AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IM- AND -IZE IN THE NOVEL GREAT EXPECTATION BY CHARLES DICKENS

(A Study of Morphology and Semantics)

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

By: VENA SUPARTINI NIM: 09320001

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS PUTRA INDONESIA UNIVERSITY CIANJUR 2013

AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IM- AND -IZE IN THE NOVEL GREAT EXPECTATION BY CHARLES DICKENS PROPOSAL

In this proposal, the writer explored the whole aspect due to the introduction of her research paper. They include ; the background of the research, identification of the research, the aims of the research, the benefits of the research, the method of the research, limitation of the research, and the organization of the writing. A. The Background of the Research According to Richard et al., (1985:153,154) Language is the system of human communication by means of a structured arrangement of sound (or their written representation) to form large units. Sometimes a language is spoken by most people in a particular country but sometimes a language is spoken by only part of the population of a country. Languages are usually not spoken in exactly the same way from one part of a country to the other. Differences in the way a language is spoken by different people are described in terms of regional and social variation such as dialect and sociolect. Language is the most effective media for communication to express a message. In daily life, human use language to communicate with other people that what I expected from other people can be reached. Languages are linked to each othes by shared words or sounds or grammatical constructions. The theory is that the members of each linguistic group have descended from one language, a common ancestor. In many cases that original language is judged by the experts to have been spoken in surprisingly recent times as little as a few thousand years ago.

English language is a language spoken in many countries and used as a language of international communication throughout the world (Oxford, 2007:506). It is spoken as primary language of the majority of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, territories of the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and many other countries with a colonial past (Encarta, 2009). It is also, as the reason of international language, used as the language of technology and diplomacy. Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. There are some branches of linguistics, such as: grammar (the study of language structure which focuses on the elaborate and formal systems of rules that are followed by fluent language speakers), morphology (the formation and composition words), syntax (the rules that determine how words combine into phrases and sentences), phonology (the study of sound systems and abstract sound units), phonetics (the branch of linguistics which concerned with actual properties of speech sounds, no speech sounds, and how they are produced), semantics (how meaning is inferred from words and concepts), pragmatics (how meaning is inferred from context), etc. Morphology is one of the linguistic branches; Morphology is a field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and formation of words in a language. According to Hornbys Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English, morphology is Study of the morphemes of a language and of how they are combined to make word . Words are normally formed by adding Affixes to the base word. Affixes can be divided into three - Prefixes, Infixes and Suffixes. Prefixes are particles added in front of the base word, whereas, suffixes are particles added behind the base word. Infixes are particles which are added in the

middle of the word, and can have both a prefix as well as a suffix attached to them.

Another branch of linguistic is Semantics, the study of meaning in human language. According to Websters New Twentieth Century Dictionary by Webster (1979:1219), Semantics is the branch of linguistics concerned with the nature, the structure, and the development and changes of the meaning of speech forms, or with textual meaning. In the novel, the writer find many Affixes with a prefix im- and suffix -ize form, so the writer decided to analyze them. After analyzing the problem and make a conclusion about it, the writer then titled this essay as An Analysis of Affixes im- and ize in the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens ( A Study of Morphology and Semantics)

B. Research Question 1. To know what is Affixes ? 2. To know what are prefix and Suffix ? 3. How to analyze Prefix and Suffix in word ? 4. To know function of prefix Im- and Suffix -ize in word ?

C. The Aims of the Research 1. To give explanation about Affixes 2. To give explanation about prefix and suffix 3. Analyzing Prefix and suffix in word 4. Knowing the prefix im- and suffix -ize in word