The Influence of Using News From Voa English Program Toward Student Sarif

THE INFLUENCE OF USING NEWS FROM VOA ENGLISH PROGRAM TOWARD STUDENTS VOCABUARY MASTERY AT ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA
MUHAMMADIYAH N I METRO ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
(An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal)
By SARIPUDIN SRN 10341140
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF METRO 2013/2014
Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE .......................................................................................... TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................ APROVAL PAGE ..................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................... TABLE OF APPPEDINCES ................................................................... LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................
i ii iii iv v vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. Problem Background ......................................................................... Problem Identification ....................................................................... Problem Limitation ........................................................................... Problem Formulation ......................................................................... Research Objective ........................................................................... Research Benefit ............................................................................... Research Scope ................................................................................. 1 4 4 5 5 5 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1. 2.2. 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3. 2.4. Previous Research Overview ............................................................. Theoretical Review ............................................................................ The Concept Of Vocabulary .............................................................. The Concept Of News ....................................................................... The Concept Of VOA English Program ............................................ Thinking Framework ........................................................................ Hypothesis ........................................................................................ 7 8 9 25 29 32 33
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1. Research Design ................................................................................ 3.2. Research Variable .............................................................................. 3.2.1 Conceptual Definition of Variable.................................................... 3.2.2 Operational Definition of Variable ................................................... 3.3. Research Population and Sample ...................................................... 3.4. Research Instrument ......................................................................... 3.5. Validity and Reliability...................................................................... 3.5.1 Validity .............................................................................................. 3.5.2 Reliability .......................................................................................... 3.6 Data Collecting Technique ............................................................... 3.7 Data Analysis Technique ................................................................... 34 36 37 38 40 42 44 44 46 46 48
3.7.1 Normality Test .................................................................................. 3.7.2 Homogeneity Test ............................................................................. 3.7.3 Hypothesis Test .................................................................................. REFERENCES APPENDIX
49 49 50
TABLE OF APPENDIX 1. Lesson Plan a. Experiment Class .................................................................. b. Control Class ......................................................................... 2. Instrument a. Pretest .................................................................................... b. Post Test ................................................................................
54 60
66 67
LIST OF TABLE
1. Table 1.1 The Result Of Pre-Survey Data .......................................... 2. Table 3.1 the amount of students........................................................ 3. Table 3.2 specification of sampling ................................................... 4. Table 3.4 Table of specification of instrument vocabulary mastery ..
2 40 42 43
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Background From Past time to now as modern era, English language is very useful language. It takes-part of important things that must have by everybody in each country, it raises to easy they in communicating, trading, business and the other needed. In Indonesia an education law has determined that most of Indonesian important to get it well especially for student. Richard and Rodger cited in Setiyadi (2007:16) at least basic assumption about language are propped: a. Language is system for the expression of meaning. b. The primary function of language is for interactional and communication. c. Structure of language reflects its functional and communicates. d. The primary units of language are not merely its grammatical and structural features, but categories of functional and communicative meaning as exemplified in discourse. The four basic assumption of language suggest what aspect of language should be thought, how language should be presented in language class and how language competence should be evaluated. In this case, using of English language without understand and know well its component include vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and the others that supported it, its like blind eyes and we will get great obstacles from it. Vocabulary is one of important component from English language. We cant
communicate in spoken or written with the other without vocabularies, in another word, it is true that it might be impossible to learn and use language without mastering vocabulary. If we have enough or much vocabularies in our mind, its very helping us to speak or communicate well. Based on the guidelines of SMA Curriculum of English (KTSP for English), graduates of senior high school are supported to master vocabulary in order to be able to communicate whether in spoken or written form. When the researcher takes pre-survey in one of senior high school, it is in SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro, the researcher find verities mastery especially in vocabulary. There are many students who ignore the importance of vocabulary and most of them are not interest to find out the new vocabulary. Table 1.1 The result of pre-survey data at the eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year 2013/2014.
Category Sum Good 4 Enough 6 Bad 10 Total 20 Students Source :the English teacher of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro.
No 1 2 3
Score 81-100 61-80 60
Percentage 20 % 30 % 50 % 100 %
Based on the data above, the percentage of the students vocabulary mastery is in low category. There is 10 students get in bad score, it prove that their ability in vocabulary still low. But for students who get good and enough categories are in short range, it means that not all the students in SMA Muhammadiyah lack in vocabulary mastery. They should be given a creative teaching that attracted them.
Here the researcher can categorize the learning and teaching process in that school that make their students get low scores while in test. Generally, most of students or teacher use old media and book only to get all the vocabularies, collect and memorize the vocabularies. However, using of them its not enough, nowadays these media is uninterested for students, almost of them get bored to looking for and use it. To make the students attracted to learn and memorizing the vocabularies it can use the effective, creative and interesting media. Its hoped, it can persuade the students to more active and can stimulate them to get it easily. After the research get the pre-survey in the learning achievement of Senior high School (SHS). Student in master the vocabulary is still low, the media are used by teacher is not effective and not interest. The teachers do not use technology and modern media yet totally. In addition, theres most of the teacher lack in creativeness to create a creative media, and also they only use monotones media in teaching. To solve these big problems, here the researcher use interested media, the media is using news from VOA English program. Why the researcher chooses News from VOA English program, because almost the student only watch the news on TV or in other media like Internet using Indonesian language. It gives some advantages for the students, audience, reader or listener. It contents little vocabulary. But if News from VOA the researcher believes that the students will get many vocabularies are unfamiliar for them that its function use in their daily day. In this case they will increase their vocabulary mastery instantly with simple way. They not only can develop their vocabulary based on it but also the contents of news itself will be got. That hoped can interest and make them get full spirit to
learn it. Because of that the researcher takes a pre-survey to be a participant toward many students in senior high School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro (SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro) to know them all
1.2 Problem Identification Based on the background of the problem above, the researcher likes to identify the problem as follows: 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 Student in master the vocabulary is still low. The media are used by teacher is not effective and not interest. The teachers do not use technology and modern media yet totally. In addition, theres most of the teacher lack in creativeness to create a creative media. 1.2.5 And also they only use monotones media in teaching.
Finally to reach and solve these problems all students should learn more and the teacher should responsible how to reach it successfully.
1.3 Problem Limitation Based on the problem identification the researcher will be only focused on the influence of using news from VOA English program toward students vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year 2013/2014
1.4 Problem Formulation Based on the problem background, the researcher can formulated the problem as follows: 1.4.1 Is there any influence of using News from VOA English program toward students vocabulary mastery?
1.5 Research Objective The objective of this research is 1.5.1 To know there is any influence of using News from VOA English program toward students vocabulary mastery.
1.6 Research Benefit The researcher hopes that this research will have some benefits in the study of English especially in vocabulary mastery. There are two kinds of benefits in this research, those are; 1.6.1 To give information to the teacher about the influence of using news from VOA English program toward students vocabulary mastery. 1.6.2 To motivate the students in learning English especially to increase their vocabulary mastery by using news from VOA English program as media. 1.6.3 The result of this study can be used to improve the quality of teaching learning of vocabulary in the school. 1.6.4 The result of the study can add the amount of the research especially vocabulary mastery.
1.7 Research Scope 1.7.1 The subject of this research is the students of eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro 1.7.2 The object of this research is students vocabulary mastery by using News from VOA English program. 1.7.3 The place of this research is in SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro 1.7.4 The Time of the research will be done in academic year 2013/2014.
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Previous Research Overview In this research, the researcher needs some previous research overview to support and give some guidelines to get best result in the end of research. The first related research was conducted by Yasmika Baihaqi (2010), entitled The influence of vocabulary mastery toward English speaking ability of the fourth semester students of English education program Muhammadiyah university of metro 2009-2010 academic year. One of the purpose of teaching speaking is the students are able to use English as a means of communication based on the context and situation related to their level of vocabulary. The purpose of this research is to find out whether vocabulary is influential toward English speaking ability. The second related research was conducted by Erma hidayati (2011), entitled the influence of using song toward the students vocabulary mastery at the fifth grade of SDN 2 Toto Mulyo east Lampung academic year 2010/2011. The objective this research was to figure out whether there is significant influence through song toward students vocabulary mastery. Through song technique, the students vocabulary mastery influenced. The use song technique in instruction proves to influence the students activities. The students can active in learning, teaching and response to teacher explaining about material.
The third related research was conducted by Serly Selvia (2011), entitled the influence of using word association technique toward vocabulary mastery at the
student of SMPN 7 metro academic year 2011/2013. The teacher needs some technique to progress vocabulary mastery. So the researcher wants to analyze about the influence of using word association technique toward vocabulary mastery at the student of SMPN 7 metro academic year 2011/2013. Krasen and Terrell (1985:155) say that it one knows the morphology and syntax of an utterance addressed to him or her, but doesnt how to meaning of the key lexical form, he or she will be unable to participate in the communication, for this reason, it is important to master vocabulary in order to able to communicate with other. Vocabulary is also important for the acquisition process. Kresen and Terrell (1985:155) state that the popular beliefs are that one uses form and grammar to understand meaning. The truth is probably closer to the opposite. One acquires morphology call syntax because one understands the meaning of utterances. Acquisition depends crucially on the input being comprehensible. And comprehensibility is dependent directly on the ability to recognize the meaning of key elements in the utterance. Thus, acquisition will not take place without comprehension of vocabulary.
2.2 Theoretical Review The theory review supporting this research includes the concept of news, News. Everything that concerning about news. The concept of Indonesian Now program, the concept of vocabulary and all the component of its. And the explanation of each sub-topic is as follows:
2.2.1. The Concept of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the knowledge of words and word meanings. As Steven Stahl (2005) puts it, "Vocabulary knowledge is knowledge; the knowledge of a word not only implies a definition, but also implies how that word fits into the world." Vocabulary knowledge is not something that can ever be fully mastered; it is something that expands and deepens over the course of a lifetime. Instruction in vocabulary involves far more than looking up words in a dictionary and using the words in a sentence. Vocabulary is acquired incidentally through indirect exposure to words and intentionally through explicit instruction in specific words and word-learning strategies. According to Michael Graves (2000), there are four components of an effective vocabulary program
a. b.
wide or extensive independent reading to expand word knowledge instruction in specific words to enhance comprehension of texts containing those words
c. d.
instruction in independent word-learning strategies, and Word consciousness and word-play activities to motivate and enhance learning.
Learning a language cannot be separated from learning its vocabulary because vocabulary is one of the most important aspect of learning the language. Hornby( 1986:959) says vocabulary is a total number of words, which makes up the language.
Thus, vocabulary is a component of language that contains any formation about the meaning and using word in language. It is to say that vocabulary is a part of language which will make language meaningful. The more and better vocabulary the students perform it language. Fries (1973:32) state that Vocabulary is the essential of language learning. A vocabulary is a set of words known to a person or the entity, or that are part of a specific language stated by Aitcheson (2001). And Harmer (1993:153) stated that if language structures make up the skeleton of language, than it is the vocabulary that provides the vital organ. As mentioned by rivers (1970):462), it would be impossible to learn a language without vocabulary, learning a language means learning its vocabulary. Vocabulary is a language component of a target language. It is because vocabulary has many forms which basically refer to part of speech, and it can be divided into some component, they are noun, verbs, adjective, adverb, and pronoun. 2.2.1.1 Noun A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun. Nouns are the words we use to name things. There are five types of nouns: common, proper, concrete, abstract and collective.
2.2.1.1.1 Common Nouns A common noun is an everyday item. It is the name given to a generic item: chair, fish, concrete, cloud, tree, nail, screwdriver, pencil, coffee, arm, hair, kangaroo, table, wall, or finger. It is everything and anything.
2.2.1.1.2
Proper Nouns
This is the exact opposite of a common noun. Proper nouns refer to all the things that are unique. They have their own distinguishable identity.
All proper nouns start with a capital letter: London (a city), Napoleon Bonaparte (an historical figure), Amazon River (a waterway), Avatar (a movie), McDonalds (a restaurant), The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (a book) and Sydney Harbour Bridge (a landmark). 2.2.1.1.3 Concrete Nouns A concrete noun is anything that can be perceived with our senses. We can see it, hear it, smell it, taste it or touch it. We can perceive clouds, flowers, soil, water, music, chatter, laughter, smoke, perfume, stench, sugar, salt, vanilla, velvet, silk and bricks. 2.2.1.1.4 Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun is a state, a quality or feeling that can not be perceived by the senses. We cannot use our five senses to perceive happiness, jealousy, beauty, trust, loyalty, betrayal or love.
2.2.1.1.5
Collective Nouns
A collective noun is used to describe a group of objects. For example, a herd of cows, a colony of ants, a school of fish, a flock of seagulls, a pack of rats and a horde of zombies.
2.2.1.2 Verbs
Verb is the most important component of any sentence. These words tell about the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means that Verbs show what the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject. For example: He ran to the store. - Here the verb ran describes the action of the subject he 2.2.1.2.1 Finite Verb
Finite Verbs are those verbs that have a definite relation with the subject or noun. These verbs are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed according to the noun. They are used only in present and past tense. They can be indicative of passive or active voice and also of number (singular or plural). She walks home. - Here we see that the finite verb is walks and the pronoun is 'she'. She walked home. - Here we can see how the verb changed/modified to change the tense of the sentence. 2.2.1.2.2 In-Finite Verbs
These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not indicate any tense, mood or gender. They are used as nouns, adverbs and
adjectives. They are also used to form non-finite clauses which are simply dependent clauses that use non-finite verbs.
He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is used as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called Gerunds.
2.2.1.2.3
Auxiliary verbs
The auxiliary verbs of English are the following:
1. 2.
can, may, will, shall, must, ought, need, dare [modals] be, have, do, use [non-modals]
Some of them appear in idioms--be going, have got, had better/best, would rather/sooner (as in It is going to rain, I've got a headache, etc.)--and in such cases it is just the first verb (be, have, had, would) that is an auxiliary, not the whole idiom."
2.2.1.3 Adjective Adjectives are words that are used to describe (what kind of?) nouns and pronouns and to quantify (how much of?) and identify (which one?) them. In a nutshell, Adjectives are what define nouns and give them characteristics to differentiate them from other nouns. For example: He was wearing a blue shirt. Here blue is an adjective as it is describing the noun shirt by answering the question what kind of shirt?
2.2.1.4 Adverb Adverbs are words that are used in sentences to describe or change the meaning of a Verb or Adjective or even another Adverb. They add description to the sentence to make it more detailed and interesting. For example: He walked slowly across the square. Here, one can see that the Adverb slowly is describing the Verb walk by telling that the person was walking slowly. 2.2.1.4.1 Types of Adverbs
Adverbs are used in sentences to answer many questions about the Verbs/Adjectives/Adverbs themselves. The different types of Adverbs are as following:
1.
Adverb of Time
E.g.: The results were announced yesterday.
Here the Adverb is yesterday which is answering the question: When were the results announced? Announced is the verb in this sentence. Examples of Adverbs of Time are Once, Never, Tomorrow, Daily etc.
2.2.1.4.2
Adverb of Place
E.g.:They will meet you there.
The Adverb here is there that is specifying a place for the Verb meet and the
Other examples of Adverbs of Place are - Anywhere, Somewhere, Near, Far etc.
2.2.1.4.3
Adverb of Manner
E.g.: He quietly slipped away.
The Adverb here is quietly which is telling the way or manner in which the action was carried out and the Verb is slipped which is telling: How did he slip away.
These Adverbs tell about the manner of the action being done, whether it is done happily or haltingly etc. Other examples of Adverbs of Manner are - Honestly, Joyfully, Cunningly etc.
2.2.1.4.4
Adverb of Frequency
E.g.: He likes to watch TV every day.
Here, the Adverb is every day and it is telling about the amount of time spent in doing the Verb, which is watch. The question in this sentence is: How often does he watch TV?
These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is happening/had happened/will happen. They also tell us how often and how long these actions would be. Other examples of Adverbs of Frequency are Frequently, Often, Yearly, Briefly etc.
2.2.1.4.5
Adverbs of Degree
E.g.: She almost finished the work.
The Verb here is finished and the Adverb is almost which is telling us about the amount of the work finished. The question being asked is: How much of the work did she finish?
The Adverbs of Degree are used to show to what extent or how much has an action been done or will be done. Other examples of these Adverbs are - Fully, Partially, Altogether etc.
2.2.1.5 Pronoun
Pronouns are words that we use in place of Nouns (or other Pronouns) in a sentence to make it less repetitive and less awkward. Some of the most common Pronouns are - he, she, you, they, it, etc. These Pronouns are divided into different categories based on their use.
2.2.1.5.1
Personal Pronouns
These pronouns are used for a specific object or person and they change their forms to indicate the different genders, numbers, case and persons speaking -
Tanya told him to take the food to them as soon as possible as it was urgently needed.
2.2.1.5.2
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time. They are only four in number - This, That, These and Those. This and That are singular demonstrative pronouns and
These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns. They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.
That is a beautiful house. - That is a demonstrative pronoun that is referring to a specific noun (house). This is a singular pronoun as it is referring to only one house.
2.2.1.5.3
Interrogative Pronouns
Who, Whom, Which and What are Interrogative Pronouns as they are used to ask questions about a person or object that we do not know about. Compounds of these words are made by attaching -ever to the words to strengthen the emphasis on the word. Which one would you like? - Here, which is being used to ask someone to make a choice between different things, instead of naming every single choice that is available. 2.2.1.5.4 Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns are used to join or relate two different clauses together by referring to the noun in the previous clause using the pronouns - Who, Whom, Whose, Which and That. Which and That are generally used for objects; while Who and Whom are used for people, and Whose is used to show possession. She will choose the colour which looks good on everyone. Here, which is joining the two related clauses about choosing a colour and a colour which would look good on everyone.
2.2.1.5.5
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are those which are used to indicate a noun which has been used in an earlier part of the same sentence. These pronouns are - Myself, Themselves, Yourself, Ourselves, Herself, Himself and Itself. Rosa was going to take it to the shop but ended up fixing it herself one afternoon. Here, we can see that herself is being used to refer to Rosa again at the end of the sentence.
2.2.1.1 Classification Of Vocabulary The classifications given by Jo An Aebersold(1997:139) who classify the vocabulary into active and passive vocabulary. a. Active vocabulary refers to items which the learner can use appropriate in speaking or writing, and it is also called as productive vocabulary. Although in fact it is more difficult to put into practice, it means that to use the productive vocabulary , the students must know how to pronounce it well, must familiar with allocation and understand the meaning of the word.
b.
Passive refers to language items that can be recognized and understood. It is called receptive vocabulary.
Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to speak or write.
Passive vocabulary contains all the worlds that students understand when they read or listen, but which you do not use (or cannot remember) in they own writing and speaking. Active vocabulary is all the words understand, plus all the words that can use.
2.2.1.2 The Function Of Vocabulary Vocabulary not as single words but as phrases, sentences, and sometimes entire segments of discourse that act as single words. This view of vocabulary would be helpful in: (1) bringing the vocabulary aspect of instruction in English as a second language (ESL) closer to current research in language performance, (2) connecting communicative language teaching and notional functional grammar, and (3) learning the grammatical system of a language. Segments of language of varying length are called formulaic or prefabricated speech. Like individual words, they are stored in memory as units. According to Metsala. J.L (1999) The role of vocabulary growth in the development of two reading-related phonological processes was examined. In Experiments I and 2, 4- and 5-year-olds and a sample of first graders performed better on phonological awareness tasks for word versus pseudo word stimuli, and for highly familiar versus less familiar words.
2.2.2 The Concept Of Teaching And Learning Of Vocabulary
The scientific research on vocabulary instruction reveals that most vocabulary is acquired incidentally through indirect exposure to words. Students can acquire
vocabulary incidentally by engaging in rich oral-language experiences at home and at school, listening to books read aloud to them, and reading widely on their own. Cunningham (2005) recommends providing structured read-aloud and discussion sessions and extending independent reading experiences outside school hours to encourage vocabulary growth in students.
2.2.2.1 Intentional Vocabulary Teaching a. Specific Word Instruction Selecting Words to Teach Rich and Robust Instruction b. Word-Learning Strategies Dictionary Use Morphemic Analysis Cognate Awareness (ELL) Contextual Analysis
According to the National Reading Panel (2000), explicit instruction of vocabulary is highly effective. To develop vocabulary intentionally, students should be explicitly taught both specific words and word-learning strategies. To deepen students' knowledge of word meanings, specific word instruction should be robust (Beck et al., 2002). Seeing vocabulary in rich contexts provided by authentic texts, rather than in isolated vocabulary drills, produces robust vocabulary learning (National Reading Panel, 2000). Such instruction often does not begin with a definition, for the ability to give a definition is often the result of knowing what the word means. Rich and robust vocabulary instruction goes
beyond definitional knowledge; it gets students actively engaged in using and thinking about word meanings and in creating relationships among words.
Research shows that there are more words to be learned than can be directly taught in even the most ambitious program of vocabulary instruction.
According to Nation (1974) the teacher should decides the good method and technique to transfer the knowledge concern vocabulary. Here some ways in which can help the learner perceive the word by means of three separates senses in teaching the form of the word: a. b. c. Visually Tactilely Aurally
Furthermore, in teaching the meaning of the word: a. Demonstration b. Picture c. Explanation In addition, the technique for creating interest a. Making it difficult for the learner to get the form the form of the word. b. Making it difficult for the learner to get the meaning of the word. c. Making it difficult for the learner to connect the meaning and the form. And also There have been several studies of the vocabulary of university textbook (Praniskas 1972, Campion and Alley 1971), the vocabularies can be learned in the following ways.
a. The vocabularies can be learned in list. This is the best done on small cards with the English word on one side and the mother tongue translation on the other. b. Learner can study prefixes root and suffixes which will help them remember of the meaning of the words. c. Learners should do large amount of intensive reading of university or other specialized texts.
The process of teaching, it usually the teacher give some explanation first about the vocabulary. If there are some word nothing that they did not know, the teaching should be increase by make easier of the word or teaching itself. In this matter, the transferring of knowledge concern vocabularies will be happen more and more. It can be begin by make mistake of memorizing the source word to target word. The student will also get experience what words that they memorizing is false. In that case the teaching should be focus and detail in that matter. For the result, here the planning of teaching and learning vocabulary will achieve. First, to enable the students to recognize the vocabulary well. Second, it to make spelling and word building absolutely clear, so that when the students produce them, proved by the teacher, they know how to spell and what kind of vocabulary that they are learning.
2.2.3
Benefit Learn Vocabulary
Vocabulary takes an important aspect in learning English language or it be second language. It not only for English language but all the language need it for communicate each other.
When the speakers say to other but they do not have enough vocabulary or not understand about the meaning of its self, for the result the purpose of their talk do not reach or there is will be misunderstanding and miscommunication.
In other hand, if someone good in vocabulary mastery, they will not doubt to say what will they say and also they will catch up other saying easily. The other benefit of master vocabulary here will explain in some ways.
2.2.3.1 The importance of a vocabulary
a. b. c. d.
An extensive vocabulary aids expressions and communication. Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading comprehension. Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary. A person may be judged by others based on his or her vocabulary.
Based on the importance of vocabulary in English or other language, vocabulary of course has many benefits for learner or user as follows:
2.2.3.1.1
In Depth of Knowledge
The differing degrees of word knowledge imply a greater depth of knowledge, but the process is more complex than that. There are many facets to knowing a word, some of which are not hierarchical so their acquisition does not necessarily follow a linear progression suggested by degree of knowledge. Several frameworks of work knowledge have been proposed to better operational this concept. One such framework includes nine facets:
a. Orthography Written Form b. Phonology Spoken Form c. Reference Meaning d. Semantics Concept And Reference e. Register Appropriate Of Use f. Collocation Lexical Neighbors g. Word Associations h. Syntax Grammatical Function i. Morphology Word Parts
2.2.2.3.2 In Reading A persons reading vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when reading. This is the largest type of vocabulary simply because it includes the other three. 2.2.2.3.3 In Listening
A persons listening vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when listening to speech. This vocabulary is aided in size by context and tone of voice.
2.2.2.3.4
In Writing
A persons writing vocabulary is all the words he or she can employ in writing. Contrary to the previous two vocabulary types, the writing vocabulary is stimulated by its user.
2.2.2.3.5
In Speaking
A persons speaking vocabulary is all the words he or she can use in speech. Due to the spontaneous nature of the speaking vocabulary, words are often misused. This misuse though slight and unintentional may be compensated by facial expressions, tone of voice, or hand gestures.
2.2.2 The Concept of News News is a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just happened or will happen soon. News is a report about recent happenings in a newspaper, television, radio or internet. News is something that is not known earlier. From all these, we can safely define news as a development that has happened in the past 24 hours which was not known outside and which is of wide interest to the people and that which generates curiosity among listeners. One of his editors provided the classic comment, "If a dog bites a man, it's not news. If a man bites a dog, it's news." That is still true today. Definitions of news vary somewhat depending on the time period, but basically, news is:
a. Information about a break from the normal flow of events, an interruption in theexpected. b. Information people need in order to make rational decisions about their lives.To help determine whether your topic/issue will be of media interest, test it with theseseven factors that determine newsworthiness.
Most newsworthy events/ideas are a combination of these guidelines. I'm not saying it's always the best thing for society, but this is what many journalists are taught (Dana, 1869-1897). According to Karl (2003 : 1) News reports stand up as people, and people wither into editorials. Clich?s walk around on two legs while men are having theirs shot off. News is always the unreadable that occurs (Wilde ,2002) Bogart, (1989) has given this comment that became synonymous with news . When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news. Though this may seem true, sometimes, when a dog bites a man that can also become news. Suppose a dog bites a famous film star, it definitely makes big news. It is said that the letters in the word NEWS is derived from the four directions as indicated below: N orth E ast W est S outh This shows that news can come from anywhere. News is the report of a current event, something that was not known, information of recent events and happenings.
2.2.2.1 Types of News We can categorize these into four different slots respectively. a. International news.
e,g Campaign for U.S. presidential elections begins b. National news
e,g The Prime Minister of India to address the nation tonight c. Regional news
e,g The State Government declares a holiday tomorrow. d. Local news.
e,gHouse owner killed by servant. In addition to the above, in any days newspaper, you will find a variety of news items such as reports about politics, about sports, about economy, about entertainment, about crime etc. News can further be classified as hard news and soft news. India and Pakistan to have bilateral talks on the Kashmir issue is hard news. Similarly, the Prime Minister making a statement in parliament about the Indo-US nuclear deal is also hard news. But there are soft news items also. The wedding celebration of a film star is soft news. A popular cricketer visiting an orphanage and taking lunch along with the inmates is another heart-warming soft story.
2.2.2.2 Benefits of News As A Tool - Positive And Negative
News is a powerful tool. These can be positive as well as negative. You might have seen news like this in papers. Two people died in a communal clash in a small town. This is also negative news. This news can further provoke communities in other parts of the country. Negative news creates a negative impact. But if you closely watch the news items in a days newspaper, you will find that there is a mix of positive and negative news. Students of a school visiting a nearby village and offering them voluntary service in road building are positive news. A feature about an NGO devoted to uplift the condition of street children is another positive item.
News can also be an instrument for development. Many a time it carries a message to the people. For e.g. a news item such as Government to give fee concession to all students up to graduation. It is development news. This enhances the chances of education for millions of students who cannot afford it and are thus deprived of higher education.
News is anything that interests a large part of the community and has never been brought to its attention before and it is a media for whole information in human life. It can from everywhere, anywhere, and anytime, it useful for all generation, for young or old people. The source of the news is unlimited. In addition, News is a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just happened or will happen soon. News is a report about recent happenings in a newspaper, television, radio or internet. News is something that is not known earlier. From all these, we can safely define news as a development that has
happened in the past 24 hours which was not known outside and which is of wide interest to the people and that which generates curiosity among listeners.
2.2.3
The Concept of VOA English Program
The Voice of America (VOA), a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. Government, broadcasts accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service for people living in closed and war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia broadcast service. VOA now reaches people on mobile devices and Facebook, through Twitter feeds and call-in programs using the medium that works best for specific audiences. VOAs work in all languages and platforms is governed by the VOA Charter on May 22, 2013 Washington DC 11:59 AM, signed into law by President Gerald Ford in 1976. In Voice of America: A History, Alan L.( 1942) Jr. former deputy director of VOA, chronicles the remarkable transformation of the VOA from a fledgling short wave propaganda organ during World War II to a global multimedia giant encompassing radio, the Internet, and 1,500 affiliated radio and television stations across the globe. The Charter states, in part, that VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive. That is why we feature those words on the VOANews.com banner. The Charter also states that VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and opinions on these policies. VOAs journalists also rely our Journalistic Code,
which lays out the standards for reporting accurate, objective, and comprehensive news. VOA's current director is David Ensor, who began in August 2011. He joined VOA as its 28th director after an extensive career in journalism and communications. There is information about VOA's senior managers in our Key Executives section, and you can check the History section for the names, dates of service, and photographs of all VOAs Directors, beginning with John Houseman in 1942.
On (http://www.goenglish.me/2013) this site, sponsored by Voice of America (VOA), teaches English for speakers of Chinese, Farsi, Indonesian and Russian, lets you hear and record each phrase, and marks you pass or fail. VOA has worked with Dined to create podcasts for intermediate English speakers to practice. VOA broadcasts them regularly. They are purely audio, but not introductory. They have long English introductions, go fast with little time to repeat, and diction is colloquial (N'York, th'United States, h'lo) based on http://dyned.libsyn.com/2012). On http://www.lang1234.info/3/category/voa/1.html state that this site has many videos in English, with captions. You can repeat phrases, slow them down, and get your own pronunciation scored by the computer. When you slow them, the audio is still very clear
2.2.2.1 VOA HISTORY The Voice of America (VOA) is a dynamic international multimedia broadcaster with service in more than 40 languages. Serving an estimated weekly global audience of 141 million, VOA provides news, information, and cultural programming through the Internet, mobile and social media, radio, and television. VOA is funded by the U.S. Government through the Broadcasting Board of Governors. On https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America Voice of America (VOA) is the official external broadcast institution of the United States federal government. It is one of five civilian U.S. international broadcasters working under the umbrella of the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). VOA is one of popular news program in the world, The Voice of America (VOA), a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. Government, broadcasts accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service for people living in closed and war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia broadcast service good and innovation information from all aspect that are reserved for all people. They are, such as : education, innovation, technology, economy, cultural and the others aspect which useful for all people in this universe. Besides that, VOA has many programs that existed in all era, since it started in 1942 until this modern era. Nowadays, it serves the easy service to get information on VOA, using social network like facebook, twitter, mail-list, friendster and for all gadget and
smartphone. Its service reaches the long distance each country on other way its not limited service.
2.3
Thinking Framework
One important thing in teaching vocabulary is that teacher should realize that learning a language always deals with a large number of words. Therefore, teacher needs to know the thing that influence the students in memorizing process. The following one main word categories and their classification that may be worth considering in finding the right material in teaching vocabulary for the first word count. (Burton, 2007:2
Vocabulary is one of important component in each language. It is basic for communication, if someone does not recognize the meaning of the keyword, His/her will be unable to participate in conversation to express some idea or ask for information, a person must be able to produce lexical items to convey her or his meaning. If there are many vocabularies are produced and save in memory of brain, surely theres easier to communicate each other and will give clear meaning or information about the topic is discussed. The researcher think that is need a new media to make instructional better than before. The reearcher assumes that use and applies news from VOA English program as media teaching vocabularies. The students are more attracted and full of spirit to learning it, so using news from VOA English program the student will increase to learn and get vocabularies more.
2.4 Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypothesis should not be confused with a theory. Theories are general explanations based on a large amount of data. To deduce the explanation previously discussed there will be some of hypothesis to describe namely: 1. Ha: There is a significant influence of using news from VOA english program toward students vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMA
Muhammadiyah 1 metro. 2. Ho: There is no a significant influence of using news from VOA english program toward students vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design According to Wallace (2001:12), research is the process of data collection, the setting up of database, and the subsequent analysis of the data researcher has collected forms the core of what. In the research there are many methods are used like an experimental method. According to Sugiyono (2010:72) Experimental design is a study which aims at finding out the influence of particular treatment toward the others in controlled condition. In addition Arikunto (2006:6) an experiment design always intended to get or finding out an influence from a particular treatment. There are some types of experimental method that used such as; pre-experimental, true experimental, factorial experimental and quasi experimental. Based on explanation above, here the researcher decides to choose quasi experimental design with non equivalent control group design. Quasi experimental design is one of experiment method has experiment class and control class, but this control class has not more function to control another variable that influenced the research. Sugiyono (2009:77) state that quasi experimental design is used because in the reality difficult to find out the control in the research. In this research the researcher realizes that there are limited to observe the object which research. Here the researcher use Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This design is almost the same as the pretest-posttest control group design, this design only in
the experimental group and the control group was not chosen randomly (Sugiyono, 2011 : 116). The control group receives treatment over the same period of time, but undergoes exactly the same test. The reason of the researcher to use nonequivalent control group design because the researcher wants to know about the differences between both of technique toward students vocabulary mastery . The type design of this is Nonequivalent Control Group Design as follow : Class EC CC Notes : Pre-Test O1 O3 Treatment X Post-Test O2 O4
EC = The Experinent class CC = The Control class X = Treatment

_
= No Treatment in Control Class
O1 = Observation of Pre test (Before give treatment of News From VOA English Program) O2 = Observation of Post test ( after give treatment of News From VOA English Program) O3 = Observation of Pre test (before give treatment of general Media/method or No Treatment) O4 = Observation of Post test ( after give treatment of general Media/method or No Treatment)
3.2 Research Variables A variable can be defined as an attribute of person, a piece of the text, or an object that varies from person to person, text to text, object to object or from time to time ( Hatch and Latarazon, 1987). In addition Sugiyono (2012: 60) state that variable is anything that shaped anything what established by researchers to be studied in order to obtain information about it, then taken its conclusions. This research consist of two variables: they are dependent variables and independent variables . Dependent variables is the variable that the researcher observes and measures to determine the effect of independent variable. Independent variable is the variable which is selected, manipulated and measured by the researcher. There are two variables on this research as follow: (x) As the independent variable it is News from VOA English program as media (y) As the dependent variable it is the students vocabulary mastery.
3.2.1 The Conceptual Definition of Variables In this part, the researcher will give the conceptual definition the variables. It come from the News from VOA English program as variables X and the vocabulary as variables Y. The detail explanation each variables as follows:
3.2.1.1The Conceptual Definition of News News is anything that interests a large part of the community and has never been brought to its attention before and it is a media for whole information in human life. It can from everywhere, anywhere, and anytime, it useful for all generation, for young or old people. The source of the news is unlimited. In addition, News is a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just happened or will happen soon. News is a report about recent happenings in a newspaper, television, radio or internet. News is something that is not known earlier. From all these, we can safely define news as a development that has happened in the past 24 hours which was not known outside and which is of wide interest to the people and that which generates curiosity among listeners.
3.2.1.2 The Conceptual Definition of VOA English Program VOA is one of popular news program in the world, The Voice of America (VOA), a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. Government, broadcasts accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service for people living in closed and war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia broadcast service good and innovation information from all aspect that are reserved for all people. They are, such as : education, innovation, technology, economy, cultural and the others aspect which useful for all people in this universe. Besides that, VOA has many programs that existed in all era, since it started in 1942 until this modern era. Nowadays, it serves the easy service to get information on VOA, using social network like facebook, twitter, mail-list, friendster and for all gadget and
Smartphone. Its service reaches the long distance each country on other way its not limited service.
3.2.1.3 The Conceptual Definition Of Vocabulary Vocabulary is one of important component in each language. It is basic for communication, if someone does not recognize the meaning of the keyword, His/her will be unable to participate in conversation to express some idea or ask for information, and a person must be able to produce lexical items to convey her or his meaning. If there are many vocabularies are produced and save in memory of brain, surely theres easier to communicate each other and will give clear meaning or information about the topic is discussed.
3.2.2
The Operational Definition Of Variable
In the operational definition of variables. It comes from the News from VOA English program as variables X and the vocabulary as variables Y. The detail explanation each variable as follows:
3.2.2.1 The Operational Definition Of News The operational definition of news is begin from the meaning of the news itself. Here the news function is to inform the reader or listener that watch, read or listen the news from variety medias like Newspaper, Video or TV and also from Radio. The researcher focused the news for students only, and the news is used is news from VOA english program. The reason of the researcher use news from VOA
english programe because it is the good sources media that can use for learning vocabularies. So It contains the new vocabularies for them. 3.2.2.2 The Operational Definition Of VOA English Program Most of The program of the news on many TV station, Radio station or other media is unknown by the people especially for the students in indonesia. Here the researcher decide that the most news program that well-known in the world is VOA, so the researcher thinks that it is the best one to recognize to the students. There are many topic is informed to the listener or onlooker. Surely in the contaion of news, the students can get much new vocabularies easily. The way to make the students get the point of the news especially the vocabularies, it is started by play video news from VOA english program or watch it onair using TV then they are given the script of the news. After that the students mark the new one the vocabularies are gooten by them.
3.2.2.3 The Operational Definition Of Vocabulary The researcher in this session started by showing or playing the video of the news from VOA without the script. Then the students are instructed how to find the new vocabularies in it. In this part, the students should find out the new vocabularies based on the news and give the meaning. After the they have done to find it, the researher check it out by using their classmate. It means that the paper exchange each other. For the result the teacher announce the answer key and every classmate should be objective to give score to their friend. It is hoped from that exercise they can increasing the mastery of vocabulary.
3.3 Research Population and Sample 3.3.1 Research Population The first step in selecting sample is to determine the population. A population is a whole of sample in research cited in Arikunto (2006:130). According to Sugiyono (2009:80) states that population is a region consisting of generalization: the object / subject that has certain qualities and characteristics are determined by the investigator to be learned and then retracted conclusions. Based on the statement above, population is a total value from calculate on measure of the group of interest to be researched by the researcher. The objects in a population are investigated, analyzed, concluded in such away and then the conclusion made is valid to the whole population. In this research the population is the eleventh grade of senior high school of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro and there are four classes. They are : XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI IPS 1and XI IPS 2. Table 3.1 the amount of students at four classes in eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year 2011/2012. No 1 2 3 4 Class IPA 1 IPA 2 IPS 1 IPS 2 Students 20 20
TOTAL Source: English Teacher in SMA Muhammadiyah 1Metro From Data Above, The Population of This research is 90 students, Consist 4 classes they are IPA 1, IPA 2, IPS 1 and IPS 2 at eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
3.3.2 Research Sample
A sample is a part of a population that is selected for observation. Arikunto (2006:130) state that sample is a part of population that has all main characteristic from population. A good sample is one that representative of the population from which it selected. Selection of sample is very important step in conducting a research study. So, the sample is a part of pupolation whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole population. In this research the sample is the students at eleventh grade of XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro academic year 2013/2014.
3.3.3 Sampling Technique a good sample is one that representative of the population from which it was selected ( Gay 1990: 103) . Sample is part of whole and characteristic from population itself (Sugiyono 2012:118). In this research the researcher will take of two classes in the eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro as the sample. The researcher uses cluster sampling technique. This technique have done by consideration that the characteristic of population consist of groups and each group in population is homogeny that is consisting the students in same semester with get learning process in same environment. It use if population or sample that
Provided is cluster units in population. Experimental research about the influence of learning technique commonly using groups of research sample that have provided and groups of research sample have taken as being stratified (stratum). Bellow the steps done by the researcher: a) The first step, chooses two class from four classes of eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro those are XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI Ips 2 and XI IPS 2. b) The second step that two classes divided into one class as experiment class and one class as control class. The class that has chosen as experiment class is XI IPA 2 class and the class that has chosen as control class is XI IPA 1.
Table 3.2 specification of sampling No 1 2 Total Class XI IPA 1 XI IPA 2 Criteria Of Class Control Class Experiment Class Total Of Student 20 20 40
Based on the table above the final sampling of this research is Class XI IPA as Control Class and XI IPA 2 as experiment class.
3.4
Research Instrument
In this research, the researcher used a test method as the instrument. Test is a set of questions or other practices or devices used to measure the skill, intelligence, ability and talent of an individual or a group. Here the test to measure of students vocabulary mastery before and after the treatment.
3.4.1
Test
Test is the most appropriate instrument for collecting data in this research. Here the researcher use test to measure how far the differ of study vocabulary through News video from VOA English program before and after the test to the both of the class (experimental and control class). The test is multiple choice there are consist 20 items, each items consist of four options (a,b,c and d). The time allocation is 45 minutes. This test The researcher use the written test. So the instrument of this research is the list of questions which should be answered by students. This instrument is used for pretest and posttest is given to know how far the vocabulary achievement of the students. It has been done implemented the treatment. Then the reseracher would find out whether is an improve the result between the pretest and posttest. The test (pretest and posttest) consisit of 20 multiple choice questions with four options (a,b,c and d), and the scoring pretest and posttes are same.
Table 3.4 Table of specification of instrument vocabulary mastery Subject Class : News Item text : XI IPA 1
Standard competence :Listening 2. Understanding meaning in short functioanal text and simple monoloque text in recount, narrative and news item text.
Item No Base Competence Indicator Identifying meaning of the news based on the video and text. fluently, and acceptablein daily live context in recount, narrative and news item text. Responding meaningof the news based on the video and text. Aspect Kind of test 1 Responding the meaning in short monologue text by using spoken language accurately, Listening and reading Written test 1-20 Item
3.5
Validity and Reliability
3.5.1 Validity A test is said to be valid if it measures what it is supposed to be measured (Allen &Yen, 1979: 95) in addition Sugiyono (2010:128) states that A measurement can be said has validity, when the content of the measurement is eligible to measure an object which should be measured and suitable with the fixed criteria. Validity means an accuracy of a measurement in measuring data.
In this research, there are two kinds of validity, namely content validity and construct validity (Sugiyono, 2011 :177).
According to Gay (1990,129) that there are several different types of validity: content, construct, concurrent and predictive. Content validity is the degree to which a test measures an intended content area. Construct validity is the degree to which a test measures an intended hypothical construct. Concurrent validity is degree to which the scores and a test are related to the score on another, already established, test administered at the same time, or to some other valid criterion available at the same time. Predictive validity is the degree to which a test can predict how well on individual will do in a future situation.
Based on the statement above, the test should really be suitable for the object that interested to be measured. In this case, the researcher used content validity to know whether the test is valid or not. As Gay (1990,129) states that is the degree to which a test measures an intended content area. Content validity was determined by expert validition. Usually the experts area covered by the test is asked to assess its content validity. These experts carefully review the process used in developing concerning how well items represent the intended content area. This judgment was based on whether all sub areas have been included, and in the correct proportions. To know the validity of the test the researcher face to the English teacher in using media on students vocabulary mastery and the teacher agreeing for the instrument. The instrument get validation from the expert vocabular lectures of university of muhamadiyah Metro, namely Mr. Edi Santoso. S.Pd,. M.Pd and Mrs. Eva Faliyanti, S.Pd,.M.Pd.BI
3.5.2 Reliability Reliability is measure of accuracy, consistency, dependability, or fairness of scores resulting from administration of particular examination. To ensure the reliability of the scores and to avoid the subjectivity of the writer, the research used split-half method. That is odd and even technique. Odd and even technique is divided the items into two parts. To have the reliability of the test, this research will be used rank order correlation. The formula is:
Note: rxy : Correlation between x and y : Total x time y X2 Y2 : Deviasi x : Deviasi y (Arikunto2011: 70)
3.6 Data Collecting Technique In collecting the data the researcher used test, there the test is conducted two times, they were pretest and posttest. Both of experimet and control were tested in the same day. To keep away from the low internal validity and go gain result that is more objective, the scoring of the pretest and posttest were done by all the students that separated with others students about one meter per chairs. They
watch the News Video from VOA english program and crosscheck the multiple choice based on the questions are given.
3.6.1
Pretest
This step was done before presenting the know how far students vocabulary mastery firstly. They were 20 item vocabulary of questions with four multiple choice a, b, c and d which were tested to both experimental and control group. Every word gave score from zero point to five points based on the criteria of system scoring below. So, if the students do the whole test correctly, they would get 100 points before doing the test. The researcher explained the direction before he test held to the students and also asked the teacher to be supervisor. The duty of supervisor is to observe the process of the pretest to keep the conduciveness of the class atmosphere during the pretest.
3.6.2
Treatment
In the research showed that when teachers introduced films, relating them to learning objectives, the amount of information students gained from films increased (Wittich & Fowlkes, 1946). After the first step has been done, the next step is treatment. The function of treatment is giving the students some information about everything is needed, in this research focused on vocabulary mastery. So, the students learn how to get and memorize the new vocabularies by using media. The treatment of the research is given to the experimental group by using Video from VOA English program as
media. After the students have watched the video, the researcher hope that there are many vocabularies is got by them based on what they watched. The teaching of using Video from VOA English program as media starts by explaining the material concern to it. Here The material is News Item text. After expalining the material and students get the point of it clearly. Then the next step is show the news on screen and they should pay attention and take a note or memorize in their mind the new vocabularies based on the video fully.
3.6.3
Post-test
This step was done before presenting to know how far students vocabulary mastery firstly. They were 20 item vocabulary of questions with four multiple choice a, b, c and d which were tested to both experimental and control group. Every word gave score from zero point to five points based on the criteria of system scoring below. So, if the students do the whole test correctly, they would get 100 points before doing the test. The researcher explained the direction before he test held to the students and also asked the teacher to be supervisor. The duty of supervisor is to observe the process of the posttest to keep the conduciveness of the class atmosphere during the posttest.
3.7
Data Analysis Technique
Data analysis is the process of organizing the data in order to gain regularly of the pattern and form the research. The term interpretation can be defined as a procedure of giving meaning in the result of the analytic process. While data interpretation is process giving the meaning to the founded pattern and regularities
(Setiyadi, 2006:255). After testing the students and scoring due to the scoring system Zero (0) mark for the lowest score and Five (5) mark for hihghest score, Then the reseracher combines the two scores from two raters to gain the final score. The data by using normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. The procedures to treat the data are: 3.7.1 Normality Test The purpose of normality test is to know distribution of data following distribution normal or no. Some statistics technique especially parametric statistic said that the data must follow the normal distribution. Ha Ho : L-ratio is lower than L-table (the distribution of the data is normal) : L-ratio is higher than L-table (the distribution of the data is not normal)
3.7.2 Homogeneity Test Homogeneity test is a measurement used to determine kind of data (Basrowi: 2007). This kind of test is intended to test whether the variance of the data in the Experiment class and in Control class is equal or not.
Note: S2 S1 : The larger variance : The Smaller Variance
The criteria are:
Ha Ho
: F-ratio is lower than F-table (the distribution of the data is homogenous) : F-ratio is higher than F-table (the distribution of the data is not homogenous)
3.7.3 Hypothesis Test Hypothesis test is calculated using two ways anova. The formula of hypothesis test: The t-test formula is as follow: t-test :
Note X1 X2 S N1 N2
: : Mean score of the experimental class : Mean score of the control class : Variant : Number students in experimental class : Number of students in control class
The criteria are: Ha = Ha is accepted if T_ ratio is equal or higher than t_ table. (The hypothesis proposed is proved) Ho = Ho is accepted if t_ ratio is smaller than t_ table. (The hypothesis proposed is not proved). (Usman, 1995: 142)
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Baihaqi, Y. (2010). The Influence Of Vocabulary Mastery Toward English Speaking Ability Of The Fourth Semester Students Of English Education Program Muhammadiyah University Of Metro 2009-2010 Academic Year, Metro, University Of Metro. Basrowi, H.M. (2011). Analisis data penelitian dengan SPSS. Surabaya : Jenggala Pustaka Utama. Campion M.E. and Alley, W.B. (1971). An Academic Vocabulary List, NZCER, Wellington. Harmer, J. (2004). How To Teach English. New York : Longman Heinich R, Molenda M, Russel James D, Smaldino Sharon E (1982). Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning: Ninth Edition. Publishing by John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hidayati,E. (2011). The Influence Of Using Song Toward The Students Vocabulary Mastery At The Fifth Grade Of SDN 2 Toto Mulyo eastlampung Academic Year 2010/2011.Metro, University Of Metro. Hornby, AS. (1995). Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary Of Current English 5th Ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Saripudin was born in Tugu Ratu Bandar Negri Suoh, West Lampung on august 16, 1992. He is the Fourth child of 6 children. He was raised by her lovely parents; Mr. Narman as a farmer and Mrs. Siti Saadah As Housewife. He graduated from elementary school of MI Nurul Ulum In Srimulyo in and finished in 2004, junior high school of SMP Nusantara In Srimulyo and finished in 2007, Senior High School of SMA N 1 Suoh, in Bandar Setia and finished in 2010, and then in 2010 he continued his study in Muhammadiyah University of Metro and there he takes English Education Study Program until now. Since 2010 He has been a member of KSR UMM and ASES UMM. His personal interest covers are: music, Design, Writing and news reporter.

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THE INFLUENCE OF USING NEWS FROM VOA ENGLISH PROGRAM TOWARD STUDENTS VOCABUARY MASTERY AT ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA

MUHAMMADIYAH N I METRO ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014

(An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal)

By SARIPUDIN SRN 10341140

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Score 81-100 61-80 60

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

2.2.1. The Concept of Vocabulary

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

The auxiliary verbs of English are the following:

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E.g.: The results were announced yesterday.

E.g.:They will meet you there.

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

E.g.: He quietly slipped away.

E.g.: He likes to watch TV every day.

E.g.: She almost finished the work.

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

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2.2.2 The Concept Of Teaching And Learning Of Vocabulary

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Benefit Learn Vocabulary

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2.2.3.1 The importance of a vocabulary

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

e,g Campaign for U.S. presidential elections begins b. National news

e,g The State Government declares a holiday tomorrow. d. Local news.

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2.2.2.2 Benefits of News As A Tool - Positive And Negative

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The Concept of VOA English Program

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Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Copyright 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

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EC = The Experinent class CC = The Control class X = Treatment

= No Treatment in Control Class

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