MV Girish, Commissioning engineers training, 2011-01-21

Introduction to Substation Automation and IEC61850

Conventional Control & Protection

220 kV Switch Yard Double Busbar

Cable Trenches

Protection panels

Control Board

400 kV Switch Yard 1/2 Circuit Breaker

Control Building

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 2

Modern Substation Automation

220 kV line protection Monitoring & control from remote

Bay control 220 kV Transformer protection Bay control 400 kV Busbar protection
Central Unit

Interbay bus

Local control
Gateway
Bay Units

GPS Printers

Eth. Switch

400 kV line protection

Interbay bus

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 3

Modern Substation Automation

Station Level
Network Control Center NCC

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

Inter Bay Bus

Process Level

Bay Level

-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 4

Future Substation Automation

Station Level
Network Control Center NCC

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

Inter Bay Bus

Bay Level

LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATI ON

Process Bus

Process Level

PISA

PISA A

-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q51 -T1 -Q9 -Q8

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 5

PISA A

PISA B

Technical requirements for the standard

Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.
The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.

Free allocation

Long term stability

The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 6

How to solve all these Technical requirements?

Interoperability ! Free allocation ! Long term stability !

What features in a Substation and in a Substation Automation System are changing slowly ? are changing fast ?

What belongs really to the the functions ? the communication ? to both ?

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 7

Approach of IEC 61850

Problem for standardization approach
Slow

Solution for standardization approach

APPLICATION switching devices protection & control commands, events, alarms,

Application Domain Substation Change in Technology

How to make a future proof standard ?

DATA MODEL Objects Service

Fast
ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 8

Communication Technology

COMMUNICATION messages, telegrams, frames on the wire

ISO/OSI seven layer stack

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Data model

The data model is an object model close to user It provides all services for the domain S/S and SA It provides a high degree of freedom for optimization

It supports the more convenient use of object lists instead of signal lists

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 9

Communication and Logical Nodes

Communication in a Substation Automation System
Information is exchanged between all devices comprise the system which

More

precisely, data are exchanged between the functions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The smallest part of the function that exchanges data and very important may be implemented separately in dedicated devices is called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850 The LN is a container of data related to some function but it is told often that the LN performs some operations for the overall function
ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 10

Communication and Logical Nodes

Communication in a Substation Automation System
Information is exchanged between all devices comprise the system which

More

precisely, data are exchanged between the functions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The smallest part of the function that exchanges data and very important may be implemented separately in dedicated devices is called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850 The LN is a container of data related to some function but it is told often that the LN performs some operations for the overall function
ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 11

Examples of Logical Nodes close to the user

LN function-related in the substation
Control Q0/CSWI Q8/CSWI Q9/CSWI Bay-HMI IHMI

Earthing Switch Q8_L1/XSWI Gas density mon. Q8_L1/SIMG Isolator Q9_L1/XSWI Gas density mon. Q9_L1/SIMG Circuit Breaker Q0_L1/XCBR Gas density mon. Q0_L1/SIMG
ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 12

Secondary technology

Primary technology

Distance Protection PDIS

Examples of LNs in devices (IEDs)

Device Example: Station Workplace

IHMI
(Human Machine IF)

Device Example: Combined Protection and Control Unit

CSWI
(Switch Controller)

PDIS
(Distance Protection)

TVTR
XCBR
(Circuit Breaker) (Voltage Transformer)

TCTR
Device Example: Combisensor
(Current Transformer)

Device Example: Circuit Breaker

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 13

The groups of LNs provided by IEC 61850

Group identification by First letter

L System LN (2*) P Protection (28) R Protection related (10) C Control (5) G Generic (3) I Interfacing and archiving (4) A Automatic control (4)
Examples PDIF: Differential protection RBRF: Breaker failure XCBR: Circuit breaker

M Metering and measurement (8) S Sensor and monitoring (4) X Switchgear (2) T Instrument transformers (2) Y Power transformers (4) Z Further power system equipment (15)
*) Number in brackets indicates the number of LNs provided allocated to this group

CSWI: Switch controller MMXU: Measurement unit YPTR: Power transformer

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 14

The model hierarchy (example)

Physical Device (IED) defined as Server
Implementation

Bay Unit (name not standardized)

Logical Device (LD)

Grouping

Control (name not standardized)

CSWI (Switch Control)

Logical Node (LN)

Data

Data (Object)
Property

Pos (Position)
ctlVal (Control Value/Command) off/on

Attribute
Value

Attribute
Value
ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 15

stVal (Status Value) Intermediate-state/off/on/bad-state

Device model according to IEC 61850 with the Logical Nodes for a combined protection-control
Logical Device (LD) for common PD features LLN0 LPHD

Physical Device (PD) Bay Unit

Logical Nodes used

LPHD LPHD LLN0
LLN0 Common properties

LLN0
PDI S PTOC

PDIS
PTOC

Distance protection
Time overcurrent protection Switch control Interlocking

CSWI CILO
CSWI CILO

Logical Device (LD) Line protection Logical Device (LD) Bay control

LPHD

Physical device information

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 16

Logical node and link concept

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 17

From Signal List to Object List

Signal list
.. .. .. ..

Object list
LN XCBR

Circuit Breaker

..
..

..
.. .. .. ..

LN IHMI

Station HMI

..
.. .. .. ..

LN CSWI

Switch Controller

..

Complete ?

..

Complete regarding mandatory data !

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 18

System Architecture (Example)

Control Center HMI Engineering

Router

Ethernet Ring with Switches

Bay Controller

Relay Relay A B

Bay Controller

Relay Relay A B

Modern Switchgear

Modern CT / VT's

Modern Switchgear

Modern CT / VT's

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 19

IEC 61850 Documentation

System Aspects
Part 1: Introduction and Overview Part 2: Glossary Part 3: General Requirements Part 4: System and Project Management Part 5: Comm. Requirements for Functions and Device Models

Data Models
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes Common Data Classes

Part 7-3:

Abstract Communication Services

Part 7-2: Part 7-1: Abstract Communication Services (ACSI) Principles and Models

Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM)

Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and to ISO/IEC 8802-3 Sampled Values over Serial Unidirectional Multidrop Point-to-Point link

Configuration
Part 6: Configuration Language for electrical Substation IEDs

Part 9-1:

Part 9-2:

Sampled values over ISO 8802-3

Testing
Part 10: Conformance Testing

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 20

Engineering

Engineering features
Formal description for device and system structures needed
Substation Configuration description Language provides the formal description Engineering process

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 21

Engineering
For the formal description is provided by the Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
based on XML defined in part 6 of the standard (IEC 61850-6) usable for IED Configuration Description (ICD) files System Configuration Description (SCD) file System functional specification (SSD)

the engineering information is exchangeable between tools !!!

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 22

SCL exchange during the engineering process

Engineering environment
IED Capabilities (LN, DO, etc)

IED DB

System Configurator

Engineering Workplace

IED Configurator File transfer remote

Association, relation to Single line diagram, preconfigured, reports, etc.

File transfer local

SA system

Substation Gateway

File transfers and parameterization with IEC61850 services

IED

IED

IED

IED

ABB Group January 23, 2011 | Slide 23