UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT

Authors full name : Date of birth Title : :

MOHD FARID BIN ABD AZIZ 15 JANUARY 1988 DESIGNING SENSOR SYSTEM FOR DETECTING CHICKEN MOVEMENT AND BEHAVIOR

Academic Session :

2011/2012

I declare that this thesis is classified as:

CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED OPEN ACCESS
(Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* (Contains restricted information as specified by the organisation where research was done)* I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access (full text)

I acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows: 1. The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. 3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange. Certified by:

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR

880115-01-5279
(NEW IC NO. /PASSPORT NO.) Date : JUNE 2012

DR MOHD FAUZI BIN OTHMAN

NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date : JUNE 2012

NOTES :

* 25 APRIL If the 2010 thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please with the letter from Date: Date : 25 attach APRIL 2010
the organisation with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction.

I acknowledge that I have studied this piece of work and in my opinion it is in accordance with the scope requirement and quality for the purpose of awarding the Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical Control and Instrumentation)

Signature Name of Supervisor Date

: : : DR MOHD FAUZI BIN OTHMAN JUNE 2012

DESIGNING SENSOR SYSTEM FOR DETECTING CHICKEN MOVEMENT AND BEHAVIOR

MOHD FARID BIN ABD AZIZ

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical Control and Instrumentation)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

JUNE 2012

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I declare that this thesis entitled Designing Sensor System for Detecting Chicken Movement and Behavior is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree

Signature Name Date

: : :

............................................. MOHD FARID BIN ABD AZIZ JUNE 2012

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To my beloved wife, family, family-in-laws, brothers and sisters. Thank you for your prayer, love and encouragement. To all the lecturers who have guided me, and to all my friends for your help and support, I thank you all.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In The Name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The most Merciful

Alhamdulillah, with all praise and gratitude to Allah S.W.T for giving me the intelligence, strength, fortune and health to finish my final year project throughout these two semesters.

Firstly, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Mohd Fauzi bin Othman for his valuable guidance, support and suggestion. Without his support and interest, this project would not able to be presented here.

Also, the deepest appreciation goes to my family and family-in-laws, whose have been most tolerant and support Ive all these years. Thanks for the encouragement, love and emotional support that all of you had given me

Lastly, I would like to thank to all of my friends for their endless support and assistance at various occasions.

ABSTRACT

The development of this sensor system is to detect early sickness of chickens in a real situation. Usually the healthiness of a chicken is related to its movement. An unhealthy chicken rarely moves (inactive) and loses its appetite. Here, the movement of a chicken is detected using an accelerometer sensor. The data obtained from the accelerometer sensor is transmitted wirelessly from the chicken to the receiver or base station (monitoring station). The wireless communication application is used because a poultry farm covers a very wide area and it can transmit the data more efficiently compared to using wire. The data received by the receiver or base station will be processed and then shown on a gravity graph consisting of a three-axis of accelerometer data. The data is then displayed using LabVIEW where it displays the real time data. The processed data will also be saved for future analysis. The saved data can be used for non-real time monitoring graph by using MATLAB.

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ABSTRAK

Pembangunan sistem sensor ini adalah untuk mengesan penyakit awal ayam dalam situasi sebenar. Biasanya kesihatan ayam berkaitan dengan pergerakannya. Ayam yang tidak sihat kebiasaannya jarang bergerak (tidak aktif) dan hilang selera makan. Disini, pergerakan ayam dikesan menggunakan sensor accelerometer. Data yang diperolehi daripada sensor accelerometer dihantar dengan komunikasi tanpa wayar dari ayam kepada stesen penerima atau receiver (stesen pemantauan). Aplikasi komunikasi tanpa wayar digunakan kerana ladang ayam meliputi kawasan yang sangat luas dan ia boleh menghantar data lebih lancar berbandingkan dengan komunikasi menggunakan wayar. Data yang diterima oleh stesen penerima atau receiver akan diproses dan kemudian dipaparkan pada graf graviti yang terdiri daripada paksi tiga data pecutan. Data kemudiannya dipaparkan menggunakan LabVIEW di mana ia memaparkan graf data masa sebenar. Data yang diproses juga akan disimpan untuk analisis masa depan. Data yang disimpan boleh digunakan untuk graf bukan masa-sebenar dengan menggunakan MATLAB.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER DECLARATION DEDICATION

TITLE

PAGE ii iii iv v vi vii x xi xiii xiv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF EQUATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Project Background 1.3 Problem Statement 1.4 Objective 1.5 Scope 1.6 Summary of Work 1 1 2 2 3 4

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chicken Sickness Symptoms 2.3 Accelerometer 2.3.1 Positioning Algorithm of Accelerometer 6 6 7 8

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2.3.2

Accelerometer application

9 10 11 12 13 14

2.4 X-Bee Wireless Protocol 2.4.1 Technology Overview

2.4.2 X-Bee wireless module application 2.5 Arduino Microcontroller Board 2.6 Programming Software

METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 3.2 System Overview 3.2.1 The methodology flow 15 15 16 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 25

3.3 Hardware Implementation(Transmitter) 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 5V Voltage regulator Interface ADXL335 with Arduino Interface Arduino with X-Bee module Transmitter circuit

3.4 Hardware Implementation(Receiver) 3.4.1 Interface X-Bee shield with Arduino

3.5 Communication between Two X-Bee 3.6 Software Implementation

SYSTEM DESIGN 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Full System Operation 27 27

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transmitter Testing 5.3 Receiver Testing 5.4 Full System Testing 5.5 Discussion 30 30 31 32 37

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Conclusion 6.3 Recommendation 39 39 40

REFERENCES

41

APPENDICES

43

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. 1.1 1.2

TITLE FYP1 FYP2

PAGE 5 5

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

TITLE Sample signal of accelerometer Comparison between RF modules Mesh topology Mesh architecture reliability Methodology flow Voltage regulator circuit Connection between Arduino and accelerometer Connection between Arduino and X-Bee Transmitter Circuit Set up for receiver Setting for transmitter Setting for receiver LabVIEW block diagram LabVIEW front panel Full system operation Flow chart for system operation Transmitter testing Receiver testing Transmitter is attached to the chickens body Receiver in a standby mode

PAGE 9 11 12 13 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 26 29 30 31 32 33 34

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5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9

Result from serial monitor Result from LabVIEW Chicken in static condition Chicken in walking condition Chicken in running condition

34 36 37 37 38

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LIST OF EQUATIONS

EQUATION NO. 2.1

TITLE Formula for acceleration and velocity

PAGE 8

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDICES A B C D E F

TITLE Arduino Coding for Accelerometer Sensor Accelerometer Circuit Diagram Arduino UNO Datasheet Accelerometer Datasheet X-Bee Datasheet X-Bee shield Diagram

PAGE 43 45 46 55 59 64

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction

This chapter will discuss the project background, problem statement, objective, scope and summary of work. In addition, this chapter will lay out the trend of this project in the market.

1.2

Project Background

Chicken meat is one of best sources of protein required by our society. The low price compared to meat makes chicken a popular alternative and in demand by customers. Furthermore, the cost for operating the chicken stock is cheaper compared to beef cattle. Usually, the important factor in operating the poultry farm is the health condition factor of the chickens. Usually, the health of the chicken is related to its activeness. When a chicken is unhealthy, it will not move regularly compared to a healthy chicken, where it will be very active.

Sometimes, farmers are not aware about the health of their chickens. The greater the number of chickens in the poultry farm the harder for them to detect which chicken is sick. The advancement in technology can overcome this problem where the sensor is designed to detect sick chickens. In addition, the wireless system also provides the data to be sent wirelessly from the chicken coop to the receiver for monitoring the chicken movement behavior

1.3

Problem Statement

There are four problem statements for this project. Firstly, this project was designed to detect the early sickness of chickens. Nowadays, many sicknesses and viruses can attack poultry farm industries. The latest virus is the Avian Influenza (bird flu). By designing this system, the early sickness chickens can be detected just by looking at the chicken movement and analyzing its behavior.

The, data from the transmitter is then transmitted wirelessly. The wireless system is more convenient when it comes to a large poultry area. This method is more reasonable compared to the wired method.

1.4

Objective

The main objective of the project is to design the system for detecting chicken movement. From the chicken movement, analysis is performed to understand the

behavior of the chicken. There are two categories of chicken behavior, either the chicken is active or inactive. Usually an inactive chicken would be considered unhealthy. The movements data from the sensor must be transmitted wirelessly from the chicken to the receiver using X-Bee wireless module. Then, the receiver will process the data and shown on a real time graph. Lastly, the storage system data will save the data received for further analysis.

1.5

Scope

The scope of this project is to design a transmitter and receiver pair which can cater the important features for data transmitting and receiving. X-Bee wireless communication technology is implemented as a communication between this transmitter and receiver. This project consists of two major parts, which are hardware and software parts.

In the hardware part, the components for the transmitter consist of accelerometer sensor, Arduino microcontroller board, X-Bee wireless module and voltage regulator. The receiver consists of Arduino microcontroller board, X-Bee wireless module and XBee shield.

In the software part, C language is used for the transmitter, in which the data from the accelerometer sensor will be processed before transmission. For monitoring signals from the sensor, the software used is Labview. The Labview will show the real time graph, and the gravity value for data saving.

At the end of this project, one transmitter and one receiver are produced. The range of communication between the transmitter and receiver can be up to 100 meters without blocking and suitable to be applied for a poultry farm with an area of 300x300 meters square.

1.6

Summary of Work

Implementation and work of the project during the first and second semesters are summarized into a Gantt chart as shown in the next page.

Table 1: Research schedule for FYP-1 Week Task FYP briefing Literature review Investigating of simulation model FYP-1 presentation Writing a report Submit the report 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Table 2: Research schedule for FYP-2 Week Task Hardware part Software part Running the system FYP-2 seminar Complete submit thesis and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Introduction

This chapter includes the study on related projects and the gathering of information from related technical papers and published journals. In addition, there will be a brief introduction on chicken sickness symptoms, the Arduino microcontroller which uses the ATmega 328 microcontroller, the sensing method of accelerometer sensor and the application of X-Bee wireless module.

2.2

Chicken Sickness Symptoms

A sick chicken works hard not to show any sign of weakness and sickness. This is to avoid becoming prey any predator. When it is sick for a long period, it will not able to hide its condition. Usually, it will reduce its movement activity and its appetite also become poor.The poultry farmer will detect the sickness of the

chicken from poultry manure. Normally, the unhealthy chicken will produce thin and light poultry manure. Then, the antidote will be given to all chicken in the coop, included healthy chicken ones. [8]

These are the factors that contribute to the sickness chicken Injury Virus infection Hypo or hyperthermia (too cool or too hot environment) Old age Malnutrition Lack of sunshine or fresh air Poisoned

2.3

Accelerometer

Accelerometer sensors measure the acceleration experienced by the sensor and anything to which the sensor is directly attached [1]. For this project, tripe axis accelerometer sensor will be used which consists x-axis, y-axis and z-axis. Accelerometer has two types of detection which are static acceleration and dynamic acceleration.

Static acceleration entangles only tilt sensing while dynamic acceleration involves motion, shock and vibration sensing. For this chapter, only dynamic acceleration will be discussed. Dynamic acceleration allows the changes of gravity values when there are changes in position. This application is suitable for measuring and

detecting chickens motion. In addition, accelerometer will change gravity values when there are changes in the axis position [6].

2.3.1

Positioning Algorithm of Accelerometer

To ensure that the accelerometer functions as a sensor, we must understand the poisoning algorithm of accelerometer. Firstly, accelerometer can be defined as a sensor that measures the acceleration experience and anything to which the sensor is directly attached. It can also be defined as the rate of change of velocity of the object. Hence, the rate of change of velocity can be defined as in Equation 2.1.

Equation 2.1: Formula for acceleration and velocity

However, if we want to find the position data of an object, we must do double integration of acceleration. The double integration can be defined as the area below the curve as shown in Figure 2.1. The integral is the sum of very a small areas where the width value is almost zero [6].

Figure 2.1: Sample signal of accelerometer

However, there are losses in the sampling which affect the accuracy in the obtained data in a real situation case. So, zero reference must be taken into account.

3.3.2

Accelerometer application

This accelerometer sensor can be used for various applications. One of the applications is for measuring the physical activity in children. This application is designed to measure the physical activity level of children. . The childrens activities will be recorded and the data will be analyzed to determine whether the children are active or not. Then, we can determine the potential reasons of why some children become active [15].

For pet monitoring, the accelerometer is used for monitoring spontaneous activity in dogs. In this project, four healthy dogs are chosen and five identical accelerometers are attached to each dog to get the output. Then the dogs are placed at

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different locations and the data from the dogs are recorded. The data then are analyzed to determine which place is the most convenient to them [16].

For environment monitoring, the accelerometer is used for monitoring earthquake and landslide. When a slight change in angle value occurs, the alarm will be ON to alert the people around that area [17].

2.4

X-Bee Wireless Protocol

X-Bee is a set protocol that uses the 802.15.4 standard as a baseline and adds additional routing and networking functionality. This module is an embedded solution reserving wireless-end-point connectivity to a device. These modules use the IEEE 802.15.4 networking protocol for fast-to-multipoint or peer-to-peer networking. It is designed to fulfill the low power and low cost wireless requirement [5].

The X-Bee Alliance developed the X-Bee protocol and it was a group of companies working in cooperation. These groups of companies developed a network protocol that can be used in a variety of commercial and industrial low data rate applications. X-Bee is a LR-WPAN technology and is built up from the lower layers of IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPA standard. While the 802.15.4 standard defies the lower-level Physical and MAC layers, the X-Bee standard defines the higher-level network and application layers as well as the security services [7].

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2.4.1

Technology Overview

The 802.15.4 is a standard for wireless communication approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE is a technical professional association that has put out numerous standards to encourage growth and interoperability of existing and latest technologies. The 802.15.4 standard also permits the communication for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint configuration [7].

X-Bee has a capability for low power applications. It fits well into embedded systems and those markets where reliability and versatility are important but not in high bandwidth. There is a comparison of features with other wireless technologies and their different applications are shown in Figure 2.3. The lower data rate of the X-Bee device allows for better sensitivity and range, but offers fewer throughputs. The primary advantage of X-Bee lies in its ability to provide low power consumption and extended battery life.

Figure 2.2: Comparison between RF protocols

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2.4.2

X-Bee wireless module application

By using X-Bee wireless module, many applications can be done. The most popular application for environment monitoring is in agriculture. For a wide area, X-Bee wireless module is a suitable and convenient method for data transmission. This method will help the farmer to monitoring their farms. Usually, the farmer will install the wireless sensor network around the farm. The sensor used will be for movement detection like infrared sensor for detecting the presence of thieves. Commonly, the Mesh topology method will be installed around the farm. Mesh topology is multi-hopping system where the wireless systems nodes communicate with each other to hop the data from the sensor node to the base station. Then, the wireless sensor can pass the command to each other in a mesh network, avoiding the need to communicate with each other through a base station [14]. If a sensor node fails, it will find the other nearest sensor node to transmit the data. Figure 2.3 shows the mesh topology overview.

Figure 2.3: Mesh topology

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Figure 2.4: Mesh architecture reliability

2.5

Arduino Microcontroller Board

Arduino microcontroller board is a popular open-source board microcontroller that is used electronics in multidisciplinary electronic application. This hardware provides a simple open hardware designed with an Atmel AVR processor and on-board input and output support. The software of Arduino microcontroller board consists of a standard program language compiler and the boot loader that runs on the board [9].

Arduino microcontroller board is programmed using a Wiring-based language, similar to C++ with slight simplifications, modification and processing-based integrated development environment. The Arduino UNO board is used for this thesis because it is commonly used and is also cheaper compared to other boards.

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2.6

Programming Software

The programming software used for this thesis is LabVIEW and MATLAB software. LabVIEW is a graphical development environment software provided by the National Instrument Company and provides Virtual Instrument (VI) tools, a test sequencing and management environment. It is a powerful system design software for tasks performed by engineers and scientists. A VI can either run as a program, with the front panel serving as a user interface or when dropped as a node onto the block diagram. The front panel defines the input and output for the given node through the connector panel. The graphical approach also allows non-programmers to build programs by dragging and dropping virtual representations of lab equipment with which they are already familiar. For this thesis, the LabVIEW software will be used to show real time graph of chicken movement. Then, the data logging and communication port also provides the data for both current and future analysis [8]. MATLAB is a programming environment for algorithm development, data analysis, visualization and numerical computation. By using MATLAB, the technical computer problem can be solved faster than traditional programming language such as C programming, C++ programming and Fortran [8]. In additional, MATLAB can be used in a wide range of applications. It consists of signal and image, processing, communications, control design, test and measurement, financial modeling and analysis and computation biology. For this thesis, MATLAB application is used for modeling and analysis of the data from the receiver.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1

Introduction

This chapter explains the system overview and flow of the final year thesis and the function of the main component for mechanisms, electronics and software.

3.2

System Overview

This system consists of two major parts which are the transmitter and receiver. For the transmitter, it consists of a power supply part and sensor system part. The power supply system has to supply 5V to the Arduino microcontroller board. Lithium polymer battery was used to supply the microcontroller board. Yet, the voltage must be regulated first because the voltage requirement cannot exceed 5V. By using a voltage regulator, the desired voltage can be obtained. For the sensor part, the main brain will be Arduino microcontroller board which uses Atmel AVR processor. The accelerometer will detect the movement sensor for the chicken.

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The output will be the gravity value of the accelerometer sensor. The gravity value will be sent wirelessly using X-Bee wireless module. Then, the receiver will receive the output to be displayed at the computer. The output will display a real time waveform. Figure 3.1 will show the design system flow for the whole thesis.

Literature review. Study on the technology required

Fabrication stage 5: Circuit repairing

Fabrication stage 6: Transmitter-Receiver connectivity checking

Fabrication stage 1: Circuit Design

Fabrication stage 4: Circuit testing

Fabrication stage 7: Programming

Fabrication stage 2: Select the suitable component

Fabrication stage 3: Circuit constuction

Analysis and test: Documentation

Figure 3.1: Methodology flow

3.2.1

The methodology flow

i.

Literature review Firstly, after obtaining the title of thesis, internet research was made relating to chicken sickness symptoms and wireless accelerometer. From there we were able to gather important information about chicken behavior such as when it became sick and also information on wireless accelerometer. Regarding the wireless

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accelerometer sensor, the required components to fabricate the system is also obtained.

Furthermore, information from previous thesis done by graduates from FKE Digital Library are also referred.

ii.

Fabrication stage 1: Circuit design For this thesis, only the transmitter part that needed to be designed. Firstly, the circuit was supplied with 5V to the Arduino microcontroller board. Then, the Arduino microcontroller board would distribute power to the accelerometer sensor and X-Bee wireless module.

iii.

Fabrication stage 2: Select the suitable component This process must be done carefully because the components were costly. After successfully designing the circuit, the circuit construction was carried out.

iv.

Fabrication stage 3: Circuit construction

The constructions of the transmitter require high degree of patience. It was because all the components had to be soldered on the strip board. Some components were also very sensitive.

v.

Fabrication stage 4: Circuit testing

After finishing circuit the construction, the circuit must be tested to ensure that it functioned properly. One LED indicator was placed on the circuit to indicate that the circuit functions properly. Then, the measurement was done at the sensor by

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placing a voltmeter at the accelerometers axis and grounding. Every changes of axis would change the output voltage from the sensor.

vi.

Fabrication stage 5: Circuit repairing

While the circuit construction was underway, there were some errors during the installation. Usually, errors would occur when resistor values were wrongly chosen and grounding wrongly system connected to the component.

vii.

Fabrication stage 6: Transmitter-Receiver connectivity checking

Connectivity between transmitter and receiver can be checked by using X-CTU software. When the source and destination addresses were matched between two X-Bee wireless modules, the reading will occur by using this software.

viii.

Fabrication stage 7: Programming

This stage involved writing the program which detected the movement of the chicken. The language for the programming is the C language.

ix.

Analysis and test: Documentation The sensor and wireless transmission devices were tested again to ensure that the system functions properly.

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3.3

Hardware Implementation(Transmitter)

Transmitter is a very important part to ensure that this thesis was successfully implemented. It can be proved because the accelerometer sensor is placed at the transmitter to detect chicken movement. This section will discuss how the important components merged into a single transmitter system.

3.3.1

5V Voltage regulator

Since Arduino microcontroller board can only operate with a supply of 5V, voltage regulator circuit is needed. This circuit is implemented by using an LM7805 voltage regulator and a pair of coupling capacitor to reduce noise and stabilize the voltage signal. In additional, a diode is used to protect the LM7805 and microcontroller board from the opposite direction of the electric current. The opposite direction electric current can damage the component on the board. The complete circuit is shown in Figure 3.2.

Capacitor Switch

Voltage Regulator Diode

Figure 3.2: Voltage regulator circuit

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3.3.2

Interface ADXL335 with Arduino

ADXL335 is the accelerometer sensor model used for this thesis. It is a triple axis accelerometer that is designed by Analog Device where the sensor comes with a breakout board that simplifies the soldering work. The output of this sensor is analog voltage relative to acceleration. By using Arduino microcontroller board, the output from the accelerometer sensor will be sent to the TX pin for wireless data transmission. Figure 3.3 shows the connection between Arduino microcontroller board and accelerometer sensor.

Figure 3.3: Connection between Arduino and Accelerometer

3.3.3

Interface Arduino with X-Bee wireless module

X-Bee wireless module was engineered to meet IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It supports the unique needs of low cost and low powered wireless sensor networks. For this thesis, the X-Bee modules are used as a data transmission between transmitter and receiver. The processed signal from the accelerometer sensor will be sent out by

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transmitter (TX) pin at the Arduino microcontroller board. The connection between the Arduino and X-Bee wireless module is shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4: Connection between Arduino and X-Bee

3.3.4

Transmitter circuit

Transmitter circuit is a combination between sensor breakout board and Arduino microcontroller. Sensor breakout board consists of a soldered accelerometer sensor, the X-Bee wireless module that be connected with the Arduino microcontroller board as mentioned before. A 5V regulated circuit is used to supply power to the Arduino microcontroller board. Figure 3.5 shows the combination between the Arduino microcontroller board and sensor breakout circuit.

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Figure 3.5: Transmitter circuit

3.4

Hardware Implementation(Receiver)

The receiver functions as a data recipient from the transmitter circuit. Then, the data received will be sent to the computer for display and analysis.

3.4.1

Interface X-Bee shield with Arduino

To set up the receiver, there are a few steps that must be followed. Firstly, the Atmel processor must be removed from the Arduino microcontroller board. Then, moving to the X-Bee shield, two jumpers must connected to the pins labeled XBee/USB. This situation determines that the X-bees serial communication be connected to the serial communication between the controller and FTDI USB-to-serial chip in the Arduino microcontroller board. With these jumpers, the DOUT pin of the X-Bee wireless module is connected to RX pin of microcontroller and DIN is connected to TX. After all steps have been made, the calibration between X-Bee shield and Arduino

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microcontroller board can be made. Figure 3.6 shows all the steps taken to set up the receiver.

Figure 3.6: Set up for receiver

3.5

Communication Between Two X-Bee

Before communication between two X-Bees can be done, there are a few steps required to set the X-Bee wireless module as a transmitter and receiver. Firstly, the source and destination addresses for both modules must match. The source address (MY) prevents the for non-duplicate messages from being ignored as duplicate. Then, it is also used to distinguish a radio from the next and to prevent duplicate data packets. To get a data transfer between modules, the destination address (DL) of the transmitting radio needs to match the MY of the receiving radio. The addresses of X-Bee wireless module can be set by using an X-CTU software. Figures 3.7 and 3.8 will show how to set the addresses for the transmitter and receiver.

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Figure 3.7: Setting for transmitter

After the transmitter X-Bee module has been set up, replace the transmitter XBee module with the receiver X-Bee module.

Figure 3.8: Setting for receiver

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3.6

Software Implementation

This thesis needs two types of software. Firstly, the software for the transmitter where the gravity value needs to be processed and sent to the TX and RX pins and the software for the receiver where the gravity value will convert into a graph. For this section, only the software for the receiver can be shown. For the transmitter, the C language programming is already done. The programming will be attached to the Appendix section.

For the real time graph, software from the LabView will be used. It is because the software from LabVIEW is easier compared to the other softwares. Figure 3.9 will showns the software implementation using LabVIEW.

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Figure 3.9:LabVIEW block diagram

Figure 3.10: LabVIEWfront panel

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1

Introduction

This chapter will discuss how the software designs and hardware designs are integrated to come out with the full system design.

4.2

Full System Operation

The main purpose of this thesis is to study the movement of chicken. In order to detect sickness in them, from the movement detected, the data will be analyzed and the condition of the chicken can be determined.

The system starts when the circuit is supplied with 7.4V from Lithium Polymer battery. As mentioned before, the Arduino microcontroller board can be operated at 5V. Therefore, the circuit will be regulated to 5V by a voltage regulated circuit. This 5V will be supplied to the Arduino microcontroller board. The Arduino microcontroller board will distribute of 3.3V supply to the accelerometer sensor, X-Bee wireless module and

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LED indicator. The accelerometer sensor will then detect the chicken movement. Then, the output from the accelerometer sensor will be sent to an Atmel processor on the Arduino microcontroller board. After that, the Atmel processor will process the data in the gravity value and the value will be sent to the TX and RX pins. From the TX and RX pins, data transmission will be done by the X-Bee wireless module.

Wireless data transmission can be done by connecting Arduino RX pin to DOUT X-Bee module and Arduino TX pin to DIN X-Bee module. After that, the data will be transmitted to the receiver. From the receiver, the Arduino is connected directly to the computer. By using a LabVIEW software, a real time graph and data logger will be shown. The data logger will save the data for further analysis or the non-realtime graph can be done by putting the data to the MATLAB software. Figure 4.1 shows the flow of the system.

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Figure 4.1: Full system operation

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START

INITIALIZING

NO MOVEMENT DETECTED?

YES PROCESSING DATA

DATA TRANSMISSION

NO DATA RECEIVED?

YES SOFTWARE

DISPLAYING DATA

DATA SAVING

Figure 4.2: Flow chart for system operation

CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1

Introduction

This chapter discusses the result obtained for this thesis.

5.2

Transmitter Testing

LED indicator will turn ON

Sensor

X-Bee

Li-Po Battery

Figure 5.1: Transmitter testing

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Figure 5.1 shows the transmitter part consisting of an accelerometer sensor, XBee wireless module and 5V voltage regulator. The LED indicator will turn ON if the transmitter works well. If one of the components does not work, the LED indicator will turn OFF and when the battery runs out of power, the LED indicator will blink.

5.2

Receiver Testing

LED indicator will be blinking

Figure 5.2: Receiver testing

The receiver is easy to test because it gets direct power from the computer. This is because the receiver is connected via USB cable from Arduino microcontroller board to USB computer device. When the receiver is connected, LED indicator from X-Bee shield blinks. It shows that the X-Bee is ready to receive data from the transmitter. The X-Bee shield does not function if the LED indicator is not blinking.

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5.3

Full System Testing

In this thesis, three types of software will be used to test its functionality. First is the serial monitor application from the Arduinos software. Here, the gravity values will be shown but it does not provide a real time graph. Before that, the transmitter should be attached to the chickens body and the receiver system in a standby mode. Figures 5.3 and 5.4 show the transmitter being attached to the chickens body and the receiver ready to receive the data.

Figure 5.3: Transmitter is attached to the chickens body

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Figure 5.4: Receiver in a standby mode

When the transmitter is ON, the transmitter will start sending data although the chicken does not move. Figure 5.5 shows the data received from the transmitter by using Arduinos serial monitor software.

Gravity values

Figure 5.5: Result from serial monitor

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From the serial monitor, the results show three values received from the transmitter. The values represent the tri-axis of the accelerometer sensor which are xaxis, y-axis and z-axis. A real time graph and data logger can be shown by using the LabVIEW software as demonstrated in Figure 5.7

From the result obtained, shows that real time graph consists of only one axis graph. However, for the data logger, the result obtained consists of tri-axis gravity value. The result from the data logger can be saved for future analysis. After that, the value can also be copied and paste to MATLAB software for non-real time graph analysis. Figures 5.7, 5.8 and 5.9 will show the graphs using MATLAB. The results consist three conditions which are during the chicken is static, walking and running.

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Data logger

Real-time graph

Figure 5.6: Result from LabVIEW

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(Z)

(x)

(y)

Figure 5.7: Chicken in static condition

Figure 5.8: Chicken in walking condition

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Figure 5.9: Chicken in running condition

5.4

Discussion

Accelerometer sensor is suitable for detecting movement. When there are changes in the axis direction, it will change the gravity value. This is proven in the results obtained as shown in Figures 5.7, 5.8 and 5.9. From the results obtained, it shows that, when the chicken is static, the waveform of gravity values shows that the accelerometer sensor does not change much. However, when the chicken is walking, the changes of gravity values is more active compared to when the chicken is static. Then when the chicken is running, the changes of waveform for the gravity values is very active compared to when the chicken is in static and walking conditions. When the chicken is active, the graph will show the changes for every movement. During this situation, the chicken can be considered as healthy. If the output does not indicate any significant changes, the chicken would be considered as unhealthy or sick.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1

Introduction

In this chapter, conclusion and recommendation for the thesis are discussed. For the conclusion part, the objectives of the thesis are explained as either archived or not. As for the recommendation, we give suggestion on how to improve the thesis quality in the future.

6.2

Conclusion

From the obtained result, it can be concluded that this thesis was conducted successfully. The objective of this thesis which is to design a sensor system to detecting chicken movement and behavior was achieved. In addition, other objectives such as wireless data transfer, real time monitoring and data logger were also accomplished.

This thesis successfully demonstrates the capability of the accelerometer sensor and X-Bee wireless module. The accelerometer sensor was able to detect the chicken movement and from the chicken movement, the behavior of the

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chicken can be determined. Furthermore, this thesis can be used as a platform for future development in using the accelerometer and fully utilizing the sensors capability. The X- Bee wireless module was efficient in transmitting the data from the transmitter to the receiver. Furthermore, the X-Bee wireless module can be used in a wide of range area within a maximum of 100 meters in radius.

However, his thesis also has some weaknesses. One of the weaknesses of this system is regarding data transmission. There is time delay between the gravity values but that does not greatly affect the system. Also, since the size of the transmitter is quite large it will be a burden to the chicken and causes it to become uncomfortable due to its size.

6.3

Recommendation

To reduce the weaknesses of this thesis, some improvements should be made. Firstly, more extensive research should be done in order to overcome the delay in time of the transmission. To reduce large the size of the transmitter system, the design of the system should include smaller components in the future.

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REFERENCE

1. B. B. Graham, "Using an Accelerometer Sensor to Measure Human Hand Motion, "Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 11, 2000. 2. A. R. Jimenez, et al., "A comparison of Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning algorithms using a low-cost MEMS IMU," in Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009. WISP 2009. IEEE International Symposium on, 2009, pp. 37-42. 3. R. Faludi, Building Wireless Sensor Network, 1 ed.: O'REILLY, 2010.

4. "Xbee/Xbee-PRO OEM RF Module," M. Inc, Ed., 1 ed. Lindon: MaxStream Inc, 2007.

5. F. K. b. A. Hamid, "Wireless Smoke Detector System," Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 2011.

6. Y. K. Bee, "Portable Video Game Using PIC18F452 & Accelerometer," Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 2011. 7. C. H. Chueng, "Wireless Home Security System," Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 2009.

8. www.wikipedia.com

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9. www.arduinoforums.com

10. Urbanext.illinois.edu/eggs/res08-whatis.html

11. http://phys.csuchico.edu/ayars/XBee/Software.html

12. http://iijean.blogspot.com/2011/09/realtime-visualization-for.html

13. http://forum.sparkfun.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=29295 14. H. D. Saim, "Wireless Mesh Routing for Telemedical System," Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 2008. 15. http://www.theactigraph.com/article/research-database/validation/ accelerometers- for-measuring-physical-activity-behavior-in-children/ 16. B. D. Hansen, "Evaluating of an Accelerometer for at-Home Monitoring of Spontaneous Activity in Dogs," 2007.

17. J. F.Lawrence, "MEM Accelerometer and Distributed sensing forRapid Earthquake Characterization," 2010.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Arduino Coding for Accelerometer Sensor

const int groundpin = 18; const int powerpin = 19; const int xpin = A3; const int ypin = A2; const int zpin = A1;

// analog input pin 4 -- ground // analog input pin 5 -- voltage // x-axis of the accelerometer // y-axis // z-axis (only on 3-axis models)

void setup()

{ // initialize the serial communications: Serial.begin(9600);

// Provide ground and power by using the analog inputs as normal // digital pins. This makes it possible to directly connect the // breakout board to the Arduino. If you use the normal 5V and // GND pins on the Arduino, you can remove these lines. pinMode(groundpin, OUTPUT); pinMode(powerpin, OUTPUT);

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digitalWrite(groundpin, LOW); digitalWrite(powerpin, HIGH); }

void loop()

{ // print the sensor values: Serial.print(analogRead(xpin)); // print a tab between values: Serial.print("\t"); Serial.print(analogRead(ypin)); // print a tab between values: Serial.print("\t"); Serial.print(analogRead(zpin)); Serial.println(); // delay before next reading: delay(100); }

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APPENDIX B

Accelerometer connection diagram

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APPENDIX C

Arduino UNO Datasheet

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APPENDIX D

Accelerometer Datasheet

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APPENDIC E

X-Bee Datasheet

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APPENDIX F

X-Bee shield Diagram