Each appendix must be cited in the text and identified by letter s A,B etc