Alternative Energy Resources Or Need for alternative energy sources in India

Energy is power. We need power for transport, communication networks, factories and cooking. We have been getting energy from conventional sources like Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Electricity. Energy from conventional sources, is becoming expensive because it is not available locally.Natural sources like Wind, Sun, Geothermal, Ocean, Biogas, Biomass can form good substitutes. They are not expensive and they dont pollute the environment. They are renewable. Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewal energy. The sun gives 1000 times more energy than what we need. Electricity can be produced from the solar energy by photovoltaic solar cells. Thus solar power proves to be the optimum, reliable and economically viable source of energy which ensures pollution-free, green power generation. Wind energy is one of the low-investment and high yield groups of power generation for India. We use wind mills and wind pumps to get power from windThe gobar gas plant generally used animal dung as fuel to produce biogas. Biogas contains 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. It can also use human excrete, poultry droppings, organic wastes etcBiogas is useful for home cooking and running diesel engines. Pedal power can be a permanent source of energy. We can use our feet to drive a simple machine like treadle or bicycle. It can be used to power a variety of agriculture equipment, water pumps, grinder and electric generators. In recent times, hydrogen is the energy source that is drawing considerable attention. It has two advantages. It is non-polluting and it is available in large amounts on our planet. It is high calorific value which is thrice as much power as petrol and the highest among all the fuels. Conclusion Research is undertaken by The Energy and Research Institute, New Delhi to convert vegetable oils into bio-diesel. By 2030, it is estimated to meet 40 percent of the countrys diesel requirements by producing this green diesel-bio-diesel. Thus efforts are being made throughout the globe to find substitutes for the depleting conventional sources of energy.

The Environmental Pollution Or Need to Preserve Environment

Introduction 1

Take care of the earth and she will take care of you The environmental pollution is one of the serious problems of the world. Pollution means dirt. Today our life on this earth is in danger due to air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and global pollution. Air pollution Pure air is a gift of divine Air is polluted due to smoke sent out by the industries and vehicles. They contain carbon monoxide that poisons the air we breathe. As a result, we may suffer from various deadly diseases like lung cancer, asthma, nervous diseases, high blood pressure, cough and chest pain etc. Water Pollution Water is an elixir of life Water pollution is another serious thing. The filthy water discharged by big industrious is poisonous. Such filthy water is let into the nearby river. Thus the river water gets polluted. The result is that human beings, animals and crops are affected. Noise pollution Noise pollution is caused by the increasing transports. The sounds of vehicular horns, loud speakers, tape-recorders, etc. usually cause headache to the people. The excessive noise affects ones health. It will affect the nervous system which sometimes leads to madness. Chemical pollution Chemical pollution has resulted in greenhouse effect. And this pollution has also been responsible for ozone depletion. Industrial pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane have made thin the once-thick ozone layer. The thinner layer becomes the greater, the negative effects on ultraviolet radiation sun burn, snow blindness, eye damage, skin cancer and slowing down plant growth. The greenhouse effect Man maketh a death which Nature never made The greenhouse effect is the problem of the gradual rise in temperature in the Earths atmosphere because suns heat is absorbed and cannot leave the atmosphere. Deforestation is also in a way a cause for environmental pollution. In temperate zones, summers will be drier; the tropics would become wetter and the subtropics drier. Sea level will rise one to two centimeters a year and flood low lying areas. Agriculture will be affected, Grasslands and deserts will expand and forested areas will shrink Steps to be followed: When we heal the earth, we heal ourselves 1. The first step in the battle against pollution is creating awareness about its harmful effects on the population. 2. It can be rectified by taking care of polluting industries, a new body with power for checking and enforcing pollution norms should be constituted. 2

3. Adulteration of petrol and diesel which is being carried on in all the cities should be dealt with strictly and swiftly. 4. We should avoid deforestation to prevent soil erosion. 5. Create awareness among the public to maintain a clean and healthy environment.
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Conclusion God never made his work for man to mend If the above pollution control measures are followed strictly then we are confident that very soon the people in the cities will be able to breathe clean air again.

Merits and demerits of science Or Technology advantages and disadvantages

Introduction Science and technology has succeeded a lot and new inventions and discoveries have been done globalization has been experienced through technology. We are living in the age of science. Technology and standard of living: Men have become the tools of their tools Technology improves standard of living. There has been improvement in food production, health care, housing, education, transport and communication. Our life has become smoother and more comfortable. Science has eradicated most of our superstitious beliefs. Cars, aeroplanes, trains and ships remain good means of transportation. Telephone, cellphone and internet serve as good means of communication. Electricity has changed our lives. Farmers of today follow scientific methods in cultivation. They use machinery for ploughing, sowing and harvesting. They use potential seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers. We have seen green revolution in agriculture. The computer is an electronic marvel of science. Its services to man are immeasurable. Technology Hazards God never made his work for man to mend Technology is imported and so very expensive. It widens the gap between the rich and the poor. Use of technology has resulted in the pollution of environment. Man has produced disastrous war weapons and atom bombs. We have already known the tragedy of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. India is a good example. It has made a lot of progress in transport, communication, power generation, steel, oil, food production and chemicals and fertilizers. But all of us are aware of the problems that the industrial slums of all Indian cities. Another classic example is the, Bhopal tragedy that was caused by the toxic gas escaping from the Union Carbide plant. 3

Conclusion Modern Technology owes ecology Modern technology has become part and parcel of our daily lives. But it is our duty to develop indigenous technology and utilize the vast labour force available.

India in 2020 Or Our vision of India in 2020 Introduction Every citizen of India is dreaming to see India as a developed country by 2020. India is a developing country. It has made rapid progress in all the spheres after its independence, viz., agriculture, industrialization, urbanization, etc. Development through Education The first and foremost development will be in literacy. By 2020, every citizen of India will be able to read, write and understand at least one language. They should be able to earn their own livelihood without begging on the street. There will be no caste prejudices and no communalism. Every citizen of India, irrespective of caste, creed, colour, race, sex and religion will enjoy the basic necessities of food, clothing and shelter. Development through Village: In every village there will be electricity, good roads, hospitals and schools. Education in villages can solve the population explosion. Every citizen of India will enjoy basic amenities like free universal Education, health and medicare. India will be a well-developed network of roads and railways. Every village is linked with city by roads. Every village would be self dependent. The gap between the rich and the poor will be reduced to some extent. Agriculture is the backbone of the country's economic growth. Approximately 76% of the population lives in villages and depends on age. It is hoped that the poverty line in India would disappear and the farmers would be prosperous. Development through Technology: Our space technology and nuclear science will be used for the benefit of all mankind. India will become of the seven most industrialized countries of the world and permanent member of UN security. It will become a global economy and will be a major player in trade, technology and investment. In addition the rich cultural heritage and years of history of civilization will make India emerge as a super power by 2020. Conclusion: 4

By 2020, the people of India will be more numerous, better educated, healthier and more prosperous than at any time in our long hi story.

Internet Revolution Or The role of Internet

Introduction The Internet is a network of networks Internet is one of the best inventions of science. The internet is computer based global information system. It is composed of many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link thousands of computers enabling them to share information. It is one of the biggest contributors in making the world into a global village. Sharing of Information The internet has developed to give many benefits to mankind. Student can now have access to libraries around the world. Students had to spend hours and hours in the libraries but now at the touch of button students have a huge database in front of them. Music, dance, cinema from all parts of the world is displayed in the internet. Young students enjoy their time by chatting to some people of the other nations. E-mail (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. E-mail is being used for leisure and friendship. The world of Internet The world is shrinking, thanks to internet revolution. India is likely to get the maximum benefit as our programmers, engineering and management professionals, and entrepreneurs. The internet has brought new opportunities to government, business and education. Movies and songs are available for free on the internet which has affected the sale levels of artists. People make their own cds and sell them. Many people are making calls through the internet. Most of the newspapers and magazines have their own websites. Search engines (Google, Yahoo) provide information about business, yellow pages and other activities around the world. Threat of Internet The internet can become a threat to man. It can endanger his survival and privacy. It also offers excellent encouragement for criminal activities. Even money in bank is no longer safe from theft or manipulation; anyone can add or change monetary transactions. There is also a certain loss of privacy because now most people store all their information on the computer and when you connect online, anybody can hack ones computer and get into it. Sending a virus on the Web has also been another way that peoples computers have been infected. Most of the internet users have complained about faulty lines, lack of connectivity and delay in downloading of the information while surfing on internet. 5

Conclusion Use of internet has grown tremendously since it was introduced. It is mostly because of its flexibility. On the whole, internet has become a part and parcel of human life. Nowadays one can access the internet easily. India has always welcome new technologies. We need internet service more than any other nation of the world.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES Energy sources like coal, gas, petrol, and diesel have a limited supply. These are called non-renewable sources. Energy sources like wind, sunlight, water, and biomass will never run out. They are the important sources of energy for the future. These are called renewable energy sources. Solar energy is produced from the suns light. Every day the sun provides energy to meet the earths needs for 27 years. The sun produces energy in the form of light. The light frees electrons in the solar cell. The electrons flow though wires in an electrical circuit to make electricity. Photovoltaic cells or solar cells are made of semiconductor materials similar to computer chips. To make more power, many solar cells are connected together in a solar panel. Photovoltaic (PV) technology converts light energy into direct current (DC) electricity, while having little impact on the environment. PV power is considered a form of renewable energy. It does not make noise. It prevents pollution. PV can be used in a wide range of products from small consumer items such as calculators and wristwatches to more complicated systems that provide power for satellites in the space. Wind energy is the worlds fastest growing energy technology. It is produced from moving air. When the wind blows, it is captured by large, free-standing wind turbines that are up to 400 feet high. The turbine blades, which are connected to the generator inside the nacelle, move fast. The generator produces electricity. Longer blades and speedier winds produce more electricity. Wind turbines are grouped on wind farms to make even more clean energy. The US has more than 6300 megawatts of wind-electricity which can power approximately 2.2 million homes. People have used falling water as an energy source since the time of the Roman Empire. The water falls. The turbines inside the power plant spin. The electricity is produced by generators at a power plant. The generator is about the size of a school bus. It has two main components: a magnet and copper wire. Hydroelectric energy is produced from falling water. It is the oldest and largest energy in the United States. It makes about 83 megawatts of electricity for approximately 31,500 homes. Higher waterfalls and faster water flows produce more electricity. Flood control, crop production, recreational activities like boating and fishing can be done at the same time. Biomass comes from plants. Biomass energy is produced using plants and waste such as trees, garbage, agricultural waste (manure), crops, wood, or paper. The United States produces 9733 megawatts of electricity from biomass including landfill gas. 1200 homes can be powered for one year with 1 million tons of garbage. The procedure for producing biomass is simple. Plants grow. Animals eat the plants along with corn, hay, and soy and make waste (manure). The manure is baked at 100 degree F for 3 weeks. Bacteria are mixed, and the manure is kept inside a digester oven. The digester breaks it down and makes methane gas. Methane is burned in an engine to make electricity in the generator. 6