BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LAB PRACTICAL REPORT 1 (TISSUES)

NAME: MOHD SHUQRY BIN AMRAN MUHD QUSYAIRIE BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN MUHAMMAD ASYRAFF BIN NASARUDDIN PUTERI IZZATI BINTI KHIR ANNUAR 012013020019 012013020033 012013020055 012012050323

OBJECTIVE:
To identify and compare different type of tissues

INTRODUCTION:
There are four primary tissues,epithelial tissues,connective tissues,muscle tissues and neuron tissues.Epithelial tissue cover surface,line cavities and form glands.Connective tissue suppots and protects other tissues.Muscle tissue causes movement.Neuron tissue receives and generates nerve impulses.Organ contain two or more tissues working together to perform a specific fuction.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS:

1. Compound microscope. 2. Lens paper. 3. Prepared tissue slides

PROCEDURE:
1.Using the microscope,examine the following tissue slides a)Connective tissues Hyeline cartilage Yellow elastic hyaline b)Muscle tissue Tendon muscular junction Skeletal muscle c)Nervous tissues Is Spinal cord lumbar d)Epithelial tissue Single columnar epithelium kidney

QUESTION:

1)DESCRIBE THE LOCOTION AND FUNCTION OF THE FOUR PRIMARY TISSUE TYPE?
Epithelial Tissue Occurs in the body as coverings of the outside of organs, linings of the inside of organs, and glands. Epithelium is highly specialized to accomplish many functions such as protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, and secretion. Connective Tissue found everywhere in the body. The most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but the amount in any particular organ varies. Its major functions include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation. Nervous Tissue makes up the central nervous system (brain, cspinal cord, nerves). Nerves conduct impulses to and from various body organs. Muscles tissue highly cellular, well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most types of body movements. Muscle cells possess myofilaments that promote movement or contractions.

2)Compare between: a.Cardiac muscle,skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. b.Hyaline cartilage,elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.

a) Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle

Sarcometer Plasma membrane Cross striations Branching of muscle fibre Nucleus Intercalated disc Sarcoplasmic reticulum

No
Present as a thin membrane Absent none One centerally located Absent None

Yes
present Present yes One centrally located Present Present

Yes
present Present none Multinucleated(syncyticum), Absent Present

b) Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage are all similar in that they are mostly made
of collagen proteins with some additional compounds. The difference is in the way they are arranged. Hyaline cartilage consists of rounded collagen which makes it hard and like marble. It is usually found in movable joints. Elastic cartilage is made of elastin fibers and collagen in a wavy pattern that makes it flexible like rubber. It is found in your ears and nose. Fibrocartilage contains both type I and type II arranged in bundles. This makes it strong and slightly flexible and well suited for its main job as interbvertebral discs in your spine.

Conclusion.

Cells of epithelium, muscle and connective tissues has very typical morphological characteristics, while nerve tissue cells are harder to recognize by observation. Nerve tissue is defined by function. Muscle and dense connective tissue have dense fibers which provide strength. Epithelium has dense cells and is located at inner or outer surface. A cluster of small dots, it could be either small blood vessels or nerve cells.

Reference. MSU lab manual for anatomy and physiology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology). Biology pre-u text book.