Computers in

Design and Manufacture

Product cycle
DESIGN PROCESS
Design Need Design Spesifications Feasibility Study with Collecting Design Information

Synthesis

Analysis
Design Documentation Design Evaluation Design Optimization Design Analysis Analysis Model Design Conceptualization

CAD + CAE

Process Planning

Production Planning

Producttion

Quality Control

Packaging

Shipping

CAM

Design and Procurement of New Tools

Order Material

NC, CNC, DNC Programming

Marketing

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Computer Aided Design

CAD (Computer Aided Design) is a computer aided system for creating, modifying and communicating a plan for a product or components of a product CAD refers to any computer software that is used to produce high quality drawings and models which meet exact specifications CAD is used all over the world by many different types of engineering manufacturers.

The Design Process : Before and Now

Before CAD

After CAD

How does it do?

There are lots of different types of CAD. Objects can be drawn in two dimensions (2D) or three dimensions (3D). CAD is done using specialized graphics software. Examples of CAD software : Corel Draw, Solid Edge, Prodesktop, AutoCAD, CATIA Animated drawings can also be used as computer models.
6

CAD : Two-dimensional (2D) plans

Technical graphics programs can be used to draw plans. Designers can draw their own objects or use pre-drawn ones from libraries (like specialized clip art). They can move things around to make the best use of space. 7

CAD : Three-dimensional (3D) objects It is easier to see how things will look when they are drawn in three dimensions. The designer would begin with the plan view and the computer would create a 3D image, often as a wire frame. Surface texture or skins can be added to make things look real. The designer can experiment with ideas without having to actually make a product.

Animated drawings can also be used as computer models

CAM : Computer Aided Manufacture

CAD software is often then linked to machinery to perform a task to manufacture part of or a whole product known as CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture). CAM - broad term used when several manufacturing processes are carried out at one time aided by a computer. It is involving process control, planning, monitoring and controlling production. CAM involves using CNC (Computer Numerical Control), whereby a machines movement is described in exact detail by the computer program.
10

Automatic Part Programming

Define Tool

CNC data

Make 3D model Simulate cutting

11

12

13

CAD/CAM and the new Environment

14

Computer Integrated Manufacture

CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacture) allows for the connection between all aspects of the production of a product. CIM can be viewed as an integrated system, e.g.

A drawing of a component/product is produced using CAD The CAD file is then processed using CAM to create a sequence the machine will understand The CAM sequence is then downloaded to a CNC machine/machines which manufacture the component/product
15

Definition of CIM
by the Computer and Automation Systems Association/Society of Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME):

CIM is the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel efficiency.
CIM is not a product that can be purchased and installed. It is a way of thinking and solving problems.

16

CIM Objectives

Simplify production processes, product designs, and factory organization as a vital foundation to automation and integration Automate production processes and the business functions that support them with computers, machines, and robots Integrate all production and support processes using computer networks, cross-functional business software, and other information technologies

17

Components Of CIM
CAD CAE GT DFM IGES, PDES, DMIS TQM Bar codes, EDI MRP JIT/ kanban DSS/ES/ AI LAN, TOP, satellites Manufacture Systems management

Product design

CAD/CAM

CAPP

CIM

Process planning

Cellular manufacturing MAP, STEP

NC/CNC/ DNC

FMS

Robotics

AGV, ASRS

Automated inspection

Cells and centers

18

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)

An FMS is a reprogrammable manufacturing system capable of producing a variety of products automatically. Conventional manufacturing systems have been marked by one of two distinct features: The capability of producing a variety of different product types, but at a high cost (e.g., job shops). The capability of producing large volumes of a product at a lower cost, but very inflexible in terms of the product types which can be produced (e.g., transfer lines). An FMS is designed to provide both of these features.
19

FMS Components

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools Automated material handling system (AMHS)

Automated guided vehicles (AGV) Conveyors Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS)

Industrial Robots Control Software

20

Flexible Manufacturing System

Computer control room Tools Conveyor

Machine
Pallet

Machine

Load

Unload Terminal

Parts

Finished goods

21

CIM in the Food Industry

How is CAD used in the Food Industry?

Calculate the nutritional value of the food product Food products can be designed on screen Enhance product quality and experiment What if. questions Work out sizes/costs of batch productions HACCP check it works efficiently Present the products sensory profile Predict what may happen if ingredients/methods are changed
23

How is CAM used in the Food Industry?

Machines can take over complex operations previously done by hand Reduce food wastage through efficient manufacture Improve product consistency Reduction in overheads eg labour costs Increased production Easier to monitor and control production No fatigue from repetitive manufacturing demands Improved safety and hygiene standards Enhanced quality control
24

Disadvantages of CAM

Results in loss of jobs Requires skilled computer operators Expensive to set up initial system

25