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3D-PRINTING - SWOT ANALYSIS ON OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN MODELS

Andy Camps

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Andy Camps
XIOS University College Lector/researcher Research projects: 3D-lab Projects industry http://http://3dlab.xios.be/ https://twitter.com/andy_camps (not exclusive on 3D)

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Outline
3D-lab: research and industry 3D-printing technologies Open source and SWOT

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3D-lab
Improving rapid prototyping (RP) and reverse engineering (RE) RP
Saving building material Fixing errors in files Creating assemblies Limits on 3D-printing

RE
3D-scanning plastics Desktop 3D-scanning Scanning post processing

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3D-lab results RE

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3D-lab results scans

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3D-lab results saving building material

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3D-lab results fixing errors

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3D-lab results limits on 3D printing

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3D-lab services to the industry

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3D-lab recent experiments

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3D-printing
Definition? Creating 3D-forms by adding material ~ additive production Rapid prototyping Rapid manufacturing Technologies Extrusion Lamination Light Polymerisation Granulated forming

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Extrusion
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Developed late 1980s Slicing 3D CAD models into layers Layers are filled with a tool path similar to CNC-tool path Liquefying thermoplastics (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer,

polycarbonates, polycaprolactone, polyphenylsulfones and waxes) Primarily for prototyping, limited production Largest group open source hardware

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

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Lamination
Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates Cutting in shape with knife or laser

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Light Polymerisation
Stereolithography (SLA) Vat of liquid ultraviolet curable photopolymer "resin Ultraviolet laser to build layers Digital Light Processing (DLP) Same as SLA exept laser = replaced by light source and mask

Fast and large parts are possible

Recent also small machines

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Granulated forming
Powder bed and inkjet head 3d printing, Plaster-based 3D printing (PP) Selective laser sintering (SLS) Selective heat sintering (SHS) Electron beam melting (EBM) Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)

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Plaster-based 3D printing (PP)

MIT, ZCorp (3D-systems) Inkjet printing head moves over bed of powder Deposition of binding material Deposition of colors Plaster material: breakable Unique: colors!

No support structures needed

Unused plaster is reusable

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Selective laser sintering (SLS)

High power laser melts plastic, metal (Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)),

ceramic or glass powder Powder is heated just below melting point (easier for the laser to melt) No support structures needed Unused powder is limited reusable Neutral atmosphere

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Electron beam melting (EBM)

Electron beam melts metal powder in vacuum Parts are fully dense, without voids, very strong

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Selective heat sintering (SHS)

Heat source melts plastic powder No support structures needed Unused powder is limited reusable

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3D-printing and open source machines

Primarily FDM Reprap, Ultimaker, Parts for the machine are available on http://www.reprap.org/,

http://www.ultimaker.com/ Several types evolution powered by open source community

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Open source hardware 3D-printing SWOT

Strengths Everybody can make the same machine at a low cost Large helpful and positive community Easy to build your own custom machine Cheap to produce your own models Weaknesses Problems on your own machine you have to solve yourself Quality of products you can produce Production time Build your own machine Learning to use your machine

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Open source hardware 3D-printing SWOT

Opportunities
Customisation of the existing design of the machines for specific needs can be done cheaply Active development on materials
C2C with reuse of plastic garbage Printing with food

Improving machine possibilities

Multi colour prints Larger models Faster printing Support material

Threats Technological background of the user of the machine? Seen as hobby projects Which machine to choose?

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3D-printing and open source software

3D-printing software http://replicat.org/ You need it to create your parts on your open source machine Some not open source machines are supported 3D modelling software http://www.openscad.org/ Programming your model Mashups! 3D editing software http://meshlab.sourceforge.net/ Processing and editing of unstructured 3D triangular meshes

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Open source software 3D-printing SWOT

Strengths Very cheap! Large helpful and positive community Weaknesses Software support usually limited to some YouTube movies Stability software crashes Undo functionality Opportunities Usability improvements Tutorials Threats Large group of users, small group of developers 3D knowledge of common user?

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Open models
Created with open source software open model http://www.thingiverse.com/ Models can be downloaded as printable files (STL-file format) Sometimes other formats (OpenSCAD, DXF and SolidWorks are popular)

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Open models SWOT

Strengths Very cheap! Large helpful and positive community Weaknesses STL-format (or other mesh format) limits possibilities for reuse of a model Opportunities Open models can lead to an open market for models build you own replacement parts Improvements on existing models Customisation of existing models Threats Finding your model Starting from 3D world objects?

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Summary
3D-lab 3D-printing technologies Open source and SWOT

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