LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Measurement of thermal constants with laser Lasers are clean heat sources which quick start and stop Rapid heat and cooling Hence can be used for the measurement of thermal constants K, (W, cmoC) thermal conductivity , . C (J/ gm oC) heat capacity It is the measure of amount of heat that can be stored in a solid. Thermal Diffusivity (k) = K/rC
Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Measurement of k
Heat pulse from laser is Incident on the front face Back surface temperature is monitored as a function of time k = 1.37L2/ p2 t1/2
L is the thickness of sampler t1/2 is the time required to reach the back-surface to 0.5 times max back surface temperature Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Experimental arrangement
Results are obtained fast One measurement per laser pulse Insulators/building materials for better energy saving (k) = K/rC relation can be used to calculate othe constants

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Metallurgical effects Rapid heating and cooling rates by laser pulses 106 oC/sec to 1010 oC/sec Results in the formation of new metallurgical phases This development of new metallurgical phases/dislocations On treatment with laser pulses are termed laser metallurgical effects. This gives a powerful tool to study new phases in very very short time.
Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Metallurgical effects contd.

Examples 1. New phase of Fe-C was discovered by laser treatment 2. Thermal etching in materials like Cu 3. Study of dislocations in almumium 4. And so on

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD)

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

PLD contd.
Diamond, Al2O3 , coatings

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

PDL contd.
Advantages
(i) Superior adhesion and reduced stress result from a metallurgical bond between the diamond and substrate. (ii) The process is carried out in atmosphere, without the restrictions of a vacuum chamber. (iii) Almost any size or shape can be coated by controlling movements of the lasers or work-piece. (iv) Pre-treatment and/or preheating of the substrate is not required, permitting coating substrate of asmanufactured components and elimination of wet chemistry pre-treatment.
Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

PDL advantages Contd.

(v) Only carbon dioxide is used as a primary / secondary
source for carbon with nitrogen acting as a shield and possible stockpiling process ingredient. This replaces the use of dangerous gases such as hydrogen and methane, critical ingredients in the CVD process. (vi) Deposition rates are dramatically increased, with linear growth rates exceeding 1 micron per second as opposed to 1 to 5 microns per hour by CVD. (vi) The process can be applied to almost any substrate such as stainless steel, high-speed steel, iron, plastic, glass, copper,aluminum, titanium and silicon.
Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Crystal growth Crystal growth techniques 1. Solution Growth 2. Growth from the melt 3. Growth from vapour
The fundamentals are relatively simple but the interactions involved and the individuality of the different materials are so complex that theoretical predictions have met with very limited success.

Crystal growth is an art

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2010-11

Typical LHPG setup

CO2 laser
Focusing mirrors

Sample rod pushing mechanism Pulling mechanism

He-Ne laser for alignment

Sample rod

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

Typical growth (material LAP)

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2010-11

Typical growth contd. (material LiNbO3)

Melt

Initial growth

Feed rod

Final fiber

LPU/PHY 803/Laser Technology

Autumn Term 2012-13

1.

2.
3. 4.

Advantages Very less time consuming; hours compared to days in case non-laser techniques As long as material absorbs the laser radiation no max temperature limit Rapid quenching Less material required

Class room presentations for internal use in LPU only