How do you calculate the maximum bending stress of a hollow tube?

If the cylinder is simply supported with known dimensions, how do you calculate the maximum bending stress when it is under a UDL accross its length. How does this question vary tho that of a solid tube? em x

4 years ago Report Abuse

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wait that makes it sound like i cant do it for a solid tube(i can), just what diffrences do i make to my calculation in this new scenario? 4 years ago

by draco4843 | Member since: September 03, 2007 Total points: 4,682 (Level 4)

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The bending moment of a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load is: M = wl^2/8 Where; w is the unit load, l is the length The extreme fiber stress due to bending is: s = Mc/I

Where; c is the distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber, I is the moment of inertia of the beam cross section. For a round section, c equals Do/2 where Do is the outside diameter. The moment of inertia of a round section is pi D^4/64, thus for a solid section I = pi Do^4/64. For a hollow tube however, I = pi(Do^4 - Di^4)/64 where Di is the inside diameter of the tube.

4 years ago Report Abuse

Asker's Rating: Asker's Comment: Thats awesome thank you, but 1 more thingIs the unit load, just the entire load being put on the beam?

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by lithiumd... Member since: April 26, 2007 Total points:

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First look up the peak moment on a simply-supported beam under a uniformly distributed load: M = 1/8*p*L^2 where p is the load per unit length along the beam, and L is the length of the beam. Next consider the area moment of inertia of a hollow tube in bending: I = /64*(d1^4 - d2^4) where d1 is the outer diameter and d2 is the inner diameter. Now we can find the stress. The stress on a beam in bending is: = M*y/I where M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the area moment of inertia. The highest stress will be experienced at the top and bottom of the tube (assuming a vertical load), so y is just half the tube's outer diameter. Substituting, we get: = (1/8*p*L^2) * (d1/2) / (/64*(d1^4 - d2^4)) = (4/) * p * d1 * L^2 / (d1^4 - d2^4) That's the peak stress. The formula is also valid for a solid circular tube (also known as a bar). Simply set d2 = 0, and simply the resulting formula.
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4 years ago Report Abuse by Rob T

Member since: February 22, 2009 Total points: 18,177 (Level 6)

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There are two possible complications 1. Wall thickness. If the tube walls are thick enough so you can assume the tube stays circular, then you can analyse it the same as any other beam. The only difference is calculating the I value (which the I of a solid tube minus the I of the hole).

If the walls are thin, then either you can find some fudge factors to allow for the increased flexibility as it bends out of round (there are different standard codes of practice used in different industries) or you need to do an analysis assuming the tube is a flexible shell. In practice that means making a finite element model. 2. Loading and supports. When you say a "UDL" that can mean a variety of things. It could be uniformly spread over the whole tube (e.g. the weight of the tube itself), or only acting on the bottom half of the tube (e.g. the weight of fluid inside the tube, or load concentrated along a line on the surface (e.g. if the tube is connected to a sheet of material and acting as a stiffener) . The supports may be acting round the complete circumference, or just at one or two points if the tube is just resting on something. These details can be important if they cause local "out of round" deformations of the tube. A simple beam analysis ignores them.
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4 years ago Report Abuse by oil field trash

Member since: February 02, 2006 Total points: 149,282 (Level 7) Badge Image:

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Draco has pretty well spelled out what you need to do. A hollow tube, a solid tube, an I beam, a wide flange beam. They are all treated the same. It is just a matter of calculating the correct moment of inertia for the cross section in question.
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4 years ago