Desirability Function

Principle of Management Science

Dr. Apichat Sopadang Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University

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Desirability Function

Introduction

The trade-off problem is particularly chronic in formulation related products. For example, the abrasion resistance of a rubber shoe sole formulation might be improved by adding certain tillers. But this change might also result in more complex production processes and higher production costs. The problem becomes considerably more complex when several components of the formulation are being varied. Balance problems can be solved by using a modified formula of E.C. Harrington's desirability function and combining it with response surface methodology (RSM) to form a methodology called desirability optimization methodology (DOM). Computer implementation of DOM further enhances its power.
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Nature of Desirability Function

The desirability function can be used to combine multiple responses into one response called the desirability function by choice of value from 0 (one or more product characteristics are unacceptable) to 1 (all product characteristics are on target). The method is attractive because it is intuitive and simple. The inputs are mean response estimates, target value, and upper and lower acceptability bounds.
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The individual desirability is combined using the geometric mean. The desirability of a product characteristic value depends on the lower and upper ranges of product specification. Improper selection of ranges can result in a very different optimum. The basic idea of the desirability function approach is to transform a multiple response problem into a single response problem by means of mathematical transformations.

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Transformation Methodology

The desirability function involves transformation of each estimated response variable Yj to a desirability value dj, where 0 di 1. The value of di increases as the desirability of the corresponding response increases.

D = (d1 d2 dk)1/k
w w 1/ D = [d1w1 d 2w2 Kd j j ] j

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A function dj(Yj(x)) with a range of value between 0.0 and 1.0 can be produced, where dj is a desirability function of Yj using the transformation given by One-Side Transformations
0 Y j Ymin j d j = Ymax j Ymin j 1 if Y j ( x) Ymin j
r

if Ymin j Y j ( x) Ymax j if Y j ( x) Ymax j

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Two-Side Transformations
s Y Y j min j T j Ymin j t Y j Ymax j d j = T Y j max j 0

if Ymin j Y j ( x) T j if T j Y j ( x) Ymax j otherwise

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Graph of transformation for various values of r, s, and t

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Example

In the development of a tire tread compound, the optimal combination of three ingredient (independent) variableshydrated silica level X1, silane coupling agent level X2, and sulfur level X3-was sought. The properties to be optimized and constraint levels were as follows. PICO Abrasion Index, Y1 120 < Y1 200% Modulus, Y2 1,000 <Y2 Elongation at Break, Y3 400 < Y3 < 600 Hardness, Y4 60 < Y4 < 75

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Transformation Graph
For Y1 and Y2 For Y3 and Y4

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Regresstion Coefficients and Standard Error for Responses

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Solution

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Regression Analysis Using Minitab

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Y1 = 180 . 67 + 23 . 38 x 2 + 3 . 62 x 3 19 . 00 x 2 x 3

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Y2 = 141 . 00 + 6 . 00 x 1 + 21 . 02 x 2 + 14 . 12 x 3

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Model generated (in term of coded factors)

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Optimal D 0.60653

Hi Cur Lo

Flow Rat 120.0 [ 102.3538] 40.0

Flow Tem 450.0 [ 420.9434] 200.0

Block Te 350.0 [ 350.0] 150.0

Y1 Targ: 190.0 y = 190.0 d = 1.0000 Y2 Targ: 185.0 y = 177.6354 d = 0.50903 Y3 Targ: 185.0 y = 180.0269 d = 0.66846 Y4 Targ: 190.0 y = 190.4250 d = 0.91501

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Contour Plot of Y1
450 160 170 180 190 200

400

Flow Temp

350

300

250

200 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Flow Rate
Hold values: Block Te: 250.0
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Surface Plot of Y1

200 190 180

Y1

170 160 150 140 4 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 200 250 300 350 40 00 450

F Flow Temp

Flo ow Rate

Hold values: Block Te: 250.0

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