SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

QSB1514 Construction Technology 1 Taiwan Taipei 101 April Semester 2013 Group Assignment Group 2 Submission Date: 26/6/2013

Name

Student ID

Topic

Marks

Jenny Wong Yen Li

0314518

How does Industrial Building Systems help during construction Industrialised building system implemented during the construction. Type of structural and main material used in the construction of Taipei 101 Background information of TAIPEI 101

Lim Ai Pei

0307972

Lim Fang Shiuan

0310399

Lai Min Yan

0314183

Background information of TAIPEI 101

With 101 stories above ground and 5 stories below, the 1667-foot-tall Taipei 101 is an outstanding landmark to bring Taipei, Taiwan to the world. Taipei 101 is the largest engineering project ever in the history of the Taiwan construction business. It was developed by Taiwan Financial Centre Corporation and built by Turner Construction. The formerly name of Taipei 101 is known as Taipei World Financial Centre which was derived from the name of the owner. It is the $700 million office tower and was designed by the world-class local firm C.Y. Lee & Partners. Before the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai with 2722-foot-tall in 2010, Taipei 101 was ranked officially as the worlds tallest building for the greatest height from ground to pinnacle when the construction was finished in 2004. According to the conception of Taipei 101, the greatest challenge in designing a statement building is not the construction technology involved, but how the building reflects the culture in which it functions. The spirit of architecture lies in the balance between local culture and internationalism.

The design approach of Taipei 101 is surpassing the uni-body concept with its unique sloping walls which are divided into eight parts, incorporates the traditional Chinese pagoda form and the shape of bamboo flowers growing in different sections. Eight-floor structural units are connected one by one on top of each other to form the whole. It is based on the Chinese lucky number 8, a homonym for prosperity in Chinese culture. Its design is inspired by its cultural environment. This kind of rhythmic aesthetic style has created a new figure to skyscrapers. It brings the positive message of moving forward to embrace the future and open new possibilities with the world.

Type of structural and main material used in the construction if Taipei 101 We were ask to do research on the structure and the main materials used on the Taipei 101. As usual, buildings were built using concrete, reinforcement bars and so on. Taipei 101 is not an exception, Taipei 101 weight as much as 700,000 metric tons, it was the world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010. (Binder, 2008), its weight is thought to have reopened an ancient earthquake fault that may cause future earthquakes. The soil under Taipei 101 is weak and unable to support Taipei 101, they found solid earth after they dug past 50m and there was where the Taipei 101 was fused to. 380 piles are fused into the ground, they are sunk into the ground of 80 meters deep for the foundations. (Binder,2008), there are 36 columns supporting Taipei 101, including the super-columns, sub-super-columns and corner columns. Each face of the building has two super columns, two sub-super-columns and two corner columns. The super-columns and sub-supercolumns are steel box sections, filled with 10,000 psi high performance concrete on lower floors for strength and stiffness up to the 62nd floor. For concreting of 10,000 psi high performance filled-in concrete, it is pumped in to the bottom of the column, so the flow ability is crucial to ensure there is no air trapped underneath the continuity steel plates. The building has used high performance of steel construction to achieve both strength and flexibility for the tower. (MobileRefrence, 2011).The balance of perimeter framing is a sloping Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF), a rigidlyconnected grid of stiff beams and H shape columns which follows the towers exterior wall slope down each 8 story module. At each setback level, gravity load is transferred to super-columns through a story-high diagonalized truss in the plane of the SMRF. The tower is made from pliant steel, which is strong and yet has a low yield to ultimate tensile stress ratio so as to be able to accommodate plastic strain in the event of natural disasters. TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) was installed in the building to resist the wind load taken by the building, the 700 ton damper is installed near top of the building, it function as a counteracting pendulums. It sways to resist energy build up in towers oscillation. The system transfers the energy from the building to the swinging sphere, providing a stabilizing force. There are also two smaller dampers helping to relieve the nearly constant wind buffeting. Metal fatigue and failure would occur within decades without the damping. The Taipei 101 has curtain wall facades, it is a continuous sheet of panels hung onto the side of a building over the framework. The glass was supplied by Viracon, Inc., and the facade maintenance system supplier was CoxGomyl. The blue-green glass curtain walls, characteristic of Taipei 101, are double-paned and glazed, so as to provide heat and UV protection. The glass panes are not only sturdy but can also block external heat by 50%.

Super column

700 ton damper

Blue-green glass curtain wall

Industrialised building system implemented during the construction. Industrialised building system in short IBS is a of mechanized production design in which the subsystems and components have been integrated into an overall process, utilizing factors of planning, design, programming, production, transportation, and on-site assembly techniques.( The free dictionary,2013) In simpler words, products for construction such as walls, slabs and many one are made in a factory them assemble on site. The IBS can be divided in to 5 common types that are, precast concrete system, formwork system, brickwork system, steel frame system and timber frame system. With this IBS system construction industries are increase productivity, reduce wastage of material and time and reduce dangerous working environments.( Mohamad abedi, 2012) Based on the Taipei 101, IBS that were implemented during the construction were the steel columns and the Tuned mass damper. Steel columns for the building where specially made in the factory according to the buildings needs it has to be strong enough to withstand the buildings load but soft enough to we wielded. On site they join 30 90tons box sections by welding it in too a single unit, than becoming structural columns for the building.

Steel column The weight of the damper that is approximately 660 tons damper, due to its weight it had to be manufactured off site. It is manufactured in sections then later transported and welded together on site because the carinas could carry the dampers weight. The Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a specially designed passive damper that reduces wind movement in high-rises building such at Taipei 101 and is located between the 87th and 91st Floors the viewing for the damper is open to the public. It can be viewed from the 88th and 89th floor. It is held by 16 10cm steel cords. A bumper system of eight snubber hydraulic viscous dampers beneath the TMD absorbs vibration impacts, particularly in major typhoons or earthquakes where movements are more 150 cm. (":::::: 101 ::::::", 2005)

Tuned Mass Damper

Snubber Hydraulic Viscous Dampers

How does Industrial Building Systems help during construction? IBS is a construction technique where components are manufactured in a controlled environment, transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works.( "Latest - IBS Defination", n.d.) This system helps to shorten the construction period, lower the construction costs and ensure a better construction quality.( "Kimlun Group | Industrial Building Systems | IBS", n.d) The IBS is 2 times faster than the conventional method. At the same time, it reduces the workers as well. This system requires no formwork too. Furthermore, it is environmental- friendly as well. It also provides a smoother surface for finishes of walls and slabs comparing to the conventional method. ("Advantages of IBS", n.d.)However, there are some disadvantages for using this system too. The standardization of building components and elements results in lack of aesthetic value. Another major problem is when the contractors have bad workmanship while using prefabricated panels, this can results in the problems with the joints (water leakages). Other than that, these pre-cast components are considered to be inflexible with respect to renovations.( "Advantages of IBS", n.d.) There are 5 main groups of IBS in Malaysia, such as precast concrete frames, formwork systems, block work systems, steel frame systems and prefabricated timber frames.( "Types of IBS", n.d )

Pre-cast formwork

Pre-cast block work

Pre-cast steel frame

Pre-cast concrete frame

The Singapores HDB flats which used a of IBS system

References

(2002). Taipei 101. Retrieved June 22, 2013, from http://beauty-places.com/taipei-101/ (Discovery Channel) TAIPEI 101 (2/5) [Video file]. (2008, January 24). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYyqzjOv3ag&list=PL933C6F772C03AE32 (Discovery Channel) TAIPEI 101 (4/5) [Video file]. (2008, January 28). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E_Ii-xCiLs&list=PL933C6F772C03AE32 :::::: ??101 ::::::. (2005). Retrieved June 20, 2013, from http://www.taipei101.com.tw/en/OB/about/damper.asp Advantages of IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2013, from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=13&Itemid=19 Advantages of IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=13&Itemid=19 Eric, Y. (2011, June 7). The Advantages & Disadvantages of the Industrialized Building Systems (IBS). ~ Eric Yong's Blog - Corporate. Retrieved June 20, 2013, from http://fromthepenthouse.blogspot.com/2011/07/advantages-disadvantagesof.html The free dictonary (2013). industrialized building system definition of industrialized building system in the Free Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 24, 2013, from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/industrialized+building+system Kimlun Group | Industrial Building Systems | IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2013, from http://www.kimlun.com/industrial_building_systems.html Latest - IBS Defination. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=12&Itemid=18 Mohamad abedi (2012, July 15). Retrieved June 20, 2013, from http://dda2132.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/2012-dda2132-introduction-toibs.pdf Types of IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=14&Itemid=20)%20It%20is%20proven%20that%20IBS%20can%20b e%20explained%20using%20BCF%20for%20%E2%80%9CBetter,%20Competi tive%20and%20Faster%E2%80%9D

Binder, G. (2008). Taipei 101. Mulgrave, Victoria3170, Australia: The Image Publishing Group Pty Ltd. Lubell, S. (2003). Taipei 101 tower aims for height, but also safety. Architectural Record, 191(11), 36. Lubell, S. (2004). Now opening: new projects around the world: Taipei 101, Taiwan. Architectural Record, 192(12), 34. TFC Corp. (2009). Building Introduction. Retrieved June 22, 2013, from http://www.taipei101.com.tw/ Travel Taipei For MobileReference. (2011). Boston, USA: MobileRefrence.

Bibliography (Discovery Channel) TAIPEI 101 (1/5) [Video file]. (2008, June 24). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZuIXRMrh6I&list=PL933C6F772C03AE32 (Discovery Channel) TAIPEI 101 (3/5) [Video file]. (2008, June 24). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xF7foZ-oiSo&list=PL933C6F772C03AE32 The Advantages & Disadvantages of the Industrialized Building Systems (IBS). ~ Eric Yong's Blog Corporate. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://fromthepenthouse.blogspot.com/2011/07/advantages-disadvantages-of.html Advantages of IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1 3&Itemid=19 Industrialized Building System. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3 &Itemid=4 Types of IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.provenholding.com/v2/mobile/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1 4&Itemid=20