Student's Home Design With Green Approach

HABITechno International Seminar
STUDENTS HOME DESIGN WITH GREEN APPROACH

JUSLIM, OLIVIA I. R. 1, PROF. ARIFIN, LILIANY S. 2, TANUWIDJAJA, GUNAWAN3*
1Students 2, 3Architecture
of Architecture Program, Petra Christian University Program, Petra Christian University
ABSTRACT Undergraduate students have great potential to produce positive ideas for the Indonesia. The process was required the students intelligence and empathy for the environment. The phenomenon of imbalance development and natural resources preservation need to be solved with ecological design approaches. Surabaya city, as the Indonesian Green Region Award winners (IGRA) in 2011, was able to show the successful greening efforts because of the Majors great support. Architecture students should continue supporting the youth involvement in greening efforts of Surabaya. Therefore, a house design exercise was important to increase the students understanding to create the ecological city design. The Autonomous Home Office was a small design exercise conducted based on the ecological design principles of the Dr. Heinz Frick. Some strategies are used such as: spatial optimisation recycled building materials, cross ventilation, shading, the biopores, urban farming and pollutant reduction landscape, day-lighting design and solar panels, rainwater collection and solid waste separation. The students design exercise actually highlighted the importance of youths empathy for the environment. Although, the design was not constructed, the design could show simple solution to greening the city. Keywords: empathy for the environment, greening efforts of Surabaya, ecological design principles. 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background Undeniably, the world as humans habitat quality has been decreased. It was stated by Ken Yeang (2008), Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design.1 The consumption level of natural resources increases every year, meanwhile the environments quality decreases continuously. And the imbalance happens between the human needs and the carrying capacity of the earth. The energy crisis in 1973 and 1979 happened because of the massive utilization of fossil fuels energy in the 18-19th century. And it caused greater global dependency to unsustainable energy resources and unsustainable development as a worldwide issue.
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Corresponding author: Email:gunte@peter.petra.ac.id Olivia I.R. JUSLIM, Prof. Liliany ARIFIN, Gunawan TANUWIDJAJA
Behnisch in Rappaport (2008)2, stated, that residential is one of the energy/capitas biggest consumers, meanwhile Foster, N., Scheer, H., (ed). (1993)3, revealed that buildings energy usage have contributed half of the entire western energy needs. Behnisch also mentioned that the environmental neglect grew in the twentieth century.
Figure 1. Comparison the consumption rate and environmental quality decrease Source: Yeang, Ken. 2008, A Manual for Ecological Design. Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. It can be concluded that the building design concept with environmental concern is really needed. And the architectural design would contribute to balancing the energy consumption. The ecological design concept was already described by Frick, H., Suskiyatno, B., (1998), the Foundation of EcoArchitecture.4 Unfortunately, Indonesia only ranked in the 8th position in Asia with Green Building Involvement or 38% parties involved in the Green Building Initiative (BCI Conference, Asia FuturArc Forum 2008). This showed that more promotion of eco-design practice is needed (Sukawi, 2008).5 Undergraduate students have great potential to produce positive ideas for the Indonesia. The process was required the students intelligence and empathy for the environment. The phenomenon of imbalance development and natural resources preservation need to be solved with ecological design approaches. Surabaya city, as the Indonesian Green Region Award winners (IGRA) in 2011, was able to show the successful greening efforts because of Its Majors great support. Architecture students should continue supporting the youth involvement in greening efforts of Surabaya. Therefore, a house design exercise was important to increase the students understanding to create the ecological city design. The students design exercise actually highlighted the importance of youths empathy development for the environment.
Olivia I.R. JUSLIM, Prof. Liliany ARIFIN, Gunawan TANUWIDJAJA
1.2. Research Problem and Research Objectives The Research problem is what architectural idea can be contributed to promote the ecological architecture concept to Surabayas society? Meanwhile, the research objective is to promote alternative ecological architecture design. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The ecological development was described by Frick, H., Suskiyatno, B., (1998) as three definitions. Firstly, the ecological design is needed to balance the natural cycle and consider the natural condition. Secondly, ecological development should consider the health of the building residents. And lastly the development should use user-friendly materials. 6 Furthermore, the ecological design of Frick, H., Suskiyatno, B., (1998) possessed several principles such as 7: Adapting design to local condition. Any design is important to be adapted to the local condition. Saving the natural energy resources. The renewable energy resources should be utilized to minimize the use of non renewable energy resources. Mantaining the environment. The environmental pollution should be prevented as much as possible with waste processing. Mantaining and improving the environmental system. The ecosystem should be understood and the energy usage needed to be preserved. Decreasing the dependency of energy usage and waste. The quantity of waste thrown to the environment need to be reduced to decrease the energy use. Involving the building occupants to the design, construct, and mantain process of their own building. The building residents shall understand the building concept and the maintenance. The short distance between workplace and residence. Keeping the close distance cause minimised energy usage for transportation. Self-supported concept. The residents should be able to produce their needs with utilizing the yard as a farm, pond, and livestock. The utilization of simple or low technology. Heinz Frick stated that the usage of high technology may bring negative effects to its surrounding.
Figure 2. The common house concept and ecological house concept Source: Frick, H., Suskiyatno, B., (1998). The Foundation of Eco-Architecture (Dasar Dasar Eko-Arsitektur), Kanisius Publisher, Yogyakarta. The diagram above differentiate the common house and ecological one, where as the non ecological one throws the waste of consumed and used energy right away into the environment while the ecological one processes and reuses the waste so that the closed cycle can always be maintained. 3. METHODS
The design exercise was conducted with the Olivia, 6th Semester undergraduate student, with the guidance of Prof. Arifin and Tanuwidjaja. The design location was selected in the Citraland, the residential land of West of Surabaya. The design was discussed with the supervisor and later was published in the newspaper for promoting the eco-architecture in Surabaya. 4. DESIGN CONCEPTS
The Autonomous Home - Office in Surabaya Citraland facilitates 4 residents with the ecological architecture design. The building was designed with concept of urban farming, rain water conservation, energy conservation with solar panel systems and also through the selection of building materials. Design concept was made based on eleven aspects such as: 1. Economical Factors, including the improvement of living-quality, optimisation building function, the materials effectiveness and efficiency 2. Social Factors, comprising of: community responsiveness to sustainability, legal protection, communitys involvement (social inclusivity), cultural preservation, site selection 3. Environmental Factors, comprising of: micro climate (wind, sun, rain, etc), the other environmental considerations (ground, green space, waste, energy efficiency, water efficiency, building materials). Firstly, spatial optimisation strategy is conducted to produce more functional building. The needs of four occupants were further researched for optimising the space provided. The architect office was also integrated in the design. The promotion of effective and efficient building construction was conducted by using the scrap tyres as second skin / sun shading and filled up with ecoresin. Besides that, the structural of the home-office is proposed to be built from recycled railway. The steel materials were easy to get since many rail were inactive or rehabilitated with the newer rails. The building is expected to be an example to the surrounding, promoting the importance of sustainable design to the high end community in Citraland, as well as all residents of Surabaya. The beauty of this eco-design also promote that eco-design could be ecological but also could be beautiful. Relating to the Micro Climate, The Autonomous Home Office was designed with single bank layout to facilitate cross ventilation. This further would ensure
sufficient air change and product thermal comfort in the home. Responding to the solar condition of Surabaya, the home is proposed to be reoriented North East South West. The building would not receive direct western sun radiation and have more comfortable microclimate. Responding to high rainfall, the bio-pores are proposed. The bio-pores also would promote the composting process for cleaner organic wastes, such as gardening wastes. This further would support the urban farming activities in the home. Relating to the minimising footprint of the building, the home office design is proposed to reduce the environmental destruction to the site. The building is proposed with stilts structures not disturbing the land. Meanwhile, vertical greeneries are proposed to compensate the building footprint. The design was made as little as possible harm to the land to replace the land with green land used vertically or horizontally. And urban farming is proposed for the landscape design. The produce of cucumber, tomatoes could be consumed for residents. Meanwhile, Lavender Flower, Sirih Belanda (Scindapsus aureus) and Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria hyacinthoides) is proposed to reduce pollution. The fishs pool is also proposed for supporting the protein needs of the residents. The Energy Efficiency strategy of the building is achieved with opening design allowing the day-lighting. The night electricity loads would be reduced by electrical batteries charged by solar panels on the roof during the daytime. The Water Efficiency strategy is proposed with utilising the rainwater collection. To produce cleaner water, a passive filter of charcoal is proposed. The water is later used for non potable uses such as bathing, cleaning, flushing and irrigation. Lastly, the Waste Management strategy is proposed with solid waste separation. The organic waste such as leaves of plants is going to be composted with the bio-pores. Meanwhile, the inorganic waste is collected and sold for additional income. And the poisonous waste is transferred to the local municipality.
Figure 3. The Autonomous Home - Office Concept Source: Juslim, Olivia I.R.,(2013).
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Figure 7. The Autonomous Home - Office Concept Source: Juslim, Olivia I.R.,(2013). 5. CONCLUSIONS
The Autonomous Home - Office is a student design exercise for promoting ecological design in Surabaya. The Student showed great understanding on the ecological design. The exercise actually promoted more students to understand the ecological design and common people to implement the affordable and beautiful eco-homes. And it highlighted the importance of youths empathy for the environment.
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The campaign of ecological design is still needed because of still 38% parties in Indonesia understand on the concept. This could be promoted with the classes in the Universities, High Schools as well as Elementary Schools. 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We acknowledged the Petra Christian University: Ir. Handoko Sugiharto, M.T. Dean of Civil Engineering and Planning Faculty; Agus Dwi Hariyanto, M.Sc., ST., Head of Architecture Department; Ir. Joyce M. Laurens, M.Arch, Ir.Wanda Widigdo C., M.Si. REFERENCES Foster, N., Scheer, H., (ed). (1993), Solar Energy in Architecture and Urban Planning: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Architecture, Florence, Italy, May 1993, Commission of the European Communities, H.S. Stephens and Associates Publisher Frick, H., Suskiyatno, B., (1998). The Foundation of Eco-Architecture (Dasar Dasar Eko-Arsitektur), Kanisius Publisher, Yogyakarta. Rappaport, N., (2008), Ecology. design. synergy: Behnisch Architekten + Transsolar, Yale School of Architecture. Sukawi, (2008), Ecological Architecture Design to Save Energy and Sustainable Architecture (Ekologi Arsitektur menuju Perancangan Arsitektur Hemat Energi dan Berkelanjutan). In: Simposium RAPI VII, Architecture Department, Faculty of Technical Universitas Dipenogoro, http://eprints.undip.ac.id/32380/ Yeang, K., (2008), Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design, Wiley Publisher.
1 Yeang, K., (2008), Ecode sig n: A Ma nua l for Ecolog ical De sig n, Wiley Publishe r.
2 Rappa port, N., (2008), Ecology. design. syne rgy: Be hnisch Arc hitekte n + Tra nssolar, Yale School of A rchitecture.
3 Foste r, N., Scheer, H., (ed). (1993), Sola r Ene rgy in Arc hitecture a nd Urba n Planning: Procee ding s of t he Third E uropea n Confe rence on Arc hitecture, Florence, Italy, May 1993, Commission of the European Comm unitie s, H.S. Stephens and A ssociates Publisher
4 Frick, H., Susk iyatno, B., (1998). The Foundation of Eco-Arc hitecture (Da sar Dasa r Eko-A rsite ktur), Kanisius Publishe r, Yogyaka rta.
5 Sukaw i (2008) Ecol ogical A rchitecture De sig n to Save E nergy a nd Sustainable Architecture (Ek ologi Arsitekt ur me nuju Pera ncangan A rsitektur Hemat Energi da n Berk elanjuta n). In: Sim posium RAPI VII, Architecture De pa rtment, Faculty of Technical Universita s Dipe nog oro, http://e print s.undip.ac.id/ 32380/

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HABITechno International Seminar