P5 Electric circuits

Further guidance P5 Electric circuits Higher Workbook answers

A 1 a i ii iii iv Correct bold words: the same, repel, electrons, negative Arrow pointing left During rubbing, electrons (negative charge) were transferred from the cloth to the polythene, leaving the cloth with a resultant positive charge. Like charges repel each other. Opposite charges attract each other. b i ii iii 2 a b Repel, attract Negative Attract All hairs get the same charge and so they repel each other. When the teacher discharges the dome the charge flows away from Yasmin so she has a neutral charge. Her hair falls down because it is now neutral and the charges on the hairs are no longer repelling each other 2 a When Bethan first pushes Charge moves throughout the circuit Bethan gets tired after pushing ... Stored energy is transferred out of the battery. The others feel their hands getting hot. The battery does work on all other If any one of the others grips the rope Putting in an insulator stops the flow At any time, the amount of rope The current is not used up. It is the same

When the spark jumps across the gap, the lamp lights up. This implies that the electric current, which makes the lamp light up, is a movement of charges. These are the same charges that jump across the gap to make a spark. D by the lamp lights up E by This implies that the electric current, which makes the lamp light up and is a movement of charges. Conventional current imaginary flow of positive charges from terminal to + terminal Actual movement flow of negative electrons from + terminal to - terminal The top/right end of the wire is positive. Arrow for the current is in the opposite direction to arrow for flow of electrons. Missing words: ammeter, 0.01 Arrows pointing up to 10 in each of the ammeters

b 3 a

a b

The same all the way round (or everywhere in) the circuit, (or words to that effect) C 1 a b c d 6 mA Arrows pointing to 6 6 mA Statement X

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P5 Electric circuits

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e f g h i j k D 1 a Arrows pointing to 6 6 mA Arrows pointing to 6 12 mA Statement Y Arrows pointing to 12 The first statement is true. (The current through the third resistor) Electrical resistance: opposes the flow of charge caused by ions in the solid measured in ohms, a flow of charge carried by electrons

Electric current:

measure in amperes (amps), A b Correct bold words: 2 a b i ii size more, small smaller, bigger big As the current (through a metal) increases its temperature increases

Factor = electric current; outcome=increase in temperature Metals consist of a lattice of fixed ions with free electrons that can move through the lattice. As the current increases more electrons are passing through the lattice, they make more collisions with the ions and they transfer more energy, so that the ions vibrate more. When they vibrate more it means the temperature is higher. Missing words: battery, voltage, bigger, bigger, proportional, double

3 4 a b 5 a b c d e i

Voltages: (left) 6 V, (middle) 9 V, (right) 1.5 V Current: (left) 48 mA, (middle) 72 mA, (right) 12 mA Missing word: proportional They will be half the previous values. Line on graph drawn exactly half way between the existing line and the horizontal axis. Missing words: ohms = volts / amperes (amps) There was a good reason for deciding this point was an error

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P5 Electric circuits

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ii iii 6 a i ii Nick: We should check it but we can only leave it out if we can say why its wrong Resistance increases with temperature, so current would be less because the wires were hot. Variable resistor move a slider or dial change the relative volume of music Thermistor change its temperature switch on an immersion heater

LDR put it in the light or dark switch on an outside light when it gets dark. b c d 7 a i ii Light Dependent Resistor

At lower light levels / When the light decreases At lower temperatures / When the temperature decreases Correct bold words: (top left box) bigger, (bottom left box) smaller Two resistors in series Because the moving charges have to

Two resistors in parallel Because there are more paths b Correct numbers: 1 = 3 in parallel, 2 = 2 in parallel, 3 =1 resistor 8 E 1 a 4 = 2 in series, 5 = 3 in series.

Labels from top left: ammeter, voltmeter, filament lamp, resistor, variable resistor, thermistor, single cell, power supply, LDR The battery pushes on the charge The pump pushes on the water The resistor heats up The water heats up The charge loses potential energy the water loses potential energy

The potential energy lost by the charge The water loses the same potential b i ii iii 2 a Missing words: potential difference, volts

potential difference energy Ticked : The same, the same, bigger in A, bigger in B

The bigger the potential difference across the battery, the bigger the push. The harder the battery pushes the charge, the more work it does. There is a drop in potential across each of the resistors. The charge does work as it moves through a resistor. There is a bigger potential difference across the bigger resistor. The charge does more work as it goes through a bigger resistor.

The sum of potential differences across two equal resistors equals the potential difference across the battery. Energy is conserved in the circuit: there is no net gain or loss of energy. 3 a b 4 a Correct bold words: the same as

Correct bold words: bigger than Ticks: (circuit 1) bottom resistor R2, (circuit 2) top resistor, (circuit 3) top resistor

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P5 Electric circuits

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b c Current = 12 V / 300 = 0.04 A p.d. across R1 = 0.04 A x 100 = 4.0 V

p.d. across R2 = 0.04 A x 200 = 8.0 V d e 5 a i ii b i ii c i ii 6 a b i ii iii Yes

The sum of the p.d.s equals the p.d. across the battery because energy is conserved. resistance of the thermistor decreases Symbol for thermistor added to space in circuit diagram increase 30k 3V 2V 20 k Correct bold words: the same, is equal to Switch A is on the left, switch B is on the right The hairdryer would overheat and be damaged (and perhaps cause a fire). Missing values: 230 V / 46 = 5.0 A 230 V / 460 = 0.5A

5.5 A c d Correct bold words: the same as, current, more, decrease Go through a component (line): flow, charge Go across a component (ring): potential difference, voltage

F 1 a i ii b G 1 a b 2 a b

Missing words: watts, volts, amps I = P/V= 60/230 = 0.26 A

Missing words: brighter, more, 230 V, more, bigger Correct bold words: field, around Ticks in 2nd and 3rd boxes See P5 section G of student book. Current in the coil is in opposite directions on opposite sides of the coil. There is an upwards force on one side of the coil and a downwards force on the other side. This makes the coil rotate. i vertical

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P5 Electric circuits

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ii Each half of the split ring commutator touches one brush for half a turn and the current flows one way. It then touches the other brush for the second half turn and the current flows the other way. Swap N and S reverses Swap + and reverses Swap both no change H 1 a b i ii iii Pull the north pole out of the coil flicks to the left Hold the magnet stationery in the coil no movement Push the south pole into the coil flicks to the left Pull the south pole out of the coil flicks to the right

Diagram completed: second wave drawn to match first wave Missing magnet positions: upright with dark end at the top, horizontal with dark end to the left

Turn the spindle faster. Increase the number of turns of the coil. Put a soft iron core inside the coil. Use a stronger magnet.

a b c d

Labels clockwise from top right: induced alternating current, secondary coil, soft iron core, primary coil, a.c. supply Correct bold words: primary, magnetic, induces, fewer, step down, less Vs = 12 V (24/460 x 230) d.c. (straight line): Its voltage has a constant value. It is produced by batteries. It wont pass through a transformer. Its voltage is constantly changing. It is produced by generators.

a.c. (curvy line):

It comes from the mains supply.

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