STUDY OF STRENGTH OF JOINT MADE BY TWO DIFFERENT ALLOYS BY MAG WELDING

Vijay kumar*1, Balwinder Singh1, Manoj Mittal2

1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh PTU Campus Bathinda, Punjab 2) Campus Director, Aryabhatta Group of Institutes, Barnala Corresponding author: e-mail : vjgarg21@gmail.com, contact -+918427203094

ABSTRACT
In industrial applications various types of materials are used. Strength of weldment of two dissimilar materials especially alloys is major cause of interest among engineers. In this study steel P11 and P22 were welded using ER -70 - S6 wire electrode with Metal Active Gas welding process (MAG) using CO 2 as shielding gas. Strength of the joint was tested by impact test (Charpy test). It was found by the experiments performed on the specimen on impact testing machine, that the impact energy of welded specimen was 49 Joule in Charpy impact test, whereas, the impact energy of parent metal P11 was 48 joule, whereas for P22, it was 64 Joule. The result of impact test shows that the impact energy of weldment of P11 and P22 lies in between the impact energy of P11and P22. Key words: P11, P22, MAG welding, impact testing.

1. Introduction
Welding is a process of joining similar or dissimilar materials. Welding is carried out by the use of heat or pressure or both and with or without added metal. There are many types of welding including Metal Arc, Tungsten arc, Submerged Arc, Resistance Butt, Flash, Spot, Stitch, Stud and Projection. Inert gas welding is faster than traditional welding methods. It can produce cleaner, longer continuous welds. The main types of inert gas welding they are Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) a good description of which is given by by Paulo J Modenesi et al [1] and METAL Inert Gas welding (MIG) and Metal Active Gas Welding (MAG) by William R. Oates et.al [2]. Alloy Steel such as ASTM A335P22, ASTM 2. Materials And Methods The chemical composition of base metals as supplied by manufacturer and as tested by atomic emission spectroscopic analysis conducted at R & D centre for
Table 1 Chemical composition of base metal

A335P11, contains chromium and molybdenum. This composition delivers good weldability and high hardenability for the above stated alloys. Chromium provides improved oxidation and corrosion resistance. And the molybdenum increases strength at elevated temperature. The combination of chromium and molybdenum also increases resistance to high temperature hydrogen attack and to creep. Chromium and molybdenum steels are used in various products forms according to ASTM specifications by J C Vaillant et.al [4]. An investigation was carried to study the impact strength of two different metal welded joint using MAG welding compared with the impact strength both parent metal. This paper mainly deals with impact strength of welded joint compared with parent metal.

Bicycle and Sewing machine Ludhiana is presented in table-1

According to ASTM Standards Specification C% Mn% P% MAX S% MAX Si% Cr% Mo% Fe % ASTM A 335/P11 0.15MAX 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50-1.00 1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65 Balance ASTM A 335/P22 0.15MAX 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50MAX 1.90-2.60 0.87-1.13 Balance

Actual composition tested with atomic emission spectroscopic analysis ASTM A ASTM A Specification 335/P11 335/P22 C% 0.13 0.13 Mn% 0.38 0.48 P% MAX 0.015 0.009 S% MAX 0.024 0.007 Si% 0.6 0.34 Cr% 1.12 2.02 Mo% 0.5 1.09 Fe % Balance Balance

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The filler metal is the metal added in the making the joint and it is in the form of the electrode. The following table-2 entails the chemical composition of the filler material used in MAG welding.
Table 2 Chemical Composition of Filler Metal (As per manufacturer)

Metal Active Gas (MAG) Welding: An arc is struck between a consumable electrode and the metal to be welded. The consumable electrode is in the form of continuous filler metal. An inert gas carbon dioxide (CO2) surrounds the arc and shields it from the ambient to prevent oxidation. Carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy can be welded by this welding process. 3. Experimental Setup Plates of 30 x 10 x 5 mm of P11 & P22 were used to make welded specimen using MAG welding process. Specimen of P11 and P22 for evaluation of impact strength using charpy test are shown in fig 1 & 2 respectively, whereas combination of both prior to welding is shown in fig 3.And impact strength of welded joint between P11 & P22 are evaluated with Charpy impact test conducted on impact testing machine.

Material C% Mn% P% MAX S% MAX Si% Cr% Mo%

ER 70 S 6 0.06-0.15 1.40-1.85 0.025 0.035 0.80-1.15 0.15 0.15

Metal Active Gas Welding is governed by a set of factors and conditions such as amount of current, welding speed, polarity, etc. which are called as process parameters. The optimum process parameters used during the welding processes for P11 and P22 are given in the Table 3.
Table 3 Welding conditions and process parameters

Fig -1 specimen of P11 steel before welding

welding Parameters Process used Materials joined Polarity Arc voltage (V) Welding current (A) Electrode diameter (mm) Shielding gas Shielding gas flow rate (lt/min) MAG P11 & P22 DCRP 30 140 0.8 CO2 (100%) 10-12
Fig -3 specimen of P11 & P22 steel before welding Fig -2 Specimen of P22 steel before welding

The specimens of P22 and P11 need to be mechanically strong, hard, and corrosion resistant and possess properties suitable for welding. The mechanical properties of the test specimens are summarized in Table 4.
Table 4 Mechanical Properties of test specimen

Material Tensile strength Yield Strength Elognation ( % ) Hardness

P11 415 Mpa 205 Mpa 15 85 HRB MAX

P22 415 Mpa 205 Mpa 15 85 HRB MAX

MAG welding was done using a constant current DCRP power source, a metal wire electrode, 0.8 mm in diameter. The shielding gas used was carbon dioxide and the MAG gun and cable assembly was designed to deliver the shielding gas and the electrode to the arc. After the welding process was completed and the joints cleaned, the welded samples were subjected to mechanical testing in order to find out the strength of the joint and evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded joints. 3.1 Impact strength test This test was carried out on impact testing machine. On this machine Izod and Charpy impact test can be performed. In this study charpy impact has done to check the strength of

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specimen. The setup of charpy test is shown in fig-4.

Figure 4 Impact testing Machine

4. Results and Discussions

The impact strength of both base metals P11 and P22 and welded joint of P11 & P22 was evaluated during experimentation. The results of which are shown in table 4. Table 4 Impact Strength of Specimens Specimen P11 Base Metal P22 Base Metal P11 & P22 Welded joint Impact Strength 48 64 49

Results shows that the impact strength of base metal P22 is higher than that of base metal P11. And the impact strength of welded joint lies in between the impact strength of base metal P11 & P22. 5.

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