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Introduction
About this toolkit This is a practical step-by-step guide to Visitor Management Planning (VMP) for people working in the London visitor economy - particularly those responsible for place shaping and destination management. It was commissioned by the London Development Agency (LDA) in 2006, to support local visitor economies across London. It draws on the visitor management planning carried out concurrently in Woolwich and City Eastside. For more information or guidance call Niall Brolly at the LDA on 020 7593 8000 or Malcolm Connor of the consultancy team on 01926 642157 Acknowledgements This toolkit is based on the outputs of a consultancy study commissioned by the LDA from TEAM Tourism Consulting, a UK-based international tourism consultancy specialising in strategic and operational planning consultancy for tourism destinations. The work was undertaken for TEAM by Amanda Shepherd, Malcolm Connor and Peter Varlow - www.team-tourism.com And with thanks for some source material and case studies to: Destination Management Handbook , published by ETB and Tourism Management Institute 2003 Haley Sharpe Design, specialists in visual & spatial communication - www. haleysharpe.com
Introduction
Gateways
Visitor facilities
Welcome
So, visitor management is wide ranging and touches on infrastructure development, including investment in the public realm and identifying sites for visitor economy related development. Visitor flows need to reflect capacity, so visitor management also includes some aspects of marketing - developing reasons for off-peak visits, for example by developing events or special promotions. And it means managing visitor flows once they are at the destination, creating orientation routes using information boards, maps, signage, siting of facilities and landscaping.
Introduction
Position Statement
Action Plan
This diagram simplifies the strategic planning process, but it does show that visitor management is only part of the bigger picture that creates the overall destination management plan. It needs to be consistent with things that you might be doing in marketing, visitor services, research, training, business support and other areas. So it must relate to your overall objectives and target segments. And of course it needs to take into account the planning and investment environment in your destination, regeneration projects, transport plans, Business Improvement Districts etc. Your visitor management plan could be part of a much larger visitor economy strategy or could be a separate, but integrated, piece of work.
This toolkit is divided into four sections. 1) Preparation: your objectives and stakeholders 2) Where are you now? 3) Where do you want to be? 4) How are you going to get there? Each section contains some explanatory information, gives you some case studies and then has a checklist - your next steps.
There may be some statutory obligations to consider - Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings, World Heritage Site designations, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (S.S.S.I.) etc. You need to agree objectives with stakeholders at the outset. Between them, they are likely to manage a lot of your visitor product and infrastructure so will be responsible for delivery of large parts of the visitor management plan. Local communities objections to visitors are often because they do not understand the importance of visitors to the local economy - and also because local people may bear the brunt of negative impact. So you will need to communicate information about the positives - the impact of visitor spend on jobs, local services and facilities - and about how a good visitor management plan can tackle potential negative impacts.
Setting objectives
Your visitor management objectives will be specific to your destination and stakeholders. They should address the need for: a warm welcome and good first impressions clear orientation and navigation relevant information for the market - supplied when, where and how they want it quality experiences in a safe setting.
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Key steps 1) Agree who will be members of your partnership /steering group, its terms of reference and remit 2) Agree the timeframe in which to prepare your plan and get key dates in the diary 3) Define your objectives - either in a wider visitor economy strategy or as a specific visitor management plan 4) Identify who will do the work - a lead officer / shared around by committee / referred to consultants - key players are likely to be tourism officers and town centre managers 5) Identify who will be the project champion - perhaps an elected member with commitment and influence Checklist Choose and empower your project champion Identify the local authority roles, and ensure that all relevant departments are involved Involve town centre managers and/or heritage site managers Engage with the prime land owners and developers Involve the transport operators Identify representative groups from the private sector, such as tourist associations Understand community wishes and their attitudes to visitors Define your spatial area Understand the strategic context - relevant existing policies and strategies e.g. economic, regeneration & visitor economy vision and objectives, structure and local plans, the local transport plan, national / regional visitor economy strategies and supplementary planning guidance Consider the implications of the Legible London initiative www.legiblelondon.info Understand the Local Authorities adopted tourism signposting policy and the LDA white on brown signposting guidance Identify specific designations that apply in, are adjacent to, or nearby your plan area, e.g. environmental and heritage conservation
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The checklist at the end of this section guides you through the audit. In summary, it should cover: major proposals which may have a bearing on visitor movements over the next few years - with an assessment of whether each is likely to go ahead and the timescale the products - what are the attractors that draw people to your destination and who provides them mapping of visitor movements, specifically: gateways (points of entry) honey-pots (what visitors primarily come to see) clusters (the key places where visitors congregate) nodes (places visitors go to or pass through) routes (where visitors are directed) desire lines (where visitors naturally tend to go)
market segments: most destinations attract a wide range of visitors and visitor management needs to apply across a range of market segments - yet it is still important to identify the core segments that are most important to the visitor economy and/or can be most easily influenced. These are often first-time visitors unfamiliar with their surroundings seeking guidance and reassurance.
visitor behaviour: A Day in the Life of exercise is a useful technique to understand more about your visitor behaviour. This is a role play exercise where you put yourselves in the shoes of different market segments and consider the whole experience from their point of view - the maps they collect before leaving home, the journey and signage, where they park, their first impressions, how they move around and the routes they take, their worries and concerns, leaving the destination, their memories and recollections (the best bits and the not so good), etc. This can also be done through a Mystery Shopper who visits the destination to independently assess these sorts of factors. interpretation: existing provision of interpretive media including their locations and themes / story-lines.
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Focusing on gateways
The concept of gateways is an important part of visitor management. Gateways are the key point of engagement with visitors as they set out to explore the destination. In spatial terms there are two types of gateway - centralised gateways (often only one) at the heart or focal point of the destination and dispersed gateways (smaller ones) on the main routes into the area. Centralised gateways help to attract visitors to a specific point (such as an information centre - like the Britain and London Visitor Centre - or heritage or interpretation centre) and then disperse them to parts of the locality that have the capacity to take visitors. In their simplest form, welcome to boundary signs are gateways. So are rail and coach stations, and car parks. But more sophisticated gateways provide an opportunity for travellers to stop and be informed, advised and excited about their visit, create the first impression and provide the first welcome and introduction, explain what there is to see and do, give directions, supply an introduction to the local stories and offer clear mapping. Some destinations have the visitor footfall and the right site or property in the right location to warrant a visitor and information centre - although there are usually high capital and revenue costs associated with this, and relatively low income-generation. Visitor orientation and information is most effective where visitors congregate (and it reaches the most people). Viewpoints and attractions play an important gateway role. Some types of gateway have staff, and the visitor experience is as good (or otherwise) as the staff knowledge of their locality. Visitors will also ask local people for directions and advice - so people who live and work in your destination are ambassadors for your area. Personal recommendation is the most powerful communication medium. A gateway is also a leaving point - an opportunity to say thank you for visiting, have a safe journey, tell your friends and come back again.
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Key steps 1) Identify who comes and why - now and in the future 2) Assess your relevant major proposals and their implications 3) Define your clusters where visitors congregate, and map it out 4) Do an audit of your existing signage and street furniture 5) Identify your current destination gateways 6) Identify your key market segments and act out a day in their life as a visitor 7) Prepare a SWOT analysis and position statement that focuses on these issues and helps to clarify your visitor management objectives Checklist How many visitors come and how much do they spend? Where do visitors go, what do they do, what are their motivations? What are the sites carrying capacities and which sites are close to, at, or beyond their carrying capacity? When are the peaks and troughs? Who manages the visitor sites and what are their objectives? Are there any visitor behaviour issues? What are the visitor characteristics in relation to: Seasonality; Languages; Where they stay; Length of stay; How they travel; Travel cohort - groups; Age / Social class; Childrens age range; Mobility / disability; Influence of weather; Advance booking Which segments plan, which are spontaneous, who are the explorers, who follow the crowd? Which segments are more easily influenced in terms of where to go, where to park etc? Where are the clusters: Tourist Information Centre (TIC) - Attractions - Beauty spots and View points - Retail - Events - Restaurants - Accommodation - Public realm - Trails, designated routes Street interpretation etc? Where are the gateways in relation to: Road - car, coach, bus, cycle; Rail - station; Foot - footpaths, bridleways; Boat - moorings, ferry terminal; Air - airport?
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Are the car parks appropriate for visitors - in terms of location, length of stay, charging? Is there a park and ride, is it geared to visitors needs? Is there a TIC and what gateway role does it have? What are the safety and security issues? What quality is the signage and public realm? Is there a scheme for white on brown signs? Who is responsible for the signage and public realm? What new developments are in the pipeline - which have planning consent, which have funding? Could Section 106 agreements create funding for visitor management? What quality improvements are planned? What changes to the public realm are expected? Are there any major new transport and road schemes?
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Gateways and Mapping Designating gateways Gateway specification Desire lines and connectivity - gateways, honey-pots, other points Way Finding Approach routes to the destination White on brown Traffic signs Welcome to boundary signs Neighbourhood and street signs Orientation maps Pedestrian fingerposts Themed trails Leisure drives Alternative transport - park and ride, land trains, Departure signage and messages Information Information online Information on street Walk-in information, staffed and unstaffed Information collection and databases Saleable print - OS maps, guide books, etc People and Welcome Visitor Information Customer care Ambassadors - community and traders Information patrollers Guided tours and walks Street animation Anti social behaviour
Concept Design Destination brand and logo Concept design options Visualisation of street furniture components Public Realm Car parking Coach parking and drop-off Viewpoints Building plaques Public toilets Street furniture Public art CCTV Business and neighbourhood watch Street cleaning Interpretation Themes Locations Media
Other Aspects Events Ticketing Disabled and sensory needs Volunteer schemes Visitor payback schemes
Action planning
You can now start to write your visitor management plan. Hold an Action Planning Workshop to cover this ground as quickly and as comprehensively as possible. This should involve some of your stakeholders especially those at the sharp end of delivery. There are again a number of techniques to do this - working in small buzz groups, individually and in a plenary format. Your overall plan should be broken down into some bite-sized chunks. Subject headings are suggested below. The components will vary according to your local circumstances - some may not be relevant to you.
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Key steps 1) Identify your headings from the list on page 27 (eg Wayfinding, Public Realm, Interpretation, etc) 2) Under each heading, (eg Wayfinding) work through the solutions to each of these points: Where we are now Firm plans in place and dates confirmed Where we want to be by (year to be agreed) Our next steps Who will lead, who will do the work, who is the champion Resources and timing requirements Overall priority (high / medium / low) Other comments and information Checklist Identify when and where the Action Planning Workshop will be held Determine the format to ensure it engages with all participants Consider who is best placed to chair and who should facilitate Ensure all of the comments - no matter how incidental - are captured Ensure the long list of components are considered under each heading The relevant components to your destination should feature in your list of actions Identify specialist skills that need to be brought in as you move ahead - design, mapping, interpretive specialists etc
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Public-funded tourism support for London: whos who The London Development Agency has devolved responsibility from the Mayor for tourism in London. This includes a remit to spread the benefits of visitor spend beyond the central London honeypots, through its Sub-Regional Tourism Development Programme. For more information see www.lda.gov.uk or contact Niall Brolly, the LDAs Tourism Development Manager for East London niall.brolly@lda.gov.uk Visit London is the official visitor organisation for the capital, core funded by the London Development Agency. Its aim is to promote London as the worlds most exciting city by marketing to domestic and overseas leisure and business visitors, as well as to Londoners themselves. Visit London is a partnership organisation which also acts as a voice for Londons tourism industry. It was formerly known as the London Tourist Board. For more information see http://www.corporate.visitlondon.com. The London Boroughs vary in their support for the visitor economy: some have designated tourism teams, while others support tourism through their economic development and place making agendas, including town centre management initiatives. For more details, contact Niall Brolly at the LDA - see above.
Other languages and formats: a summarised version of this document is also available in large print, braille, audio casette and in the languages listed below. For a copy, please email: info@lda.gov.uk, telephone: 020 7953 8000, or write to London Development Agency, Palestra, 197 Blackfriars Road, London SE1A 8AA
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London Development Agency Palestra 197 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8AA Telephone: 020 7593 8000 Fax: 020 7593 8002 www.lda.gov.uk Textphone: 020 7593 8001