Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S A Karunaratne 29-01-2013
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (IIX) (IX) (X)
Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes Title Panel, Scales, Line Thickness & Abbreviations Layouts, Axes & Grid Lines & G A Drawings Levels & Dimensions Slabs & Beams
What is presented ?
Footings, Piles & Pile Caps Bar Bending Schedules (XI) What should be done & what should not be done
Paper - A Series A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 841 594 420 297 210 148 105 74 52 37 26 x x x x x x x x x x x 1189 841 594 420 297 210 148 105 74 52 37
Paper - B Series B0 1000 x B1 707 x B2 500 x B3 353 x B4 250 x B5 176 x B6 125 x B7 88 x B8 62 x B9 44 x B10 31 x 1414 1000 707 500 353 250 176 125 88 62 44
Envelopes - C Series C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 917 648 458 324 229 162 114 81 57 40 28 x x x x x x x x x x x 1297 917 648 458 324 229 162 114 81 57 40
Sizes of Paper A & B & Envelopes C are defined by halving preceding size
3 A1 A0 A2
Size A Paper fits to same size Envelope e.g., A4 to C4 Size B Paper fits to one number lower size Envelope e.g., B4 to C3
Notes
MA2-4 MA0-1
Revisions
Title Panel
75 - 200
M L = 20mm minimum
105
MA2-4 MA0-1
Recommended scales
GA 1 : 100 Wall & Slab details Beam & Column sections 1 : 50 1 : 20 Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50
24-06-2008 Date
Revision Description
(ii) Exposure moderate - C40 30mm Cover to R/F (iii) 1 hour fire resistance 20mm
30mm
Nominal cover
mm mm mm mm
Mild Moderate Severe Very severe Extreme Max. w/c ratio Min. cement (kg/m3) Lowest concrete grade
20 25 30 40 60
0.50 350 C45
20 20 25 30 50
0.45 400 C50
Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm Table is for normal-weight aggregate of 20mm nominal max. size
Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm Additional measures are required to reduce spalling Cover to main R/F given in Tables 4.2 & 4.3 is considered.
A List of Abbreviations
ABR Bw Bwk = Alternate Bar Reversed = Both ways = Brick work = Centre Line = drawing = Front face = Full size = Horizontal = Near face = pocket = Random rubble masonry = Top Blk B Crs = block work = Bottom = Centres
dia or = Diameter EF EL FFL H R NTS RC SFL vert = Each face = Existing level = Finished floor level = High tensile steel = Mild steel / Round bars = Not to scale = Reinforced concrete = Structural floor level = vertical
R/F drgs
: show large openings; upto 150 x 150 mm & 150 holes need not be shown; but refer to drgs
1
7000
E
6000
A
6000
B
6000
C
6000
D
6000
D Road
6000
B
6000
Access
6000
7000
Plan - Detail
Main Road
LAYOUT PLAN
DETAIL PLAN
ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS
Key Plan
B11
B21
Axes commence at LLC and up. Omit I and O Grids commence at LUC and right Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of A & 1, A & 2 etc Beam reference is panel LLC column identification & a suffix say A11, A12 etc
1 C C C
C12
2 C
3 C
B12
A11
A12
LLC
A21
1
2000 2000 6000
2
6000 C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM 750 x 450 BM S2
3
6000 C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM 750 x 450 BM S5
4
6000 C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM 750 x 450 BM S7
5
6000 C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM 750 x 450 BM S1
6
2000 C1 1500 x 600 750x450BM C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM C2 1500 x 600 750x450BM C1 1500 x 600
6000
C
6000
750 x 450 BM S3
C3 1500 x 600 750x450BM 750x450BM 750x450BM 750 x 450 BM S2 500 x 450 BM S5 750 x 450 BM S7
B
6000
750 x 450 BM S1
750 x 450 BM
Notes: 1 All slabs 200 thick unless otherwise noted 2 For reinforcement details refer to Drg D/2005005/25, 36 & 40
C25/ 30
Concrete C40/50
C35/45
C32/40
C25/30
C20/25
Building Structures are Designed from top (roof) to bottom (foundations) Building Structures are usually constructed from foundations to roof
Therefore typical details should be referred from bottom (foundation level) to top (roof level) and not from top to bottom to avoid confusion at construction stage.
Levels
in metres
Dimensioning recommendations
Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid writing mm and dimension to whole mm) Place dimensions above and not through dimension lines or not inside details. Place to view from bottom or RHS of drg.
SLABS 1
BAR CURTAILMENT
SIMPLE RULES
SLABS 2
BAR ANCHORAGE
2000 2000
6000
5T1610@100T at corners of slab in addit ion t o 1201
6000
6000
39 T 1201 @ 150 T
E
6000
F
2000
6000
28T1202@ 200 B
28T1202 @ 200B
39 T
1204
28 T1202@ 200B
6000
@ 150 B
S1
39 T1203 @150T
S2
S5
S7
S1
2
28T 1202 @ 200 B 28T1202 @ 39 T1206 @150B 39 T1203@ 150T
6000
S3
S4
200B
S6
S7
3
39 T1203@ 150T
6000
S1
S2
S5
S7
S1
2000
2000 200
12 0 1
N o t e: A l l D S sho wn i n sect io n ar e T 10 @ 3 0 0
2000
1500
1500 200
12 0 8
1500
1500
2000
2000
12 0 1
1204
1204
Section A - A
200
12 0 6
12 0 8
12 0 6
Reinforcemet details
1 H G F E
Open courtyard
D C B A
From experience recommend continuous nominal top R/F in: (1) All coloured panels preferably in open courtyard situations (2) All the slab panels in a roof to avoid shrinkage cracks
45
TRIMMING OF HOLES 2
(g) If hole side (500 - 1000) treat as in (f) but trim with similar bars at top. If element depth is >= 250 furnish diagonal bars top and bottom. 45 min
(h) In group of holes within 500 or less treat as single hole and trim as in (f); but bars should pass alongside where possible. (i) In group of holes within 500 and 1000 treat as single hole and trim as in (f) and (g).
Cutting element bars passing through hole and furnishing a stirrup as a trimmer is totally wrong
Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed, or pre-moulded joints to allow for shrinkage of large concrete areas. Control joints create a weakened section that induce cracking to occur along the joint, rather than in a random fashion.
Isolation joints provide a separation between a slab on grade and columns or walls, so that each can move independently.
Expansion Joints 2
In a 100mm thick concrete walkway, what is the typical spacing for 6m on center expansion joints? accommodates movement due to both expansion and contraction
EXPANSION JOINTS 3
BEAMS 1
BAR CURTAILMENTS SIMPLE RULES 1
BEAMS 2
BEAMS 3
ANCHORAGE & LAP LENGTHS
50 11R6-08-150 VARIES 25 25
50 23R10-05-250 27R10-05-250
11R6-08-150 VARIES
23R10-05-250
27R10-05-250
Bar curtailment not shown completely Sometimes stirrup arrangement not shown
b =500
>1000 for EC2
b = 500
sb
ab <= 160
450
side bar =
sb x b / fy
Even in EC2
185
TIE ALL COMPRESSION BARS TIE TENSION BARS WHEN GAP >150
DETAILS OF COLUMNS 1
ACI 318-02 in new Appendix A recommends hooking bars towards the center of the column to develop full flexural strength of the column.
tension lap
tension lap
t>= 300; 4 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars Horizontal bar outside easy to fix t>= 300; 4 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars Horizontal bar inside difficult to fix
WALL REINFORCEMENT
For shrinkage effects (a) Min. R/F both vertical & horizontal 1 face or
each face
(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face) (ii) Max. Asc = 4% (iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical bar size
DETAILS OF WALLS
500T16-01-250 NF 12T10-04-200 NF
500T16-01-250 NF
DETAILS OF STAIRCASES
Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Large bend required on plan Two column links close to corbel top
Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Large bend required as in elevation Two column links close to corbel top
Compression anchorage
Compression anchorage
CORBELS
Tension anchorage length Tension anchor if "U" bars used Closed links or "U" bars be used Tie to at least two main longitudinal reinforcement Lacer bar same as horizontal "U" bars Horizontal "U" bars. <= 16
t >= 140
NIBS
PAD FOOTING 1
Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings (1) Show the pile centers wrt grid lines (2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries (3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels (4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement (5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles (6) Pile cap dimensions (7) Indicate column or wall starters (8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles (9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200 (10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile length (11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular (12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrinkage cracks
+0.70 +0.20
VARIES 500 PILE
PILE CUT OFF LEVE (m) -1.250 -1.250 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 1200 1000 900 24 31 15 800 28 600 08
2500
F
3800
7500
6000
8623kN P13
1516
8910kN P16
P10
E
1/1200 6000
P11 1350 1350 P12 4200kN 1200 1200 PG9 3/900 P23 P22
PILE PILE PILE GROUP NO NO (mm) S P1 800 S P2 800 P11 900 PG9 P12 900 P13 900 P14 900 PG9 P15 900 P16 900
823
6000
PG1 2/800
75
TOTAL 106
PILES
LAYOUT
7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 B1
SEVEN NUMBERS HIGH TENSILE SIXTEEN MM DIAMETER BAR MARK ZERO FIVE VARYING LENGTH a TO h AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT BOTTOM OUTER LAYER
STEMS
No of bars in each
Bar mark
Member
Beam T 01 B1 20 T 02 20 T 03 12 T 04 10 T 05 10 R 06 6 T 10
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 8 3 20 20 10
Straight
B mm
24-06-08 SAK
What should and should not be done by Junior Structural Design Engineers (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural drawings Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the GA Drawings Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening sizes ect. Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth between beam soffit & ceilings (6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs with simple manual calculations (7) Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to draughting (8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature in drawings What should and should not be done by draughtspersons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Study and understand the Architectural drawings Check whether the sketches are signed by senior engineers Study the sketches and if doubtful check with the designer Do not blindly copy (cut and paste) from other details without understanding If schedules are not given elevate all beams in one direction in some order without mixing up in other direction beams (6) Give cross reference to typical details of lower levels not from top levels (7) Indicate overall dimensions in plans & sectional elevation of buildings
Thank you