PREDOMINANT BINDING OF PROTEINS OF DRUGS

ALBUMIN
Ceftriaxone (A)C Celecoxib (N) Citalopram (B) Clofibrate (A) Dexamethasone (N) Diazepam (B) Diazoxide (A)C Diclofenac (A) Diflunisal (A)C Dicloxacillin (A) Digitoxin (N) Etodolac (A) Etoposide (N)C Fenoprofen (A) Fluoxetine (B) Flurbiprofen (A)d Fluvoxamine (B)

Ibuprofen (A)c,d Indomethacin (A) Itraconazole (N) Ketoconazole (N) Ketoprofen (A)d Ketorolac (A)d Losartan (A) Meclofenamate (A) Mefenamic Acid (A) Meloxicam (N) Mycophenolic acid (A) Nabumetone (N)C Nafcillin (A) Naproxen (A)C Oxacillin (A) Oxaprozin (A) Paroxetine (B) Phenylbutazone (A)C Phenytoin (A) Piroxicam (A) Prednisolone (N)C

Probenecid (A) Rifapentine (A) Rofecoxib (N) Salicylic acid (A)C Sertraline (B) Sulfisoxazole (A) Sulindac (A) Teniposide (N) Thiopental (A)C Tiagabine (A) Tolbutamide (A) Tolmetin (A) Valproic acid (A)C Warfarin (A)d

ALBUMIN AND AAG Alfentanil (B) Alprenolol (B)d Amprenavir (B) Carbamazepine (N)

Clindamycin (A)c Cocaine (B)c Disopyramide (B)b,c,d Erythromycin (B) Fosphenytoin (A) Lidocaine (B) Lopinavir (B) Meperidine (B) Methadone (B)d Nelfinavir (B) Olanzapine (B) Perphenazine (B) Prazosin (B) Propafenone (B) Quinine (B) Ritonavir (N) Ropivacaine (B) Saquinavir (B) Triflouperazine (B) Verapamil (B)d

ALBUMIN AND LIPOPROTEINS Amiodarone (B) Cyclosporine (N)b Probucol (N) ALBUMIN, AAG, AND LIPOPROTEINS Amitriptyline (B) Amphotericin B (N) Bupivacaine (B)d Chlorpromazine (B) Diltiazem (B) Docetaxel (N) Felodipine (N) Imipramine (B) Nortriptyline (B) Paclitaxel (N) Perazine (B) Propranolol (B)d Quinidine (B)

Conversion Units

Avoirdupois Useful Equivalents

Length 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 meter = 39.37 in Volume 1 fluidounce = 29.57 ml 1 pint = 16 fl.oz (473 ml) 1 quart = 32 fl.oz (946 ml) 1 gallon = 128 fl.oz (3785 ml) 1 gallon, UK = 4545 ml Weight 1 ounce = 437.5 grains 1 pound = 16 ounce

Apothecaries Useful Equivalents

Volume 1 fluidrachm/fluidram = 60 minims 1 fluidounce = 8 fl.dr (480 minims) 1 pint = 16 fl.oz 1 quart = 2 pints 1 gallon = 4 quarts Weight 1 scruple = 20 grains 1 dram = 3 scruples 1 oz = 8 dram 1 pound = 12 oz

DOSE FORMULAS
Youngs Rule, based on age
Dose of Child = Age Age + 12 X Adult dose

Cowlings Rule
Age at next birthday (in yrs.) X Adult dose Dose of XAdultdose Child = 24

Frieds Rule for infants

Dose for = Infants
Age (in months) X Adultdose

150

Clarks Rule, based on weight

Dose of = Child
Weight (in lbs.) X Adult dose

150 (average weight of adult in lbs.)

Dose Based on Body Weight

Patients = Patients Weight (kg) X Drug dose (mg) Dose (mg) 1 (kg)

Dose Based on Body Surface Area

Patients Patients BSA (m2) X Drug Dose (mg) Dose (mg) = 1.73 m2
Patients BSA (m2) =

Patients height (cm) X Patients weight (kg)

3600

pH negative logarithm of Hyrdronium ion

concentration pH
Normality in Normality in terms of terms of Hydronium Hyrdroxyl Ion Ion

0 1 2 Increasing 3 acidity 4 5 6 Neutral point 7 8 9 10 11 Increasing 12 alkalinity 13 14

1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14

10-14 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 108 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1

pKa Values of Some Common Drugs Drugs

Acidic drugs Aspirin Paracetamol phenobarbital Basic drugs Cocaine Diazepam Diphynhydramine Amphoteric drugs Morphine Adrenaline (epinephrine)

pKa value
3.5 9.5 7.4 (first ionization) 8.6 3.3 90 8.0 (amine), 9.9 (phenol) 8.7 (amine), 10.2, 12.0 (phenols)

FOR WEAK ACIDS

pH = pKa pH = pKa +1 pH = pKa + 2 pH = pKa +3 Ph = pKa + 4 compound is approximately 50% ionized compound is approximately 90% ionized compound is approximately 99% ionized compound is approximately 99.9% ionized compound is approximately 99.99% ionized

FOR WEAK BASES

pH = pKa pH =pKa pH = pKa pH = pKa pH = pKa compound is approximately 50% ionized compound is approximately 90% ionized compound is approximately 99% ionized compound is approximately 99.9% ionised compound is approximately 99.99% ionised