Education: noun / the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment,

and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life.

Learning: noun / 1. knowledge acquired by systematic study in any field of scholarly application. 2. the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. 3. Psychology . the modification of behavior through practice, training, or experience.

Education = Learning

kindergarten or nursery -----------------------------------Schools [primary, secondary] -----------------------------------colleges [further education, higher education] -----------------------------------Universities [undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral, post doctoral research]

Universities [from the Latin Universitas] were associations of teachers and students. -----------------------------------First emerged during the medieval period in Europe, University of Bologna being the first, established in 1088.

From the 12th Century onwards, one of the primary functions of Universities was to apply Aristotelian logic to Biblical text. It was an attempt to prove the viability of this text and to reconcile ancient Greek philosophical teachings with Christian dogma.

Prior to the establishment of Universities, wealthy young men [primarily] would have studied within an Academy. Following the teaching of a single teacher and undertaking a kind of academic apprenticeship.

Schools: In the UK, compulsory attendance of school was made law in 1870 as a result of the Elementary Education Act [also known as the Forsters Act]. It meant that there was a plan for children to be educated between the ages of 5 and 12 - and then go off to work.

Schools: But the Forster Act was connected to an earlier parliamentary initiative called the Factories Act which regulated the conditions of factory workers, particularly children. It prevented children under the age of 9 working and compelled factory owners to establish Elementary Schools.

Education for young children was inextricably linked to factories and the systems of manufacture at the beginning of the 19th Century. When elementary education became compulsory around 1870 lots of other groups wanted to take control of schools and the education of the young.

The Church Rural and Parish Councils Liberals and Dissenters who believed in compulsory non denominational education without religious doctrine. National Education League who also wanted education for all, free of religious influence.

Education = Training

Education =
Opportunity

Education = Freedom

Education is good

Ivan Illich

Illich was an Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest [although he resigned in the late1960s], and maverick social critic. He wrote de-schooling society in 1971, it is a radical critique of institutionalized education and a results driven approach to learning. It talks about the commodification of education and a misunderstanding of what learning is and how/where/when it can happen.

Education = Control

Education =
Indoctrination

Education = obedience

Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher and cognitive scientist. He also said that the education system was a means of indoctrination of the young - a way of training people to be obedient, conformist, unthinking, un-critical and to remain passive. That it denies progress and has stupidity built in.

Education is God

What if a system seemed benign, well established and positive? Would you question it?

Academic Freedom

Commodification Standardization Regulation

What if a system seemed benign, well established and positive?

Education Would you question it? =

Service Industry

Service to Industry

Manufacture Vs Agriculture