STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGNERS HANDBOOK

Roger L. Brockenbrough
R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Editor

Frederick S. Merritt

Editor

Late Consulting Engineer, West Palm Beach, Florida

Third Edition

McGRAW-HILL, INC.
New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Structural steel designers handbook / Roger L. Brockenbrough, editor, Frederick S. Merritt, editor.3rd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-07-008782-2 1. Building, Iron and steel. 2. Steel, Structural. I. Brockenbrough, R. L. II. Merritt, Frederick S. TA684.S79 1994 624.1821dc20 93-38088 CIP

Copyright 1999, 1994, 1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN 0-07-008782-2 DOC / DOC 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

The sponsoring editor for this book was Larry S. Hager, the editing supervisor was Steven Melvin, and the production supervisor was Sherri Souffrance. It was set in Times Roman by Pro-Image Corporation. Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw-Hill, Inc. from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Other McGraw-Hill Book Edited by Roger L. Brockenbrough

Brockenbrough & Boedecker
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

Other McGraw-Hill Books Edited by Frederick S. Merritt

Merritt STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS Merritt & Ricketts BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

HANDBOOK

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CONTRIBUTORS

Boring, Delbert F., P.E. Senior Director, Construction Market, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C. (SECTION 6 BUILDING DESIGN CRITERIA) Brockenbrough, Roger L., P.E. R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Penn-

sylvania (SECTION 1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEELS AND EFFECTS OF STEELMAKING AND FABRICATION; SECTION 10 COLD-FORMED STEEL DESIGN)
Cuoco, Daniel A., P.E. Principal, LZA Technology/Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers, New York, New York (SECTION 8 FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS) Cundiff, Harry B., P.E. HBC Consulting Service Corp., Atlanta, Georgia (SECTION 11 DESIGN
CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES)

Geschwindner, Louis F., P.E. Professor of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State

University, University Park, Pennsylvania (SECTION 4 ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES)

Haris, Ali A. K., P.E. President, Haris Enggineering, Inc., Overland Park, Kansas (SECTION
7 DESIGN OF BUILDING MEMBERS)

Hedgren, Arthur W. Jr., P.E. Senior Vice President, HDR Engineering, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (SECTION 14 ARCH BRIDGES) Hedene, Alfred, P.E. Former President, Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, Inc.,

New York, New York (SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES)

Kane, T., P.E. Cives Steel Company, Roswell, Georgia (SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS) Kulicki, John M., P.E. President and Chief Engineer, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harris-

burg, Pennsylvania (SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES)

LaBoube, R. A., P.E. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla,

Rolla, Missouri (SECTION 6 BUILDING DESIGN CRITERIA)

LeRoy, David H., P.E. Vice President, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

(SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES)

Mertz, Dennis, P.E. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, New-

ark, Delaware (SECTION 11 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES)

Nickerson, Robert L., P.E. Consultant-NBE, Ltd., Hempstead, Maryland (SECTION 11 DESIGN
CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES)

Podolny, Walter, Jr., P.E. Senior Structural Engineer Bridge Division, Ofce of Bridge Technology, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D. C. (SECTION 15 CABLE-SUSPENDED BRIDGES) Prickett, Joseph E., P.E. Senior Associate, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harrisburg, Penn-

sylvania (SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES)

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CONTRIBUTORS

Roeder, Charles W., P.E. Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle,

Washington (SECTION 9 LATERAL-FORCE DESIGN)

Schaly, Thomas, Director, Fabricating & Standards, American Institute of Steel Construc-

tion, Inc., Chicago, Illinois (SECTION 2 FABRICATION AND ERECTION)

Sen, Mahir, P.E. Professional Associate, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey (SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES) Swindlehurst, John, P.E. Former Senior Professional Associate, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., West Trenton, New Jersey (SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES) Thornton, William A., P.E. Chief Engineer, Cives Steel Company, Roswell, Georgia (SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS)

Ziemian, Ronald D., Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Bucknell University, Lew-

isburg, Pennsylvania (SECTION 3 GENERAL STRUCTURAL THEORY)

FACTORS FOR CONVERSION TO SI UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

QUANTITY Length

TO CONVERT FROM CUSTOMARY U.S. UNIT inch foot lb plf psf pcf pound kip kip klf klf ksi psi foot-kips foot-kips in4 in3

TO METRIC UNIT mm mm kg kg/m kg/m2 kg/m3 N N kN N/mm kN/m MPa kPa N-mm kN-m mm4 mm3

MULTIPLY BY 25.4 304.8 0.45359 1.488 16 4.882 43 16.018 5 4.448 22 4448.22 4.448 22 14.593 9 14.593 9 6.894 76 6.894 76 1 355 817 1.355 817 416 231 16 387.064

Mass Mass/unit length Mass/unit area Mass density Force

Force/unit length

Stress

Bending Moment

Moment of inertia Section modulus

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