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Abbreviations
acetal (see POM) A ampere AA acrylic acid AAE American Assoc. of Engineers AAES American Assoc. of Engineering Societies AAR American Association of Railroads ABC acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene ABR polyacrylate ABS acrylontrile- butadiene-styrene AC alternating current AC cellulose acetate ACES Accurate Clear Epoxy Solid ACS American Chemical Society ACTC Advanced Composite Technology Consortium ad adhesive ADC allyl diglycol carbonate (also see CA-B9) AEC Atomic Energy Commission AFCMA Aluminum Foil Container Manufacturer's Assoc. AFMA American Furniture Manufacturer's Assoc. AFML Air Force Material Laboratory AFPA American Forest & Paper
ASSOC.
AIA Automated Imaging Assoc. AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronauts AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIMCAL Assoc. of Industrial Metallizers, Coaters & Laminators AISI American Iron and Steel Institute AMA American Management Association AMBA American Mold Builders Assoc. AMC alkyd molding compound AMW average molecular weight AN acrylonitrile ANSI American National Standards Institute ANTEC Annual Technical Conference
(spE)
APC American Plastics Council APET amorphous polyethylene terephthalate APF Assoc. of Plastics Fabricators API Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry API American Paper Institute APM antipersonnel mine APME Assoc. of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe APPR Assoc. of Post-consumer Plastics Recyclers
AFPR Assoc. of Foam Packaging Recyclers AGMA American Gear Mfgrs. Assoc. AI artificial intelligence
Appendix A 9 Abbreviations 4 8 1
AQL acceptable quality level APC American Plastics Council AR aramid fiber AR aspect ratio ARP advanced reinforced plastic ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene- acrylate ASAP as soon as possible ASCII American Standard Code for Information Exchange ASM American Society for Metals ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASNDT American Society for NonDestructive Testing ASQ American Society for Quality ASQC American Society for Quality Control Assoc. association ASTM American Society for Testing Materials at wt atomic weight atm atmosphere ATR attenuated total reflectance AW areal weight bbl barrel BDI Biodegradable Products Institute BFRL Building & Fire Research Laboratory (NIST) Bhn Brinell hardness number BM blow molding BMC bulk molding compound BO biaxially-oriented BOPP biaxially-oriented polypropylene BPI Biodegradable Products Institute bp boiling point BR butadiene rubber BR polybutadiene BSI British Standards Institute Btu British thermal unit Buna polybutadiene Butyl butyl rubber C carbon C Celsius c centi (10 -2)
C Centigrade (preference Celsius) C composite C coulomb Ca calcium CA cellulose acetate CAA Clean Air Act CAB cellulose acetate butyrate CaCO3 calcium carbonate (lime) CAD computer-aided design CAE computer-aided engineering CAM computer-aided manufacturing CAMPUS computer-aided material preselection by uniform standards CAN cellulose acetate nitrate CAP cellulose acetate propionate CAS Chemical Abstract Service, division of ACS CAS clean air solvent CAT computer-aided testing CBA chemical blowing agent CBT computer-based training CCA cellular cellulose acetate CCV Chrysler composites vehicle CD compact disk (disc) CEM Consorzio Export Mouldex (Italian) CFA Composites Fabricators Assoc. CFC chlorofluorocarbon CFECA California Film Extruders and Converters Association CFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene CIM computer integrated manufacturing CLTE coefficient of linear thermal expansion cm centimeter CM compression molding CMA Chemical Mfgrs. Assoc. CMRA Chemical Marketing Research Assoc. CN cellulose nitrate (celluloid) CNC computer numerically controlled CO carbon monoxide CO polyepichlorohydrin CO2 carbon dioxide CP Canadian Plastics
Appendix A 9 Abbreviations 4 8 3
EMC electromagnetic compatibility EMI electromagnetic interference EMS environmental management system EO ethylene oxide (also EtO) EOT ethylene ether polysulfidc EP epoxy EP ethylene-propylene EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer EPE expandable polyethylene EPM ethylene propylene fluorinated EPP expandable polypropylene EPR ethylene propylene rubber EPS expandable polystyrene ERr' enterprise resource planning ESC environmental stress cracking ESCR environmental stress cracking resistance ESD electrostatic safe discharge ET ethylene polysulfide ETFE ethylene terafluoroethylene ETO ethylene oxide EU entropy unit EU European Union EUPC European Assoc. of Plastics Converters EUPE European Union of Packaging & Environment Euro European currency EUROMAP European Committee of Machine Manufacturers for the Rubber & Plastics Industries (Zurich, Switzerland) EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate E/WAC ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer EVAL ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (tradename for EVOH) EVE ethylene vinyl ether EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (or EVAL) EX extrusion F coefficient of friction
F Fahrenheit F Farad F force FALLO Follow ALL Opportunities FBF Film and Bag Federation of SPI FC fuzzy control FDA finite difference analysis FDA Food & Drug Administration FEA finite element analysis FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene FFS form, fill, & seal FLC fuzzy logic control FMCT fusible metal core technology FPC flexible printed circuit fpm feet per minute FR flame retardant FRCA Fire Retardant Chemicals Assoc. FRP fiber reinforced plastic FRTP fiber reinforced thermoplastic FRTS fiber reinforced thermoset FS factor of safety FS fluorosilicone ft feet FTIR Fourier transformation infrared FV frictional force x velocity g gram
G giga ( 10 6)
G gravity G shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) G torsional modulus GAIM gas assisted injection molding gal gallon GB gigabyte (billion bytes) GC gas chromatography GD&T geometric dimensioning & tolerancing GDP Gross Domestic Product GF glass fiber GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastic gpm gallons per minute GMP good manufacturing practice (see QSR) GMT glass mat reinforced thermoplastic
Appendix A 9 Abbreviations 4 8 5
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IV intrinsic viscosity IVD in vitro diagnostic J joule ~S polar moment of inertia Japanese Industrial Standard JIT just-in-time JIT just-in-tolerance JSR Japanese SBR JSW Japan Steel Works JUSE Japanese Union of Science & Engineering JWTE Japan Weathering Test Center k kilo (prefix for 106) K bulk modulus of elasticity K coefficient of thermal conductivity K KeMn K Kunststoffe (plastic in German) KB kilobyte (1000 bytes) kc kilocycle kg kilogram KISS keep it short & simple KISS keep it simple & safe KISS keep it simple stupid KK thousand Km kilometer KO knockout kPa kiloPascal ksi thousand pounds per square inch (psi x 10 3) 1 length L litre (USA liter) for fluids only lb pound lbf pound-force LC liquid chromatography LCD liquid crystal display LCD lowest common diameter LCMS liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy LCP liquid crystal polymer L / D length-to-diameter (ratio) LDPE low density polyethylene (PELD)
LED light-emitting diode LEP Light-Emitting Polymer LIM liquid impingement molding LIM liquid injection molding liq liquid LLDPE linear low density polyethylene (also PE-LLD) lm lumen LMDPE linear medium density polyethylene LNG liquefied natural gas LOI loss on ignition LOX liquid oxygen LPG liquefied petroleum gas LPM low pressure molding LSR liquid silicone rubber m matrix m metallocene (catalyst) m meter mp micromillimeter; millicron; 0.000001 mm mm millimeter }am micrometer M mega M million M b bending moment MA maleic anhydride MA mass spectroscopy MAD mean absolute deviation MAD molding area diagram MBTS benzothiazyl disulfide M-class Elastomer; s e e Table B- 1 MD machine direction MD mean deviation MD&DI Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry publication MDI methane diisocyanate MDPE medium density polyethylene Me metallocene catalyst MEK methyl ethyl ketone MF melamine formaldehyde mfg manufacturing MFI melt flow index Mfr. manufacturer MFT manufacturers for fair trade mg milligram
Appendix A 9 Abbreviations 4 8 7
Table B-1 ASTM D 1418 elastomer terminology The ASTM standardized terminology system classifying all forms of elastomeric materials based upon the chemical composition of the polymer's backbone chain.
The "M" Class
CIIR CR IIR IR NBR NCR NIR NR PBR PSBR SBR SCR SIR X
These elastomers have saturated main polymer chains and are usually prepared from ethylene or vinyl type monomers containing one double band. ACM Copolymers of an acrylate and a small amount of other monomer which provides vulcanizability ANM Copolymers f an acrylate and acrylonitrile Chloro-polyethylene CM CFM Polych Ioro-trifl uo ro-ethylen e CSM Chloro-sulfonly-polyethylene EPDM Terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and a nonconjugated diene which results in pendant unsaturation (not in the main chain] EPM Copolymers of ethylene and propylene FKM A polymer with a saturated main chain with substituents of fluorine, perfluoroalkyl, or perfluouroalkoxy
The "0" Class
Copolymer of chloroisobutene and isoprene Polychloroprene Copolymer of isobutene and isoprene Polyisoprene (synthetic only) Copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene Copolymer of acrylonitrile and chloroprene Copolymer of acrylonitrile and isoprene Natural Rubber (poly-cis-isoprene) Copolymer of vinyl pyridine and butadiene Copolymer of vinyl pyridine, styrene and butadiene Copolymer of styrene and butadiene Copolymer of styrene and chloroprene Copolymer of styrene and isoprene Prefix indicated carboxyl substitution
These elastomers have silicone in the main chain. Prefixes indicate the following types of substitution: MV P F methyl vinyl phenyl fluorine
These elastomers have oxygen in the main chain. CO ECO GPO Polyepichlorohydrin Copolymerof ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin Copolymerof propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether
These elastomers contain unsaturation in the main chain. The letter immediately before the "R" designates the conjugated diene which is used in its synthesis (except natural rubber.) ABR BIIR BR Copolymerof acrylate and butadiene Copolymerof bromoisobutene and isoprene Polybutadiene
Elastomers with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in the main chain - typically polyurethanes: AU - Polyester based polurethanes EU - Polyether based polurethanes
"Y" Designation
Appendix A 9 Abbreviations 4 8 9
PMMA polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) PMMI Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute PO polyolefin POE polyolefin elastomer POM polyoxymethylene or polyacetal (acetal) POSS polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes PP polypropylene PPA polyphthalamide ppb parts per billion PPC polyphthalate carbonate PPE polyphenylene ether pph parts per hundred ppm parts per million ppmv parts per million by volume ppmwt parts per million by weight PPO polyphenylene oxide PPPS polyphenylene sulfide sulphone PPS polyphenylene sulfide PPSF polyphenylsulfone PPSU polyphenylene sulphone PPVC plasticized polyvinyl chloride PR public relation PS polystyrene PSB polystyrene butadiene rubber
P-V pressure-volume (also PV) PV pressure-velocity PVA Polyvinyl alcohol PVAC polyvinyl acetate PVB polyvinyl butyral PVC polyvinyl chloride PVD physical vapor deposition PVDA polyvinylidene acetate PVDC polyvinylidene chloride copolymer PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride PVF polyvinyl fluoride PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVT pressure-volume-temperature (also P-V-T or pvT) PW Plastics World magazine (1997 became Molding Systems of SME, etc.) QA quality assurance QC quality control QMC quick mold change QPL qualified products list QSR quality system regulation R Rankin R Reaumur R Reynold's number R Rockwell (hardness) R2SiO silicon R&D research & development R&M reliability and maintainability R&R repeatability and reproducibility rad That quantity of ionizing radiation that results in the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gram of irradiated material. radome radar dome RAM radar absorbent material RAM random access memory Rapra Rubber & Plastics Research Assoc. R&R repeatability and reproducibility Rc Rockwell hardness C (R~) Re Reynold's number Ref. reference rf radio frequency
(GR-S, SBR)
psf pounds per square foot PS-F polystyrene-foam PSF polysulphone psi pounds per square inch PSI Polymer Search on Internet psia pounds per square inch, absolute psid pounds per square inch, differential psig pounds per square inch, gauge (above atmospheric pressure) PSU polysulfone PT Plastics Technology publication PT Plastics Toolbox PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (or TFE) PTV pressure-temperature-volume PUF polyurethane foam PUR polyurethane (also PU, UP)
V velocity V volt VA value analysis var variable VC vent cloth VCM vinyl chloride monomer VDE German Standard Institute VE vinyl ester VI Vinyl Institute VLDPE very low density polyethylene VOC volatile organic compound VOCC volatile organic compound content vol volume (not volatile) vol% percentage by volume vs. versus
(see
Y-axis axis in the plane perpendicular to X-axis YPE yield point elongation Z-axis axis normal to the plane of the X-Y axes Z-N Ziegler-Natta Z-twist twisting fiber direction ZZ zigzag