I nternational J ournal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (I J SRK), 1(7), pp.

228-237, 2013
Available online at http://www.ijsrpub.com/ijsrk
ISSN: 2322-4541; 2013 IJSRPUB
http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsrk-2013-p228-237
228

Full Length Research Paper

Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure
Vessels under Heat Flux

Mohammad Zamani Nejad*, Mosayeb Davoudi Kashkoli

Mechanical Engineering Department, Yasouj University, P. O. Box: 75914-353, Yasouj, Iran
*Corresponding Author: m.zamani.n@gmail.com; m_zamani@yu.ac.ir

Received 17 May 2013; Accepted 18 June 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a closed-form analytical solution for time-dependent creep stresses and displacements of
isotropic and homogeneous rotating thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels under heat flux. Assuming that the thermoelastic
creep response of the material is governed by Nortons law, using equations of equilibrium, strain-displacement and stress-
strain relations, a differential equation for the displacement rate is obtained and then the stress rates are calculated. When the
stress rates are known, the stresses at any time are calculated iteratively. The analytical solution is obtained for the conditions
of plane strain and plane stress. The thermal loading is as: inner surface is exposed to a uniform heat flux, and the outer surface
is exposed to an airstream. Following this, profiles are plotted for the radial stress, circumferential stress and axial stress as a
function of radial direction and time for different values of angular velocity. This analytical solution can be used easily to study
the dependence of the stresses on time and temperature. The values used in this study are arbitrary chosen to demonstrate
the effect of creep on displacements, and stresses distributions.

Key words: Thick Cylindrical Pressure Vessel, Heat Flux, Rotating, Creep, Time-Dependent

1. INTRODUCTION

Many components are used in modern technologies
such as nuclear, aircraft, space engineering and
pressure vessels are subjected to high temperature
environment and complex loading conditions over a
long time. Therefore, creep stress analysis of these
components is very important in these applications.
Weir (1957) investigated creep stresses in
pressurized thick walled tubes. Considering large
strains, Rimrott and Luke (1961) obtained the creep
stresses of a rotating hollow circular cylinder made of
isotropic and homogeneous materials. Bhatnagar and
Gupta (1662) obtained solution for an orthotropic
thick-walled internally pressurized cylinder by using
constitutive equations of anisotropy creep and
Nortons creep law. Assuming the plane strain
condition, Bhatnagar et al. (1984) obtained analysis of
an internally pressurized, homogeneous, orthotropic
rotating cylinder subjected to a steady state creep
condition. In another study, considering the effect of
anisotropy on stress and strain, creep analysis of
thick-walled orthotropic rotating cylinders has been
investigated by Bhatnagar et al. (1986). Yang (2000)
obtained an analytical solution to calculate thermal
stresses of thick cylindrical shells made of
functionally graded materials with elastic and creep
behavior. Gupta and Pathak (2001), studied thermo
creep analysis in a pressurized thick hollow cylinder.
Hoseini et al. (2011) presented a new analytical
solution for the steady state creep in rotating thick
cylindrical shells subjected to internal and external
pressure. Assuming that the creep response of the
material is governed by Nortons law, Zamani Nejad
et al. (2011) presented a new exact closed form
solution for creep stresses in isotropic and
homogeneous thick spherical pressure vessels. In
another study, assuming the mechanical properties
vary nonlinearly in the radial direction, Zamani Nejad
et al. (2013) obtained a new exact solution for steady
state creep stresses of pressurized thick spherical
shells made of functionally graded materials. In this
article, assuming that the thermo-creep response of the
material is governed by Nortons law, an analytical
solution is presented for the calculation of time-
dependent creep stresses of isotropic and
homogeneous rotating thick-walled cylindrical
pressure vessels under heat flux.

2. SOLUTION FOR LINEAR ELASTIC
BEHAVIOR OF ROTATING THICK
CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

For the stress analysis in rotating cylinder, having
material creep behavior, the solutions of the stresses at
a time equal to zero (i.e. the initial stress state) are
needed, which correspond to the solution of materials
with linear elastic behavior. In this section, equations
to calculate such linear stresses in rotating cylinder
analytically will be given briefly for two cases: (a)
plane strain; (b) plane stress. Consider a thick-walled
cylinder with an inner radius a , and an outer radius
Zamani Nejad and Davoudi Kashkoli
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Heat Flux
229
b , subjected to internal pressure
i
P and external
pressure
o
P that are axisymmetric, and rotating at a
constant angular velocity e about its axis (Fig. 1).

2.1. The case of plane strain

The heat conduction equation for the one-
dimensional problem in cylindrical coordinates
simplifies to:
0
T
r
r r
c c
(
=
(
c c

(1)
where ( ) T T r =

is temperature distribution in the
thick cylindrical pressure vessel. The general solution
of Eq. (1) is:
( )
1 2
T r A lnr A = +
(2)
The boundary conditions for when that inner
surface is exposed to a uniform heat flux
a
q , and the
outer surface is exposed to an airstream temperature,
are as follows:
( )
a
T q , r a
T h T T , r b
dT
T
dr

' = =

' = =

' =

(3)
Here , T

and h

are thermal conductivity,

temperatures and heat transfer coefficient of the
surrounding media, respectively. Substituting Eq. (2)
into Eq. (3) yields:
1
2
q
q q
aq
A
aq aq
A T lnb
bh

= + +

(4)
Therefore:
( )
q q
aq aq
r
T r T ln
bh b

= +
(5)
The displacement in the r-direction is denoted by
r
u . Three strain components can be expressed as:
r
rr
du
dr
c = (6)
r
u
r
uu
c = (7)
0
zz
c =

(8)
where
rr
c ,
uu
c and
zz
c are radial, circumferential
and axial strains. The stress-strain relations for
homogenous and isotropic materials are:

( )
( )( )
1
1 1 2 1
rr rr
E
uu
v
v
o c c
v v v

= +

(9)
1
1
T
v
o
v
+
(

( )
( )( )
1
1 1 2 1
rr
E
uu uu
v v
o c c
v v v

= +

(10)
1
1
T
v
o
v
+
(

(11) ( )
zz rr
E T
uu
o v o o o = +
where
rr
o ,
uu
o and
zz
o are radial, circumferential
and axial stresses, respectively. Here E
,
v

and o are
the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and thermal
expansion coefficient, respectively.

Fig. 1: Geometry and Boundary Conditions of the cylinder

The equilibrium equation of the rotating cylindrical
pressure vessel, in the absence of body forces, is
expressed as:
2 rr rr
d
r
dr r
uu
o o o
e

+ = (12)
where is density.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 228-237, 2013
230
Using Eqs. (5-12), the essential differential equation
for the displacement
r
u can be obtained as:
( )
2
2
1
r r
d u du d
ln E
dr dr r dr
(
+ +
(


( )
1
1
r
u d
ln E
r dr r
v
v
(
+
(

( )
1
1
d dT d
T T ln E
dr dr dr
v o
o o
v
+ (
= + +
(

( )( )
( )
2
1 1 2
1
r
E
v v
e
v
+

(13)

For a homogenous and isotropic material, Young's
modulus, Poisson's ratio v , and the thermal expansion
coefficient o ,are constant, therefore, Eq. (13) on
simplifying yields:

2
2 2
1
r r r
d u du u
dr r dr r
+

( )
( )
1
1
dT
dr
v o
v
+
| |
=
|

\ .

( )( )
( )
2
1 1 2
1
r
E
v v
e
v
+

(14)
The general solution of the displacement
r
u is:
2
1
1
1
r
r
a
C
u ( r ) C r Trdr
r r
o v
v
+
= + +

}

( )( )
( )
3 2
1 1 2
8 1
r
E
v v
e
v
+

(15)
The corresponding stresses are:
( )( )
( )
2
1 2
1 2
1 1 2
rr
E C
C
r
o v
v v

=

+


( )
( )
2 2
2
1 3 2
1 8 1
r
a
Trdr r
r
v v o v
e
v v
+ (
+
(

}
(16)
( )( )
( )
2
1 2
1 2
1 1 2
E C
C
r
uu
o v
v v

= +

+


( )
2
1
1
r
a
E T
Trdr
r
o v o
v
+ (
+
(

}

( )
2 2
1 2
8 1
r
v
e
v
+

(17)
( )
zz rr
E T
uu
o v o o o = +

(18)
To determine the unknown constants
1
C

and
2
C in
each material, boundary conditions have to be used,
which are:
rr i
rr o
P , r a
P , r b
o
o
= =

= =

(19)
The unknown constants
1
C

and
2
C

are given in
Appendix.
2.2. The case of plane stress

For the case of

plane stress the stress-strain relations
are:
(20) ( )
2
1
1
rr rr
E
T
uu
o c vc v o
v
= + + (

(21) ( )
2
1
1
rr
E
T
uu uu
o c vc v o
v
= + + (

(22) 0
zz
o =
For The case of plane stress the differential equation
for displacement
r
u is:
2
2 2
1
r r r
d u du u
dr r dr r
+

( )
2
2
1
1
dT
r
dr E
v
v o e

= + (23)
The solution of Eq. (23) is:
( )
2
1
1 r
r
a
C
u C r Trdr
r r
o v + '
' = + +
}

2
3 2
1
8
r
E
v
e

(24)
The corresponding stresses are:
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2 2
1
1 1
r
rr
a
E C
C Trdr
r r
v
vo
o
v v
( '
' = +
(
+

}

( )
2 2
3
8
r
v
e
+
(25)
2
1 2 2
1
1 1
r
a
E C
C Trdr
r r
uu
v o
o
v v
' ( | |
' = + +
| (
+
\ .
}

2 2
1 3
8
E T r
v
o e
+


(26)
To determine the constants
1
C'

and
2
C' , boundary
conditions have to be used which are the same as
those for the case of plane strain (see Eq. (19)). The
unknown constants
1
C'

and
2
C'

are given in Appendix.

3. SOLUTION FOR CREEP BEHAVIOR OF
ROTATING THICK CYLINDRICAL
PRESSURE VESSEL

For materials with creep behavior, we use Norton's
law (Finnie and Heller, 1959) to describe the relations
between the rates of stress (
ij
o ) and strain (
ij
c ) in the
multi-axial form:
(27)
1
1 3
2
( N )
ij ij kk ij eff ij
D S
E E
v v
c o o o o

+
= +
(28)
1
3
ij ij kk ij
S o o o =

3 1
2 2
eff ij ij
S S o = =

Zamani Nejad and Davoudi Kashkoli
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Heat Flux
231
(29)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
rr rr zz zz uu uu
o o o o o o + +

where Dand N are material constants for creep.
eff
o

is the effective stress,
ij
S is the deviator stress
tensor and
rr
o ,
uu
o and
zz
o are respectively the
radial, tangential and axial stresses. The relations
between the rates of strain and displacement are:
(30)
r
rr
du
dr
c =
(31)
r
u
r
uu
c =
and the equilibrium equation of the stress rate is:
(32) 0
rr rr
d
dr r
uu
o o o
+ =
For the case of plane strain ( 0
zz
c = ), the relations
between the rates of stress and strain are:
( )
( )( )
1
1 1 2 1
rr rr
E
uu
v
v
o c c
v v v

= +

1
3
2 1
( N )
eff rr
D S S
uu
v
o
v

(
' ' +
`
(

)
(33)
( )
( )( )
1
1 1 2 1
rr
E
uu uu
v
v
o c c
v v v

= +

1
3
2 1
( N )
eff rr
D S S
uu
v
o
v

(
' ' +
`
(

)
(34)
where:
rr rr zz zz
S S S , S S S
uu uu
v v ' ' = + = + (35)
For the case of plane stress ( 0
zz
o = ), the relations
between the rates of stress and strain are:
1
2
3
1 2
N
rr rr eff rr
E
D S
uu
o c vc o
v


'' = +
`

)
(36)
1
2
3
1 2
N
rr eff
E
D S
uu uu uu
o c vc o
v


'' = +
`

)
(37)
where:
rr rr rr
S S S , S S S
uu uu uu
v v '' '' = + = + (38)

3.1. The case of
zz
c being zero

Using Eqs. (30-35), the essential differential equation
for the displacement rate
r
u in thick cylindrical
pressure vessel can be obtained as:
2
2
1
r r
d u du d(lnE )
dr dr r dr
(
+ +
(


1
r
u d(lnE )
r dr r
v
(
' +
(


( )
1
3
2
( N )
eff rr
d(lnE )
D S S
dr
uu
o v

' ' ' = +

( )
1
3
2
( N )
eff rr
d
D S S
dr
uu
o v

(
' ' ' + +
(


( )
( )
1
3
1
2
rr ( N )
eff
S S
D
r
uu
o v

' ' | |
' +
|
\ .
(39)
where:
1
v
v
v
' =

(40)
For a homogenous and isotropic material, Young's
modulus is constant, also the case of v , D

and N

being constant is studied in this article, therefore, Eq.
(39) on simplifying yields:
2
2 2
r r r
d u du u
dr rdr r
+

( )
1
3
2
N
eff rr
d
D S S
dr
uu
o v

(
' ' ' = +
(


( )
1
3
1
2
N rr
eff
S S
D
r
uu
o v

' '
| |
' +
|
\ .
(41)
In general, the quantities
eff
o ,
rr
S' and S
uu
' are
very complicated functions of the coordinater , even
in an implicit function form. Therefore, it is almost
impossible to find an exact analytical solution of Eq.
(41). We can find an asymptotical solution of Eq.
(41). At first, we assume that
eff
o ,
rr
S' and S
uu
' are
constant, i.e. they are independent of the coordinate r .
Then, the solution of Eq. (41) is:
1 2
1
1 3
2 2
N
r eff
D
u Dr D
r
o

= + +

( )
2
rr
a
S S r
r
uu
v

| |
' ' ' +
|
\ .

( )
2 2
1 2
1 2 2
rr
r a a
S S r lnr lna
r r
uu
v
v
(
' ' + +
`
(

)
(42)
where the unknown constants
1
D and
2
D can be
determined from the boundary conditions. The
corresponding stress rates are:
( )( )
( )
2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1
rr
E D
D
r
o v
v v

=

+


( ) (
1
3
4
N
eff rr
D S S
uu
o v

' ' ' + +

( )
2
2
1 1 2
a
r
v
(
+
(


( )( )
( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
rr
S S
lnr
uu
v
v
v
' '

+ +

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
2
a lna a
r r
v v
| (
+
|
(
|
.

( ) ( )
1
3
1
2
N
eff rr
D S S
uu
v o v

' ' ' +
`
)
(43)
International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 228-237, 2013
232
( )( )
( )
2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1
E D
D
r
uu
o v
v v

= +

+


( ) (
1
3
4
N
eff rr
D S S
uu
o v

' ' ' + +

( )
2
2
1 1 2
a
r
v
(

(


( )( )
( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
rr
S S
lnr
uu
v
v
v
' '

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
2
a lna a
r r
v v
| (
+
|
(
|
.

( ) ( )
1
3
1
2
N
eff rr
D S S
uu
v o v

' ' ' +
`
)
(44)
( )
1
3
2
N
zz rr eff zz
D S
uu
o v o o o

= + (45)
The boundary conditions for a cylindrical vessel
subjected to internal and external pressure are given
as:
(46)
0
0
rr
rr
, r a
, r b
o
o
= =

= =

Using these boundary conditions the constants

1
D
and
2
D are obtained:
( )
1 2
1 2
3
1 2
4
N
eff
D
D D
a
v o

=
( ) { ( ) ( ) 2 1 2 1 2
rr
S S
uu
v v v ' ' ' + +

( ) }
rr
S S lna
uu
' '

( ) ( )
1
3
1
2
N
eff rr
D S S
uu
v o v

' ' ' + +

(47)
( )
( )( )
2
1
2
2 2
3
4 1 2
N
eff
ab D
D
b a
o
v

=


( )( )( )
2 2
2
1 2
rr
S S b a
b
uu
v v
' ' ' +

( )( )
1
1 2 2
1
rr
S S lna
uu
v
v

' ' +

( )
2
2
1 2 1 2
2
a lna
lnb
b
v v
|
+ +

\

( )
2
2
1 2
2
a
b
v
( |

( | `
|
( .)
(48)
When the stress rate is known, the calculation of
stresses at any time
i
t

should be performed iteratively:
(49)
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 1
1
i i i i
ij i ij i ij i
r,t ( r,t ) ( r,t )dt o o o

= +
where:
(50)
( )
0
i
k
i
k
t dt
=
=

To obtain a generally useful solution, a higher

order approximation of
eff
o ,
rr
S' and S
uu
' should be
made:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
eff
r r
eff eff
d
r
dr
r r r r
!
o
o o
=
(

= +

( )
( )
2
2
2
2
eff
r r
d
r
dr
r r
!
o
=
(

+

( )
( )
3
3
3
3
eff
r r
d
r
dr
r r ...
!
o
=
(

+ +
(51)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
'
rr
r r
' '
rr rr
d
S r
dr
S r S r r r
!
=
(

= +

( )
( )
2
2
2
2
'
rr
r r
d
S r
dr
r r
!
=
(

+

( )
( )
3
3
3
3
'
rr
r r
d
S r
dr
r r ...
!
=
(

+ +
(52)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
'
r r
' '
d
S r
dr
S r S r r r
!
uu
uu uu
=
(

= +

( )
( )
2
2
2
2
'
r r
d
S r
dr
r r
!
uu
=
(

+

( )
( )
3
3
3
3
'
r r
d
S r
dr
r r ...
!
uu
=
(

+ +
(53)
where r is one given point in the creep layer, the
center point of the creep layer.

3.2. The case of
zz
o

being zero

Using Eqs. (30-32) and Eqs. (36-38), the essential
differential equation for the displacement rate
r
u in
thick cylindrical pressure vessel can be obtained as:
( )
2
1
2 2
3
2
N r r r
eff rr
d u du u D
S S
dr rdr r r
uu
o

'' '' + = (54)
The solution of Eq. (54) is:
( )
1 2
1
1 3
2 2
N
r eff rr
D
u Dr D S S
r
uu
o

'
' '' '' = + +

( )
1
2
r lnr alna r a
(

(

(55)
where the unknown constants
1
D' and
2
D' can be
determined from the boundary conditions. The
corresponding stress rates are:
1 2
1 2
1 3
1 1 4
N
rr eff
E D
D D
r
o o
v v

'

' = +

Zamani Nejad and Davoudi Kashkoli
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Heat Flux
233
( )
1
1 1
1 2
rr
S S a
lnr
r
uu
v
v v
v
' ' | |
+
|
+
\ .

1
3
2 1
N rr
eff
S a lna
D
r
v
o
v

''
(

`
(
+
)
(56)
1 2
1 2
1 3
1 1 4
N
eff
E D
D D
r
uu
o o
v v

'

' = + +

( )
1
1 1
1 2
rr
S S a
lnr
r
uu
v v
v
' ' | |
+ +
|
+
\ .

1
3
2
N
eff
alna
D S
r
uu
o

(
''
`
(
)
(57)
where
( )
1
2
1 2
1 3
1 4 1
N
eff rr
D S S
D
D
b
uu
o
v v

'' '' '

' =
+ +

( ) ( )
1
1 1 2
2
lna lna v v v

+ +
`
)

1
3
2 1
N rr
eff
S
Do
v

''

+
(58)
( ) ( )
2
1
2 2 2
3
4
N
eff rr
ab D S S
D
b a
uu
o

'' ''
' =

( )
1
1 1
2
a a
ln lna
b b
v v

| | | || |
+ + +
` | | |
\ . \ .\ . )
(59)

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the previous section, the analytical solution of time-
dependent creep stresses and displacements of
isotropic and homogeneous rotating thick-walled
cylindrical pressure vessels under heat flux and
uniform pressures on the inner and outer surfaces have
been obtained. In this section, some profiles are
plotted for the radial stress, circumferential stress and
axial stress as a function of radial direction and time
for different values of angular velocity.
A cylindrical pressure vessel with creep behavior
under internal and external pressure is considered.
Radii of the cylinder are 20 a =

mm, 40 b =

mm. In
addition, angular velocity varies from 600 rpm to
1200 rpm. The other data are:

w
207GPa 0 292 43
m. C
E , . , v = = =
( )
6 8
10 8 10 C 1 4 10 2 25 . , D . , N . o

= = =

3
2 2
w w
7798kg m 3000 6 5
m m . C
a
, q , h .

= = =
25 80MPa 0MPa
o
i o
T C , P , P

= = =

The thermal loading is as follows: inner surface is
exposed to a uniform flux,
a
q , and the outer surface is
exposed to an airstream at T

.

4.1. The case of plane strain

The stress distribution after 10h of creeping are
plotted in Fig. (2), (3) and (4) for the stress
components
rr
o

,
uu
o and
zz
o respectively.
According to Fig. (3) and (4), radial and
circumferential stresses for all values of e are
compressive. It can be seen that radial and
circumferential stresses decreases as e increases.


Fig. 2: The radial stress calculated from the asymptotic solution after 10 h of creeping

Fig. 3: The circumferential stress calculated from the asymptotic solution after 10 h of creeping
International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 228-237, 2013
234

Fig. 4: The axial stress calculated from the asymptotic solution after 10 h of creeping

The time dependent stresses at point r=30 mm, are
plotted in Fig. (5), (6) and (7). It is clear that the
values of all three stresses are reduced over time. It is
also significant that at this radius, all three stresses are
compressive. According to Fig. (5), radial stress
decreases as e increases.

Fig. 5: Time-dependent radial stress at the point r=30 mm

Fig. 6: Time-dependent circumferential stress at the point r=30 mm

Fig. 7: Time-dependent axial stress at the point r=30 mm

4.2. The case of plane stress

The stress distribution after 10h of creeping are
plotted in Fig. (8) and (9) for the stress components
rr
o and
uu
o respectively. According to Fig. (9),
maximum value of circumferential stress occurs at the
inner radius and also all stresses are compressive for
different values of angular velocitye .
The time dependent stresses at point r=30 mm, are
plotted in Fig. (10) and (11). According to Fig. (10)
Zamani Nejad and Davoudi Kashkoli
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Heat Flux
235
and (11), radial and circumferential stresses are
compressive and the values of all two stresses are
reduced over time for different values of angular
velocitye .


Fig. 8: The radial stress calculated from the asymptotic solution after 10 h of creeping

Fig. 9: The circumferential stress calculated from the asymptotic solution after 10 h of
creeping

Fig. 10: Time-dependent radial stress at the point r=30 mm

Fig. 11: Time-dependent circumferential stress at the point r=30 mm
5. CONCLUSION

This study, an analytical solution procedure has
developed for the analysis of an internally and
externally pressurized, isotropic homogeneous
rotating thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels
subjected to a time-dependent thermo creep condition.
For the stress analysis in a cylindrical pressure vessel,
having material creep behavior, the solutions of the
stresses at a time equal to zero (i.e. the initial stress
state) are needed, which correspond to the solution of
materials with linear elastic behavior. The analytical
solution is obtained for the conditions of plane strain
and plane stress. For the creep material behavior, the
International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 228-237, 2013
236
solution is asymptotic. For the stress analysis after a
long time creeping, the iterative procedure is
necessary. Norton's power law of creep is employed to
derive general expressions for stresses and strain rates
in the thick rotating cylindrical pressure vessel. The
pressure, inner radius and outer radius are considered
constant. Material properties are considered as
constant. The heat conduction equation for the one-
dimensional problem in polar coordinates is used to
obtain temperature distribution in the cylinder.
According to stress distribution after 10h of creeping
for the case of plane stress, both radial and
circumferential stresses remain compressive over the
entire cylindrical vessel radius. It must be noted that
for the case of plane stress, the maximum value of
circumferential stress at the point r=30 mm, is at a
time equal to zero (i.e. the initial stress state) and it
decreases as time increases while the maximum value
of radial stress at the point r=30 mm, is at almost
Time= 1h and it decreases as time increases.
According to stress distribution after 10h of creeping
for the case of plane strain, the maximum value of all
three stresses at the point r=30 mm, are at a time
equal to zero (i.e. the initial stress state), in other word
all three stresses decrease as time increases.

6. APPENDIX

The unknown constants in Eqs. (16) and (17) are

( )( ) ( )
2
1 2
1 1 2 1 2
i
P C
C
E a
v v v +
= +
( )( )( )
( )
2 2
3 2 1 2 1
8 1
a
E
v v v
e
v
+

(A1)
( )( )( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1
i o
P P ab
C
E b a
v +
=

( )
( )( )
2
2 2
1
1 1 2
b
a
a
Trdr
b a
v v o
v v
+ | |

|

\ .
}

( )( )( )
( )
2
2
3 2 1
8 1
ab
E
v v
e
v
+

(A2)

The unknown constants in Eqs. (25) and (26) are

( ) ( )
( )
2
1 2
1 1
1
i
P C
C
E a
v v
v
'
' = +
+

( )( )
2 2
3 1
8
a
E
v v
e
+
+ (A3)
( )( )( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1
i o
P P ab
C
E b a
v +
' =

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1
1
b
a
a
Trdr
b a
v v o
v
+

}

( )( )( )
2
2
3 1
8
ab
E
v v
e
+ +
+
( A4 )

REFERENCES

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walled orthotropic cylinder in the theory of
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Gupta SK, Pathak S (2001). Thermo creep transition
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Zamani Nejad and Davoudi Kashkoli
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Heat Flux
237




Mohammad Zamani Nejad is currently as an assistant professor at the department of Mechanical
Engineering in Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. He received his bachelors degree in Mechanical
Engineering-Solids Design in Shiraz University and his masters degree in Mechanical Engineering-
Applied Design in Mazandaran University. He obtained his Ph.D. from Tarbiat Modares University,
Tehran, Iran. His research interests include thermo-elasto plastic analysis and creep analysis of solids.








Mosayeb Davoudi Kashkoli received his bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering-Solids Design in
Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. He is currently a graduate student in Mechanical Engineering-Applied
Design in Yasouj University. In his master course, he conducted many researches under the supervision of
Dr. Zamani Nejad. His research interests is creep stress analysis in axisymmetric thick shells.