Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Feasibility Study REDD+ for Conservation of Peat Swamp Forest, and Biomass-based Power

Generation using Timber Mill Waste to Process Indigenous Trees derived from Conserved Forest

Universitas Palangka Raya

Target Site

Kalimantan Is.

Our study site (Landsat TM image)

Indonesia

Location: Next to Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan

Typical Drainage System in Central Kalimantan

Land Use before Project (i.e. Reference Scenario) GHG emission from above-ground biomass

Deforestation and forest degradation because of Forest Fires

Drainage system changes water balance and land use system

GHG emission from Peat Soil

Land conversion from Rich Forest to Oil Palm

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Proposed Land Use after Project (i.e. Project Activities)

Timber production and biomass-based power generation

Reducing GHG emission from forests and energy sector

Sustainable forest management

Fire Fighting Water management system

Reducing GHG emission from Peat Soil

Sustainable land management

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Our Activities
Establishment of REDD plus methodology
Applying for Peatland; monitoring soil dynamics and above-ground biomass. Applying for Biomass-based power generation

Introducing following REDD plus Activities by collaboration with Palangkaraya University, rural people and other related communities. 1. Establishment of fire-fighting team and evaluation for reducing GHG emission 2. Analysis of alternative economic incentive for sustainable land and forest management
Organizing the production group of Melaleuca sp. to sell timber to Java or South Kalimantan

REDD plus: Method Development -Eligibility Criteria1. The project area can include forested wetlands. Peatland shall be defined as which soil is clarified as organic soils with at least [40%] [50%] [60%] organic matter and a minimum thickness of [2 m].
Definition of Peatland

2. At the project commencement, the project area shall include only land qualifying as forest for a minimum of [10 years] prior to the project start date.
Land Eligibility

3. The project area should be covered by middle analyzed satellite images (e.g. Landsat TM) for [at least 15 years] before start of the project. In addition, satellite images consist of over [4 times], and at least one image should be older than [10 years] before the project.
Accuracy of Reference Level

4. The project area can include different types of forests, such as, but not limited to, old-growth forests, degraded forests, secondary forests, planted forests and agro-forestry systems meeting the definition of forest [under FAO] [under DNA of each country] [under definition of most recent agreement of UNFCCC/JCM].
Definition of the Forest
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REDD plus: Method Development -M and R of MRVActivity Data (Forest area) Emission/Removal Factors (Carbon stock per area) = Carbon Stock in target area

Satellite imagery & Field Survey

Destructive Sampling and LiDAR Approach

Calculation & Reporting

Integration

Develop volume table

Carbon Stock kg/ha

R2 = 0.835 Diameter (cm)

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REDD plus: Analyzing Activity Data Dynamics

We classified forest types (stratification) by Landsat TM and RGB photos. In addition, we did field research for estimating biomass stock in each type of forest
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REDD plus: Identifying Emission Factors & Default Values

Survey 1: Biomass survey for developing allometric equations in 2011 Survey 2 LiDAR analysis for peatland and above-ground biomass in 2011-2012 Survey 3: Identification of Default Emission Factors from field Surveys and literatures/IPCC EFDB Direction of Airplane

First Return

Last Return

Red: LiDAR sensor for measurement

Ground level in peatland

IPCC Emission Factor DataBase

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REDD plus: Identifying Emission/Removal Factors

Selecting survey plot

Developing sample plot

Selecting tree for destructive sampling

Biomass survey
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REDD plus: Surface Change in Peatland after forest fire

Before Forest Fire

After Forest Fire

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REDD plus: Measurement in Melaleuca forests

We separated Melaleuca forests into 3 types according to tree densities and canopy condition (left figure). After separation, we established 20 sample plots and conducted destructive sampling for developing allometric equations (right figure). By applying allometric equations, we can estimate carbon stock of various types of Melaleuca forests with high accuracy.
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REDD plus: Measurement in Secondary Forests

For estimating carbon stock in secondary forests as well as Melaleuca forests , we applied LiDAR system. First of all, we estimated vegetation height in the forests (left figure). Next, we conducted destructive sampling in various stages of secondary forests. From relationship between vegetation height and total biomass, we established equation for estimating biomass in secondary forests (right figure).
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REDD plus: Biomass Measurement by LiDAR

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Vegetation Height (m)

Veg. Height (m) 0.0 - 0.2 0.2 - 1.0 1.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 10 10 -

Type B u rn Grass B u sh Lo w f o re st Tall f o re st

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0 0 100 200 300 400 500

2007 2011 Repeated fire Logging/Fire Forest Growth Grass Burn to burned Grass Grass to Bush
Data: from Sweda T. et al. 2012
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REDD plus: Peatland Measurement by LiDAR

Peat Subsidence 2011-2007 (under calculation of results in 2012)

0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351

0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351 401 451

West: Length 36.4 km Mean Level 24.78m (07) : 24.41m (11) Subsidence 37cm

East: Length 49.0 km Mean Level 25.40m (07) : 24.87m (11) Subsidence 53cm Data: from Sweda T. et al. 2012
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Biomass Power Plant: MRV SystemTimber as alternative livelihood

Sustainable Melaleuca forests Management and protect natural forests

Timber Mill Waste

Using default values to evaluate GHG emission reduction which are differences between reference scenario of coal-fired generator and biomass power generator. Eligibility criteria are based on situation in target area.
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GHG emission reduction

REDD plus Project By introducing forest fire fighting team as REDD plus activities, we will be able to reduce about 2 to 4 million CO2-e per year (under draft estimation).

Biomass Project By introducing activities of sustainable forest management and using waste of timber, we will be able to reduce about 10 to 15 thousand CO2-e per year (under draft estimation).

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V of MRV system and Environmental Integrity

To keep transparency, verification process is very important. We applied Expert pear Review.
Methodology of LiDAR system is quite a new, therefore It was suggested to compare with other approaches to identify uncertainly.

To considering Environmental Integrity, we had many times of workshop with rural people and collecting comments from rurel people and experts.
REDD plus activities are very essential for sustainable land and forest management and there are not negative impact on environment. Biomass power plant also donts have negative impact, but should be consider how to manage waste woods.
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Future Plan of the Project

Project Developer: Japans enterprises or others (Joint Venture ?) Having task of Fund management Have to consider how to get concession of REDD plus

Collaboration with Waseda University and other related organizations Implementer: Palangkaraya University and others (counterpart/local entity)

REDD plus activity: Establishment of fire-fighting team (by Participated style )

REDD plus activity: Organizing sustainable forest management using alternative resources of Melaleuca
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Thank you very much

Motoshi Hiratsuka Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Contact: hiratsuka@murc.jp

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