DESIGNING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

SPRING BOX DESIGN: The appropriate type of intake box suitable for the spring is selected from the Standard Type of Springs, depending upon the actual condition in the field. Spring box should be provided with adequate overflow pipe so as not to damage the spring box in times where the spring discharge increases due to excessive rains or where the aquifer level is fluctuating.

SPRING BOX DESIGN 1:

SPRING BOX DESIGN 2:

TYPICAL WELL DESIGN:

SELECTION OF CASING DIAMETER:

Maximum discharge rate for certain diameters

PUMP DESIGN: Pump size should be determined by Well Yield Number of Operating Hours Fill and Draw or Float System Hydraulic Zones Delivery Pressures

Determination of Pump Discharge:

If the pump is used directly to supply water to the distribution system, the capacity must be equal to PHD If the water distribution system has a reservoir, the pump capacity must be equal to MDD

Pump Selection:

Centrifugal Pumps , If TDH = < 6 meters Jet Pumps, If TDH = 6 to 20 meters Submersible Pumps, If TDH = > 20 meters TDH is the sum of the depth of pumping water level + maximum reservoir elevation + friction losses

Calculate Pump Capacity: Power (Kw) = 9.8 x (1/eff) x Q x TDH Power (HP) = Kw/0.746 Where: Q = Discharge (cms) TDH = Total Dynamic Head (m) eff = Pump Efficiency Pump Efficiency: Centrifugal Pump: 30 60% Jetmatic Pump: 20 30% Submersible Pump: 50 60%

DESIGN OF RESERVOIR: Reservoirs are employed in the distribution system to meet the peak demand (if water source is available), to equalize pressure and to store water. The elevation of the bottom tank is computed to be at least equal to but preferably higher than the elevation of the farthest and highest tap in the system plus the minimum pressure head plus the total head losses from the point up to source.

Reservoir Design Procedure :

Location of the Reservoir It should be located, if possible at the elevated places and or central to the distribution system, for economic reason. Calculate Reservoir Capacity The capacity should not be more than the necessary to supplement the ADD to the system during times of peak demand. Rule of thumb = Reservoir capacity should be at least 25% of ADD Determine type of Reservoir It maybe Elevated or Ground Level Reservoir type. The volume of storage, location, material and choice of type of reservoir depend primarily on cost and what is available.

PIPELINE DESIGN:
In applying the design minimum requirements for the design of pipeline, the following should be considered: It must be designed to handle the PHD of the service area The minimum Pressure at the remotest end of the system (tap stand or communal faucet) shall not be less than 2.0 meters The pipeline must be designed considering that the Maximum Velocity in the pipe is 3m/s for main pipes and distribution pipes. Ensure that there is no negative hydraulic gradient or negative pressure in the pipelines.

Pipeline Design Procedure:

Calculate the flows in the laterals and main pipes using the PHD Calculate pipe diameters corresponding to the pipe flow using the Hazen-Williams Equation Formula Check Maximum Velocity in pipe should not be 3 m/s Check Headloss due to friction Choose appropriate route to the storage reservoir or to the distribution system and add the losses of all sections along the route to get the total head loss.

Pipeline Design Procedure:

Compute losses such that the pressures at the reservoir and at the distribution system meet the design criteria. If pressure are to high reduce the size of the pipe. If losses are too large, the reservoir may be too high or the pump required may be large, redesign the pipelines using larger diameters until the losses are reasonable. Determine the location of the valves, fittings, etc. Normally air release valves are located at the peak and sag portion along the pipeline. Blow-offs should be located at end points or lowest point. If possible blow-offs should be near the drainage outfall.

Hazens William Formula:

hL= 10.667 x Q^ C^
Where:

1.852 x L Recommended Pipe C Values (New Pipes)

Pipe Material Diameter > 300 mm < 300 mm > 300 mm < 300 mm Recommended C-Values 150 140 140 130

1.852 x D^4.87

Q = flow in cms L = Length in m C = Friction Coefficient D = Diameter in meters

Plastic Iron

EXAMPLE 1
Proposed Source 1 Spring, 12 km away Confirmed yield, 20 lps

Barangay B 120 HH

Barangay A 100 HH
reservoir

Barangay D 200 HH

Barangay C 80 HH

Proposed Source 2 - a Deep Well Confirmed yield, 10 lps

Proposed Source 2 - b Deep Well Confirmed yield, 8 lps

Barangay F 400 HH

Barangay E 350 HH

EXAMPLE 1
No ROW problem anticipated All identified water sources have confirmed yields, and of acceptable water quality Water rights can be secured by LGU Water source site are free from environmental and social constraints Proposed Service Area, 5 Barangays (# OF PAX/HH =5.5) A 550 pax 100 HH B 660 120 C 440 80 D 1,100 200 E 1,925 350 F 2,200 400 Proposed Water Sources: 1. Spring 5 kms away sufficient elevation confirmed yield, 20 lps 2. Groundwater Well no. 1 10 lps, 50 m away Well no. 2 8 lps, 250 m

EXAMPLE 1
Population Projections
Barangay Name A B C D E F TOTAL
Population Households Population Households Population Households Population Households

Year 1

Year 5

Year 10

Year 15

550 660 440 1,100 1,925 2,200 6,875

100 120 80 200 350 400 1,250

584 701 467 1,168 2,044 2,336 7,300

106 127 85 212 372 425 1,327

629 755 503 1,258 2,202 2,516 7,863

114 137 91 229 400 457 1,430

638 766 510 1,276 2,233 2,552 7,975

116 139 93 232 406 464 1,450

Barangay Name A B C D E F TOTAL

Water Demand Projection (lps)

1 0.91 1.09 0.73 1.82 3.19 3.64 11.38 5 0.97 1.16 0.77 1.93 3.38 3.87 12.08 10 1.04 1.25 0.83 2.08 3.64 4.16 13.01 15 1.06 1.27 0.84 2.11 3.70 4.22 13.20

Growth Rate: Year 5 = 1.21% Year 10 = 1.35% Year 15 = 0.99% Water Demand: at 110 liters/cap/day add 30% non-revenue water

EXAMPLE 1

Key Questions (1/2)

How many barangays would be served Social/political Water source availability Cost constraint Would the source be sufficient to supply the

demand
First year, immediate and long-terms (design

horizon) Most advantageous source option (groundwater, spring or combination)

EXAMPLE 1

Key Questions (2/2)

Development Plan
Staged implementation or full implementation Cost requirement (consider source option)

Investment Cost Operation and Maintenance Cost Probable water tariff Financial & Economic Indicators Willingness-to-connect and willingness-to-pay

EXAMPLE 1

Other Considerations
Reservoir Requirements
Maybe needed to provide supplemental flow

during peak periods Or simply to balance pressures during peak flows Normally sized at 20% to 30% of the average day demand Should consider fill-and-draw systems or float systems

END OF PRESENTATION