The Large Mass Method in Direct Transient and Direct Frequency Response http://www.kxcad.net/ugs/NX-Nastran/nastranhelp/NXNastran/nast/mis...

The Large Mass Method in Direct Transient and Direct Frequency Response
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If a very large mass mo , which is several orders of magnitude larger than the mass of the entire structure, is connected to a degree-of-freedom and a dynamic load p is applied to the same degree-of-freedom, then the acceleration of the degreeof-freedom, to a close approximation, is as follows:

Equation 7-1.

In other words, the load that produces a desired acceleration is approximately

Equation 7-2.

The accuracy of this approximation increases as mo is made larger in comparison to the mass of the structure. The only limit for the size of mo is numeric overflow in the computer. Generally, the value of mo should be approximately 106 times 6 the mass of the entire structure for an enforced translational degree-of-freedom and 10 times the mass moment of inertia of the entire structure for a rotational DOF. The factor 106 is a safe limit that should produce approximately six digits of numerical accuracy. The large mass method is implemented in direct transient and frequency response analysis by placing large masses mo on all enforced degrees-of-freedom and supplying applied dynamic loads specified by Equation 7-2; that is, the function is input on entries normally used for the input of loads, and the scale factor mo can be input on DAREA or DLOAD Bulk Data entries, whichever is more convenient. CMASSi or CONMi entries should be used to input the large masses. 7-2 is not directly helpful if enforced displacement or enforced velocity is specified rather than enforced acceleration. However, 7-2 can be made serviceable in frequency response analysis by noting that

Equation 7-3.

so that

Equation 7-4.

The added factor (i or ) can be carried by the function tabulated on the TABLEDi entry used to specify the frequency dependence of the dynamic load.

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2012-04-06 13:40

The Large Mass Method in Direct Transient and Direct Frequency Response http://www.kxcad.net/ugs/NX-Nastran/nastranhelp/NXNastran/nast/mis...

In the case of transient analysis, provision is made on the TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries for you to indicate whether an enforced displacement, velocity, or acceleration is supplied (TYPE = 1, 2, or 3). NX Nastran then automatically differentiates a specified velocity once or a specified displacement twice to obtain an acceleration. The remaining required user actions are the same as for enforced acceleration. In summary, the user actions for direct frequency and direct transient response are Remove any constraints from the enforced degrees-of-freedom. Apply large masses mo with CMASSi or CONMi Bulk Data entries to the DOFs where the motion is enforced. The magnitude of mo should be approximately 10 times the entire mass of the structure (or approximately 10 times the entire mass moment of inertia of the structure if the component of enforced motion is a rotation). In the case of direct frequency response, apply a dynamic load computed according to Equation 7-4 to each enforced degree-of-freedom. In the case of direct transient response, Indicate in field 5 of the TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries whether the enforced motion is a displacement, velocity, or acceleration. Apply a dynamic load to each enforced degree-of-freedom equal to mou , whether the enforced motion is a displacement, velocity, or acceleration. , or mo , depending on
6 6

Be careful when using PARAM,WTMASS. The WTMASS parameter multiplies the large mass value, which changes the effective enforced acceleration to

Equation 7-5.

Enforced velocity and enforced displacement are changed likewise. You may well ask whether a stiff spring may be used instead of a large mass. In that case the applied load is

Equation 7-6.

where ko is the stiffness of the stiff spring and u is the enforced displacement. The large stiffness method certainly works, but the large mass method is preferred because it is easier to estimate a good value for the large mass than to estimate a good value for the stiff spring. In addition and more importantly, the large mass method is far superior when modal methods are used. If very stiff springs are used for modal analysis rather than very large masses, the vibration modes corresponding to the very stiff springs have very high frequencies and in all likelihood, are not included among the modes used in the response analysis. This is the main reason that large masses should be used instead of stiff springs. The stiff spring method is advantageous in the case of enforced displacement because it avoids the roundoff error that occurs while differentiating the displacement to obtain acceleration in the large mass method. The stiff spring method also avoids the problem of rigid-body drift when applying enforced motion on statically determinate support points. (Rigid-body drift means that the displacement increases continuously with time, which is often caused by the accumulation of small numerical errors when integrating the equations of motion.)

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2012-04-06 13:40

The Large Mass Method in Direct Transient and Direct Frequency Response http://www.kxcad.net/ugs/NX-Nastran/nastranhelp/NXNastran/nast/mis...

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