KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TA) - 52 (WEB PROGRAMMING)

Assignment: TA (Compulsory) 1. What is the meaning of Web? Explain in detail the building elements of web Web is a complex network of international , cross plateform, and cross cultural communicating devices, connected to each other without any ordering or pattern. There are two most important building blocks of web: HTML and HTTP. HTML: - HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is a very simple language used to describe the logical structure of a document. Actually, HTML is often called programming language it is really not. Programming languages are Turing-complete, or computable. That is, programming languages can be used to compute something such as the square root of pi or some other such task. Typically programming languages use conditional branches and loops and operate on data contained in abstract data structures. HTML is much easier than all of that. HTML is simply a markup language used to define a logical structure rather than compute anything. HTTP: - HTTP is a request-response type protocol. It is a language spoken between web browser (client software) and a web server (server software) so that can communicate with each other and exchange files. Now let us understand how client/server system works using HTTP. A client/server system works something like this: A big piece of computer (called a server) sits in some office somewhere with a bunch of files that people might want access to. This computer runs a software package that listens all day long to requests over the wires. 2. HTML is the Language of the Web Justify the statement HTML is often called a programming language it is really not. Programming languages are Turing-complete, or computable. That is, programming languages can be used to compute something such as the square root of pi or some other such task. Typically programming languages use conditional branches and loops and operate on data contained in abstract data structures. HTML is much easier than all of that. HTML is simply a markup language used to define a logical structure rather than compute anything. For example, it can describe which text the browser should emphasize, which text should be considered body text versus header text, and so forth. The beauty of HTML of course is that it is generic enough that it can be read and interpreted by a web browser running on any machine or operating system. This is because it only focuses on describing the logical nature of the document, not on the specific style. The web browser is responsible for adding style. For instance emphasized text might be bolded in one browser and italicized in another. it is up to the browser to decide 3. Give the different classification of HTML tags with examples for each category LIST OF HTML TAGS :Tags for Document Structure HTML HEAD BODY Heading Tags TITLE BASE META STYLE LINK Block-Level Text Elements ADDRESS BLOCKQUOTE DIV H1 through H6 P

 PRE XMP Lists DD DIR DL DT LI MENU OL UL Text Characteristics B BASEFONT BIG BLINK CITE CODE EM FONT I KBD PLAINTEXT S SMALL 4. Write CGI application which accepts 3 numbers from the user and displays biggest number using GET and POST methods #!/usr/bin/perl #print "Content-type:text/html\n\n"; #$form = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}; use CGI; $cgi = new CGI; print $cgi->header; print $cgi->start_html( "Question Ten" ); my $one = $cgi->param( 'one' ); my $two = $cgi->param( 'two' ); my $three = $cgi->param( 'three' ); if( $one && $two && $three ) { $lcm = &findLCM( &findLCM( $one, $two ), $three ); print "LCM is $lcm"; } else { print ' '; print 'Enter First Number '; print 'Enter Second Number '; print 'Enter Third Number '; print ' '; print " "; } print $cgi->end_html;

sub findLCM(){ my $x = shift; my $y = shift; my $temp, $ans; if ($x < $y) { $temp = $y; $y = $x; $x = $temp; } $ans = $y; $temp = 1; while ($ans % $x) { $ans = $y * $temp; $temp++ ; } return $ans; } 5. What is Javascript? Give its importance in web. JavaScript is an easy to learn way to Scriptyour web pages that is have them to do actions that cannot be handled with HTML alone. With JavaScript, you can make text scroll across the screen like ticker tape; you can make pictures change when you move over them, or any other number of dynamic enhancement. JavaScript is generally only used inside of HTML document. i) JavaScript control document appearance and content. ii) JavaScript control the browser. iii) JavaScript interact with document content. iv) JavaScript interact with the user. v) JavaScript read and write client state with cookies. vi) JavaScript interact with applets. vii) JavaScript manipulate embedded images. 6. Explain briefly Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a part of DHTML that controls the look and placement of the element on the page. With CSS you can basically set any style sheet property of any element on a html page. One of the biggest advantages with the CSS instead of the regular way of changing the look of elements is that you split content from design. You can for instance link a CSS file to all the pages in your site that sets the look of the pages, so if you want to change like the font size of your main text you just change it in the CSS file and all pages are updated. 7. What is CGI? List the different CGI environment variables CGI or Common Gateway Interface is a specification which allows web users to run program from their computer.CGI is a part of the web server that can communicate with other programs running on the server. With CGI, the web server can call up a program, while passing user specific data to a program. The program then processes that data and the server passes the programs response back to the web browser. When a CGI program is called, the information that is made available to it can be roughly broken into three groups:i). Information about client, server and user. ii). Form data that are user supplied. iii). Additional pathname information. Most Information about client, server and user is placed in CGI environmental variables. Form data that are user supplied is incorporated in environment variables. Extra pathname information is placed in environment variables. i). GATEWAY_INTERFACE T he revision of the common Gateway interface that the server uses. ii). SERVER_NAME The Servers hostname or IP address. iii). SERVER_PORT The port number of the host on which the server is running. iv). REQUEST_METHOD The method with which the information request is issued. v). PATH_INFO Extra path information passed to the CGI program 8. What is PERL? Explain PERl control structures with the help of an example

Perl control structures include conditional statement, such as if/elseif/else blocks as well as loop like for each, for and while. i). Conditional statements - If condition The structure is always started by the word if, followed by a condition to be evaluated, then a pair the braces indicating the beginning and end of the code to be executed if the condition is true. If(condition) {condition to be executed } - Unless Unless is similar to if. You wanted to execute code only if a certain condition were false. If($ varname! = 23) { #code to execute if $ varname is not 23 } - The same test can be done using unless: Unless ($ varname== 23) { #code to execute if $ varname is not 23 } ii). Looping Looping allow you to repeat code for as long as a condition is met. Perl has several loop control structures: foreach, for, while and until. - While Loop A while loop executes as long as a particular condition is true: While (condition) { #code to run as long as condition is true. } - Until Loop A until loops the reverse of while. It executes as long as a particular condition is not true: While (condition) { #code to run as long as condition is not true. }

KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TB) - 51 (GRAPHICS & MULTIMEDIA)

Assignment: TB (Compulsory) 1. What is the need for computer graphics?Computers have become a powerful tool for the rapid and economical production of pictures. Computer Graphics remains one of the most exciting and rapidly growing fields. Old Chinese saying One picture is worth of thousand words can be modified in this computer era into One picture is worth of many kilobytes of data. It is natural to expect that graphical communication, which is an older and more popular method of exchanging information than verbal communication, will often be more convenient when computers are utilized for this purpose. This is true because one must represent objects in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces. Computer Graphics has revolutionized almost every computer-based application in science and technology. 2. What is graphics processor? Why it is needed?To provide visual interface, additional processing capability is to be provided to the existing CPU. The solution is to provide dedicated graphic processor. This helps in managing the screen faster with an equivalent software algorithm executed on the CPU and certain amount of parallelism can be achieved for completing the graphic command. Several manufacturers of personal computers use a proprietary graphic processor. For example, Intel 82786 is essentially a line drawing processor; Texas Instruments 43010 is a high performance generalpurpose processor. 3. What is a pixel? Pixel (picture element): Pixel may be defined as the smallest size object or color spot that can be displayed and addressed on a monitor. Any image that is displayed on the monitor is made up of thousands of such small pixels. The closely spaced pixels divide the image area into a compact and uniform two-dimensional grid of pixel lines and columns. 4. Why C language is popular for graphics programming? Turbo C++ is for C++ and C programmers. It is also compatible with ANSI C standard and fully supports Kernighan and Ritchie definitions. It includes C++ class libraries, mouse support, multiple overlapping windows, Multi file editor, hypertext help, far objects and error analysis. Turbo C++ comes with a complete set of graphics functions to facilitate preparation of charts and diagrams. It supports the same graphics adapters as turbo Pascal. The Graphics library consists of over 70 graphics functions ranging from high level support like facility to set view port, draw 3-D bar charts, draw polygons to bitoriented functions like get image and put image. The graphics library supports numerous objects, line styles and provides several text fonts to enable one to justify and orient text, horizontally and vertically. It may be noted that graphics functions use far pointers and it is not supported in the tiny memory model.

5. Define resolution. Resolution: Image resolution refers as the pixel spacing i.e. the distance from one pixel to the next pixel. A typical PC monitor displays screen images with a resolution somewhere between 25 pixels per inch and 80 pixels per inch. Pixel is the smallest element of a displayed image, and dots (red, green and blue) are the smallest elements of a display surface (monitor screen). The dot pitch is the measure of screen resolution. The smaller the dot pitch, the higher the resolution, sharpness and detail of the image displayed. 6. Define aspect ratio. Aspect ratio: The aspect ratio of the image is the ratio of the number of X pixels to the number of Y pixels. The standard aspect ratio PCs is 4:3, and some use 5:4. Monitors are calibrated to this standard so that when you draw a circle it appears to be a circle and not an ellipse. 7. Why refreshing is required in CRT? When the electron beam strikes a dot of phosphor material, it glows for a fraction of a second and then fades. As brightness of the dots begins to reduce, the screen-image becomes unstable and gradually fades out. In order to maintain a stable image, the electron beam must sweep the entire surface of the screen and then return to redraw it number of times per second. This process is called refreshing the screen. If the electron beam takes too long to return and redraw a pixel, the pixel begins to fade results in flicker in the image. In order to avoid flicker the screen image must be redrawn sufficiently quickly that the eye cannot tell that refresh is going on. The refresh rate is the number of times per second that the screen is refreshed. Some monitor uses a technique called interlacing for refreshing every line of the screen. In the first pass, odd-numbered lines are refreshed, and in the second pass, even numbered lines are refreshed. This allows the refresh rate to be doubled because only half the screen is redrawn at a time. 8. Name the different positioning devices. The devices discussed so far, the mouse, the tablet, the joystick are called positioning devices. They are able to position the curser at any point on the screen. (We can operate at that point or the chain of points) Often, one needs devices that can point to a given position on the screen. This becomes essential when a diagram is already there on the screen, but some changes are to be made. So, instead of trying to know its coordin ates, it is advisable to simply point to that portion of the picture and asks for changes. The simplest of such devices is the light pen. Its principle is extremely simple. 9. What are pointing devices? A pointing device is an input interface (specifically a human interface device) that allows a user to input spatial (i.e., continuous and multi-dimensional) data to a computer. CAD systems and graphical user interfaces (GUI) allow the user to control and provide data to the computer using physical gestures point, click, and drag for example, by moving a hand-held mouse across the surface of the physical desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes. 10. What is multimedia? The word Multimedia seems to be everywhere nowadays. The word multimedia is a compound of the Latin prefix multi meaning many, and the Latin -derived work media, which is the plural of the world medium. So multimedia simply means using more than one kind of medium. Multimedia is the mixture of two or more media effects-Hypertext, Still Images, sound, Animation and Video to be interacted on a computer terminal. 11. What are sound cards? Sound cards: The first sound blaster was an 8-bit card with 22 KHz sampling, besides being equipped with a number of drives and utilities. This became a king of model for the other sound cards. Next came the Sound Blaster Pro, again 8-bit sound but with a higher sampling rate of 44 KHz, which supports a wider frequency range. Then there was Yamaha OPL3 chipset with more voices. Another development was built-in CD ROM interface through which huge files could be played directly via the sound card. 12. What is sampling? Sampling: Sampling is like breaking a sound into tiny piece and storing each piece as a small, digital sample of sound. The rate at which a sound is Sampled can affect its quality. The higher the sampling rate (the more pieces of sound tha t are stored) the better the quality of sound. Higher quality of sound will occupy a lot of space in hard disk because of more samples. 13. What is morphing?

Morphing: The best example would be the Kawasaki advertisement, where the motorbike changes into a cheetah, the muscle of MRF to a real muscle etc.. Morphing is making an image change into another by identifying key points so that the key points displacement, etc. are taken into consideration for the change. 14. What is rendering? Rendering: The process of converting your designed objects with texturing and animation into an image or a series of images is called rendering. Here various parameters are available like resolution, colors type of render, etc. 15. What is warping? Warping: Certain parts of the image could be marked for a change and made to change to different one. For examples, the eyes of the owl had to morph into the eyes of cat, the eyes can alone be marked and warped. 16. Why we use scanner? Photographs, illustrations, and paintings continue to be made the old fashioned way, even by visual artists who are otherwise immersed in digital imaging technology. Traditional photographs, illustrations, and paintings are easily imported into computers through the use of a device called a scanner. A Scanner scans over an image such as photo, drawing, logo, etc, converting it into an image and it can be seen on the screen. Using a good paint programme, Image Editor we can do adding, removing colors, filtering, Masking color etc. 17. What is ganut in Photoshop? Write yourself...

18. What is a layer? The concept of layering is similar to that of compositing as we make the different layers by keying out the uniform color and making it transparent so that layer beneath becomes visible. In case of future modifications we will be able to work with individual layers and need not work with the image as a whole.

19. What are editing tools? Why it is needed? You can use the editing tools to draw on a layer, and you can copy and paste selections to a layer. Many types of editing tools are:i).Eraser tool: The eraser tool changes pixels in the image as you drag through them. You can choose to change the color and transparency of the affected pixels, or to revert the affected area to its previously saved version. ii).Smudge tool: The smudge tool simulates the actions of dragging a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color from where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction in which you drag.

20. What is file format? File Format: When you create an image-either through scanning into your computer or drawing it from scratch on your monitor or captured through a camera, recorded voice or music from the two-in-one or recorded connecting a music instrument it must be saved to your disk. Otherwise it would become an ethereal artifact that could never again be seen or listened. Once the computers power is turned off, its gone forever unless it is saved. The method by which the software organizes the data in the saved file is called the file format.

KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TB) - 53 (DATA WAREHOUSING & DATA MINING)

PART - A
I. Note: Answer all the questions. a) What is Normalization? What are the different forms of Normalization ? The usual approach in normalization in database applications is to ensure that the data is divided into two or more tables, such that when the data in one of them is updated, it does not lead to anamolies of data (The student is advised to refer any book on data base management systems for details, if interested). The idea is to ensure that when combined, the data available is consistent. However, in data warehousing, one may even tend to break the large table into several denormalized smaller tables. Thi s may lead to lots of extra space being used. But it helps in an indirect way It avoids the overheads of joining the data during queries. b) Define Data warehouse. What are roles of education in a data warehousing delivery process? Data Warehouse: In its simplest form, a data ware house is a collection of key pieces of information used to manage and direct the business for the most profitable outcome. It would decide the amount of inventory to be held, the no. of employees to be hired, the amount to be procured on loan etc.,. The above definition may not be precise - but that is how data ware house systems are. There are different definitions given by different authors, but we have this idea in mind and proceed. It is a large collection of data and a set of process managers that use this data to make information available. The data can be meta data, facts, dimensions and aggregations. The process managers can be load managers, ware house managers or query managers. The information made available is such that they allow the end users to make informed decisions. Roles of education in a data warehousing delivery process:This has two roles to play - one to make people, specially top level policy makers, comfortable with the concept. The second role is to aid the prototyping activity. To take care of the education concept, an initial (usually scaled down) prototype is created and people are encouraged to interact with it. This would help achieve both the activities listed above. The users became comfortable with the use of the system and the ware house developer becomes aware of the limitations of his prototype which can be improvised upon. c) What is process managers? What are the different types of process managers? Process Managers: These are responsible for the smooth flow, maintainance and upkeep of data into and out of the database. The main types of process managers are:i). Load manager: to take case of source interaction, data transformation and data load. ii). Ware house manger: to take care of data movement, meta data management and performance monitoring. iii). Query manager: to control query scheduling and monitoring. We shall look into each of them briefly. Before that, we look at a schematic diagram that defines the boundaries of the three types of managers.

d) Give the architectures of data mining systems.

e) What are the guidelines for KDD environment ? It is customary in the computer industry to formulate rules of thumb that help information technology (IT) specialists to apply new developments. In setting up a reliable data mining environment we may follow the guidelines so that KDD system may work in a manner we desire. i). Support extremely large data sets ii). Support hybrid learning iii). Establish a data warehouse iv). Introduce data cleaning facilities v). Facilitate working with dynamic coding vi). Integrate with decision support system vii). Choose extendible architecture viii). Support heterogeneous databases ix). Introduce client/server architecture x). Introduce cache optimization

PART - B
II. Answer any FIVE full questions. 1. a) With the help of a diagram explain architecture of data warehouse. The architecture for a data ware is indicated below. Before we proceed further, we should be clear about the concept of architecture. It only gives the major items that make up a data ware house. The size and complexity of each of these items depend on the actual size of the ware house itself, the specific requirements of the ware house and the actual details of implementation.

Before looking into the details of each of the managers we could get a broad idea about their functionality by mapping the processes that we studied in the previous chapter to the managers. The extracting and loading processes are taken care of by the load manager. The processes of cleanup and transformation of data as also of back up and archiving are the duties of the ware house manage, while the query manager, as the name implies is to take case of query management. b) Indicate the important function of a Load Manager, Warehouse Manager. Important function of Load Manager: i) To extract data from the source (s) ii) To load the data into a temporary storage device iii) To perform simple transformations to map it to the structures of the data ware house. Important function of Warehouse Manager: i) Analyze the data to confirm data consistency and data integrity . ii) Transform and merge the source data from the temporary data storage into the ware house. iii) Create indexes, cross references, partition views etc.,. iv) Check for normalizations. v) Generate new aggregations, if needed. vi) Update all existing aggregations vii) Create backups of data. viii) Archive the data that needs to be archived. 2. a) Differentiate between vertical partitioning and horizontal partitioning. In horizontal partitioning, we simply the first few thousand entries in one partition, the second few thousand in the next and so on. This can be done by partitioning by time, where in all data pertaining to the first month / first year is put in the first partition, the second one in the second partition and so on. The other alternatives can be based on different sized dimensions, partitioning an other dimensions, petitioning on the size of the table and round robin partitions. Each of them have certain advantages as well as disadvantages. In vertical partitioning, some columns are stored in one partition and certain other columns of the same row in a different partition. This can again be achieved either by normalization or row splitting. We will look into their relative trade offs. b) What is schema? Distinguish between facts and dimensions. A schema, by definition, is a logical arrangements of facts that facilitate ease of storage and retrieval, as described by the end users. The end user is not bothered about the overall arrangements of the data or the fields in it. For example, a sales executive, trying to project the sales of a particular item is only interested in the sales details of that item where as a tax practitioner looking at the same data will be interested only in the amounts received by the company and the profits made. The star schema looks a good solution to the problem of ware housing. It simply states that one should identify the facts and store it in the read-only area and the dimensions surround the area. Whereas the dimensions are liable to change, the facts are not. But given a set of raw data from the sources, how does one identify the facts and the dimensions? It is not always easy, but the following steps can help in that direction. i) Look for the fundamental transactions in the entire business process. These basic entities are the facts.

ii) Find out the important dimensions that apply to each of these facts. They are the candidates for dimension tables. iii) Ensure that facts do not include those candidates that are actually dimensions, with a set of facts attached to it. iv) Ensure that dimensions do not include these candidates that are actually facts. 3. a) What is an event in data warehousing? List any five events. An event is defined as a measurable, observable occurrence of a defined action. If this definition is quite vague, it is because it encompasses a very large set of operations. The event manager is a software that continuously monitors the system for the occurrence of the event and then take any action that is suitable (Note that the event is a measurable and observable occurrence). The action to be taken is also normally specific to the event. A partial list of the common events that need to be monitored are as follows: i). Running out of memory space. ii). A process dying iii). A process using excessing resource iv). I/O errors v). Hardware failure b) What is summary table? Describe the aspects to be looked into while designing a summary table. The main purpose of using summary tables is to cut down the time taken to execute a specific query. The main methodology involves minimizing the volume of data being scanned each time the query is to be answered. In other words, partial answers to the query are already made available. For example, in the above cited example of mobile market, if one expects i) the citizens above 18 years of age ii) with salaries greater than 15,000 and iii) with professions that involve traveling are the potential customers, then, every time the query is to be processed (may be every month or every quarter), one will have to look at the entire data base to compute these values and then combine them suitably to get the relevant answers. The other method is to prepare summary tables, which have the values pertaining toe ach of these sub-queries, before hand, and then combine them as and when the query is raised. Summary table are designed by following the steps given below: i) Decide the dimensions along which aggregation is to be done. ii) Determine the aggregation of multiple facts. iii) Aggregate multiple facts into the summary table. iv) Determine the level of aggregation and the extent of embedding. v) Design time into the table. vi) Index the summary table. 4. a) List the significant issues in automatic cluster detection. Most of the issues related to automatic cluster detection are connected to the kinds of questions we want to be answered in the data mining project, or data preparation for their successful application. i). Distance measure Most clustering techniques use for the distance measure the Euclidean distance formula (square root of the sum of the squares of distances along each attribute axes). Non-numeric variables must be transformed and scaled before the clustering can take place. Depending on this transformations, the categorical variables may dominate clustering results or they may be even completely ignored. ii). Choice of the right number of clusters If the number of clusters k in the K-means method is not chosen so to match the natural structure of the data, the results will not be good. The proper way t alleviate this is to experiment with different values for k. In principle, the best k value will exhibit the smallest intra-cluster distances and largest inter-cluster distances. iii). Cluster interpretation Once the clusters are discovered they have to be interpreted in order to have some value for the data mining project. b) Define data marting. List the reasons for data marting. The data mart stores a subset of the data available in the ware house, so that one need not always have to scan through the entire content of the ware house. It is similar to a retail outlet. A data mart speeds up the queries, since the volume of data to be scanned is much less. It also helps to have tail or made processes for different access tools, imposing control strategies etc.,. Following are the reasons for which data marts are created:

i) Since the volume of data scanned is small, they speed up the query processing. ii) Data can be structured in a form suitable for a user access too iii) Data can be segmented or partitioned so that they can be used on different platforms and also different control strategies become applicable. 5. a) Explain how to categorize data mining system. There are many data mining systems available or being developed. Some are specialized systems dedicated to a given data source or are confined to limited data mining functionalities, other are more versatile and comprehensive. Data mining systems can be categorized according to various criteria among other classification are the following: a) Classification according to the type of data source mined: this classification categorizes data mining systems according to the type of data handled such as spatial data, multimedia data, time-series data, text data, World Wide Web, etc. b) Classification according to the data model drawn on: this classification categorizes data mining systems based on the data model involved such as relational database, object-oriented database, data warehouse, transactional, etc. c) Classification according to the king of knowledge discovered: this classification categorizes data mining systems based on the kind of knowledge discovered or data mining functionalities, such as characterization, discrimination, association, classification, clustering, etc. Some systems tend to be comprehensive systems offering several data mining functionalities together. d) Classification according to mining techniques used: Data mining systems employ and provide different techniques. This classification categorizes data mining systems according to the data analysis approach used such as machine learning, neural networks, genetic algorithms, statistics, visualization, database oriented or data warehouse-oriented, etc. b) List and explain different kind of data that can be mined. Different kind of data that can be mined are listed below:i). Flat files: Flat files are actually the most common data source for data mining algorithms, especially at the research level. ii). Relational Databases: A relational database consists of a set of tables containing either values of entity attributes, or values of attributes from entity relationships. iii). Data Warehouses: A data warehouse as a storehouse, is a repository of data collected from multiple data sources (often heterogeneous) and is intended to be used as a whole under the same unified schema. iv). Multimedia Databases: Multimedia databases include video, images, audio and text media. They can be stored on extended object-relational or object-oriented databases, or simply on a file system. v). Spatial Databases: Spatial databases are databases that in addition to usual data, store geographical information like maps, and global or regional positioning. vi). Time-Series Databases: Time-series databases contain time related data such stock market data or logged activities. These databases usually have a continuous flow of new data coming in, which sometimes causes the need for a challenging real time analysis. vii). World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the most heterogeneous and dynamic repository available. A very large number of authors and publishers are continuously contributing to its growth and metamorphosis and a massive number of users are accessing its resources daily. 6. a) Give the syntax for task relevant data specification. Syntax for tax-relevant data specification:The first step in defining a data mining task is the specification of the task-relevant data, that is, the data on which mining is to be performed. This involves specifying the database and tables or data warehouse containing the relevant data, conditions for selecting the relevant data, the relevant attributes or dimensions for exploration, and instructions regarding the ordering or grouping of the data retrieved. DMQL provides clauses for the clauses for the specification of such information, as follows:i). use database (database_name) or use data warehouse (data_warehouse_name): The use clause directs the mining task to the database or data warehouse specified. ii). from (relation(s)/cube(s)) [where(condition)]: The from and where clauses respectively specify the database tables or data cubes involved, and the conditions defining the data to be retrieved. iii). in relevance to (attribute_or_dimension_list): This clause lists the attributes or dimensions for exploration. iv). order by (order_list): The order by clause specifies the sorting order of the task relevant data. v). group by (grouping_list): the group by clause specifies criteria for grouping the data. vi). having (conditions): The having cluase specifies the condition by which groups of data are considered relevant. b) Explain the designing of GUI based on data mining query language. A data mining query language provides necessary primitives that allow users to communicate with data mining systems. But novice users may find data mining query language difficult to use and the syntax difficult to remember. Instead , user

may prefer to communicate with data mining systems through a graphical user interface (GUI). In relational database technology , SQL serves as a standard core language for relational systems , on top of which GUIs can easily be designed. Similarly, a data mining query language may serve as a core language for data mining system implementations, providing a basis for the development of GUI for effective data mining. A data mining GUI may consist of the following functional components:a) Data collection and data mining query composition - This component allows the user to specify task-relevant data sets and to compose data mining queries. It is similar to GUIs used for the specification of relational queries. b) Presentation of discovered patterns This component allows the display of the discovered patterns in various forms, including tables, graphs, charts, curves and other visualization techniques. c) Hierarchy specification and manipulation - This component allows for concept hierarchy specification , either manually by the user or automatically. In addition , this component should allow concept hierarchies to be modified by the user or adjusted automatically based on a given data set distribution. d) Manipulation of data mining primitives This component may allow the dynamic adjustment of data mining thresholds, as well as the selection, display and modification of concept hierarchies. It may also allow the modification of previous data mining queries or conditions. e) Interactive multilevel mining This component should allow roll-up or drill-down operations on discovered patterns. f) Other miscellaneous information This component may include on-line help manuals, indexed search , debugging and other interactive graphical facilities. 7. a) Explain how decision trees are useful in data mining. Decision trees are powerful and popular tools for classification and prediction. The attractiveness of tree-based methods is due in large part to the fact that, it is simple and decision trees represent rules. Rules can readily be expressed so that we humans can understand them or in a database access language like SQL so that records falling into a particular category may be retrieved. b) Identify an application and also explain the techniques that can be incorporated in solving the problem using data mining techniques. Write yourself... 8. Write a short notes on : i) Data Mining Querying Language ii) Schedule Manager iii) Data Formatting. i) Data Mining Querying Language A data mining language helps in effective knowledge discovery from the data mining systems. Designing a comprehensive data mining language is challenging because data mining covers a wide spectrum of tasks from data characterization to mining association rules, data classification and evolution analysis. Each task has different requirements. The design of an effective data mining query language requires a deep understanding of the power, limitation and underlying mechanism of the various kinds of data mining tasks. ii) Schedule manager The scheduling is the key for successful warehouse management. Almost all operations in the ware house need some type of scheduling. Every operating system will have its own scheduler and batc h control mechanism. But these schedulers may not be capable of fully meeting the requirements of a data warehouse. Hence it is more desirable to have specially designed schedulers to manage the operations. iii) Data formatting Final data preparation step which represents syntactic modifications to the data that do not change its meaning, but are required by the particular modelling tool chosen for the DM task. These include: a). reordering of the attributes or records: some modelling tools require reordering of the attributes (or records) in the dataset: putting target attribute at the beginning or at the end, randomizing order of records (required by neural networks for example) b). changes related to the constraints of modelling tools: removing commas or tabs, special characters, trimming strings to maximum allowed number of characters, replacing special characters with allowed set of special characters.

KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TB) - 52 (WEB PROGRAMMING)

Assignment: TB (Compulsory)

Part - A

a) What is the difference between Internet and Intranet? Internet: Internet is global network of networks.Internet is a tool for collaborating academic research,and it has become a medium for exchanging anddistributing information of all kinds. It is aninterconnection between several computers of different types belongingto various networks all over global. Intranet: Intranet is not global. It is a mini web that islimited to user machines and software program of particulars organization or company b) List any five HTML tags. Five HTML tags are:i). UL (unordered list): The UL tags displays a bulleted list. You can use the tags TYPE attribute to change the bullet style. ii). TYPE: defines the type of bullet used of each list item. The value can be one of the following-CIRCLE, DISC, SQUARE iii). LI (list item): The LI tag indicates an itemized element, which is usually preceded by bullet, a number, or a letter. The LI is used inside list elements such as OL (ordered list) and UL (unordered list). iv). TABLES (table): The TABLE tag defines a table. Inside the TABLE tag, use the TR tag to define rows in the table, use the TH tag to define row or column headings, and the TD tag to define table cells. v). HTML (outermost tag): The HTML identifies a document as an HTML document. All HTML documents should start with the and end with the tags. c) Write the difference between HTML and DHTML. HTML: HTML stands for Hyper Text MarkupLanguage. It is a language. HTML cant bedone after the page loads. HTML can be or not usedwith JavaScript. DHTML: DHTML stands for Dynamic Hyper TextMarkup Language. DHTML isnt really alanguage or a thing in itself its just a mix of thosetechnologies. Dynamic HTML is simply HTMLthat can change even after a page has been loaded into a browser. DHTML can be used with JavaScript. d) Explain the different types of PERL variables. Perl has three types of variables: i). Scalars ii). Arrays iii). Hashes. i). Scalars: A scalar variable stores a single (scalar) value.Perl scalar names are prefixed with a dollar sign ($), so for example, $username, and $url are all examples of scalar variable names. A scalar can hold data of anytype, be it a string, a number, or whatnot. We can alsouse scalars in double-quoted strings: my $fnord = 23;my $blee = The ma gic number is $fnord.; Now if you print $blee, we will get The magic number is 23.Perl interpolates the variables in the string, replacingthe variable name with the value of that variable. ii). Arrays: An array stores an ordered list of values. Whilea scalar variable can only store one value, an array canstoremany. Perl array names are prefixed with a @-sign.e.g.:my @colors = (red,green,blue); foreach my $i(@colors) { print $i\n; } iii). Hashes: Hashes are an advanced form of array. One of the limitations of an array is that the information contained within it can be difficult to get to. For example, imagine that you have a list of people and their ages. The hash solves this problem very neatly by allowing us to access that @ages array not by an index, but by a scalar key. For example to use age of different people we can use thier names as key to define a hash. e) How are JSPs better than servlets. Java programming knowledge is needed todevelop and maintain all aspects of the application,since the processing code and the HTML elements are jumped together. Changing the look and feel of theapplication,or adding support for a new type of client, requires theservlet code to be updated and recompiled. Its hardto take advantage of web-page development tools whendesigning the application interface. If such tools areused to develop the web page layout, the generatedHTML must then be manually embedded into theservletcode, a process which is time consuming, error prone,and extremely boring. Adding JSP to the puzzle wesolvethese problems.So JSPs better than servlets.

Part - B

1. a) Explain GET and POST method with the help of an example. When a client sends a request to the server, theclients can also additional information with the URL todescribe what exactly is required as output from theserver by using the GET method. The additionalsequenceof characters that are appended to URL is called a querystring. However, the length of the query string islimited to 240 characters. Moreover, the query string isvisible on the browser and can therefore be a securityrisk.to overcome these disadvantages, the POST method can be used. The POST method sends the data as packetsthrough a separate socket connection. The completetransaction is invisible because to the client. Thedisadvantageof POST method is that it is slower compared to theGET method because data is sent to the server asseparate packets. b) Explain in detail the role played by CGI programming in web programming. CGI opened the gates of more complex Web applications. It enabled developers to write scripts, which can communicate with server applications and databases. In addition, it enables developers to write scripts that could also parse client's input, process it, and present it in a user friendly way. The Common Gateway Interface, or CGI, is a standard for external gateway programs to interface with information servers such as HTTP servers. A plain HTML document that the Web daemon retrieves is static, which means it exists in a constant state: a text file that doesn't change. A CGI program, on the other hand, is executed in real-time, so that it can output dynamic information. CGI programming allows us to automate passing information to and from web pages. It can also be used to capture and process that information, or pass it off to other software (such as in an SQL database). CGI programs (sometimes called scripts) can be written in any programming language, but the two most commonly used are Perl and PHP. Despite all the flashy graphics, Internet technology is fundamentally a text-based system. Perl was designed to be optimal for text processing, so it quickly became a popular CGI tool. PHP is a scripting language designed specifically to make web programming quick and easy. 2. a) With the help of an example explain the embedding of an image in an HTML tag. <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> <IMG SRC="Images/123.jpg" ALT="Image" /> </BODY> </HTML> b) Create a HTML page to demonstrate the usage of Anchor tags. <HTML> <HEAD></HEAD> <BODY> <A NAME=section2> <H2>A Cold Autumn Day</H2></A> If this anchor is in a file called "nowhere.htm," you could define a link that jumps to the anchor as follows: <P>Jump to the second section <A HREF="nowhere.htm#section2"> A Cold Autumn Day</A> in the mystery "A man from Nowhere." </BODY> </HTML> 3. a) Explain the usage of script tags. Using the SCRIPT Tag: The following example uses the SCRIPT tag to define a JavaScript script in the HEAD tag. The script is loaded before anything else in the document is loaded. The JavaScript code in this example defines a function, changeBGColor(), that changes the documents background color. The body of the document contains a form with two buttons. Each button invokes the changeBGColor() function to change the background of the document to a different color. <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Script Example</TITLE>

</HEAD> <SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> function changeBGColor (newcolor) { document.bgColor=newcolor; return false; } </SCRIPT> <BODY > <P>Select a background color:</P> <FORM> <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=blue onClick="changeBGColor('blue');"> <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=green onClick="changeBGColor('green');"> </FORM> <NOSCRIPT><I>Your browser is not JavaScript-enabled. These buttons will not work.</I> </NOSCRIPT> b) What is Java script? List the use of Java script. JavaScript is a scripting language (like a simple programming language). It is a language that can be used for client-side scripting. JavaScript is only usedinside of HTML documents. With JavaScript, we can make text scroll across the screen like ticker tape. The uses of JavaScript are: i). Control DocumentAppearance and Content ii). Control the Browser iii). Interact with Document Control iv). Interact withUser v). Read and Write Client State with Cookies vi). Interact with Applets vii). JavaScript is only usedinside of HTML documents. 4. a) With the help of an example explain any five CGI environment variables. i). SERVER_NAME : The server's host name or IP address. ii). SERVER_PORT : The port number of the host on which the server is running. iii). SERVER_SOFTWARE : The name and version of the server software that is answering the client request. iv). SERVER_PROTOCOL : The name and revision of the information protocol that request came in with. v). GATEWAY_INTERFACE : The revision of the common gateway interface that the server uses. Example:#!/usr/local/bin/perl print "Content-type: text/html", "\n\n"; print "<HTML>", "\n"; print "<HEAD><TITLE>About this Server</TITLE></HEAD>", "\n"; print "<BODY><H1>About this Server</H1>", "\n"; print "<HR><PRE>"; print "Server Name: ", $ENV{'SERVER_NAME'}, "<BR>", "\n"; print "Running on Port: ", $ENV{'SERVER_PORT'}, "<BR>", "\n"; print "Server Software: ", $ENV{'SERVER_SOFTWARE'}, "<BR>", "\n"; print "Server Protocol: ", $ENV{'SERVER_PROTOCOL'}, "<BR>", "\n"; print "CGI Revision: ", $ENV{'GATEWAY_INTERFACE'}, "<BR>", "\n"; print "<HR></PRE>", "\n"; print "</BODY></HTML>", "\n"; exit (0);

b) Write a CGI application which accepts three numbers from the used and display biggest number using GET and POST methods. #!/usr/bin/perl #print "Content-type:text/html\n\n"; #$form = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};

use CGI; $cgi = new CGI; print $cgi->header; print $cgi->start_html( "Question Ten" ); my $one = $cgi->param( 'one' ); my $two = $cgi->param( 'two' ); my $three = $cgi->param( 'three' ); if( $one && $two && $three ) { $lcm = &findLCM( &findLCM( $one, $two ), $three ); print "LCM is $lcm"; } else { print ' '; print 'Enter First Number '; print 'Enter Second Number '; print 'Enter Third Number '; print ' '; print " "; } print $cgi->end_html; sub findLCM(){ my $x = shift; my $y = shift; my $temp, $ans; if ($x < $y) { $temp = $y; $y = $x; $x = $temp; } $ans = $y; $temp = 1; while ($ans % $x) { $ans = $y * $temp; $temp++ ; } return $ans; } 5. a) List the differences between web server and application server. The main differences between Web servers and application servers :A Web server is where Web components are deployed and run. An application server is where components that implement the business logic are deployed. For example, in a JSP-EJB Web application, the JSP pages will be deployed on the Web server whereas the EJB components will be deployed on the application servers. A Web server usually supports only HTTP (and sometimes SMTP and FTP). However, an application server supports HTTP as well as various other protocols such as SOAP. In other word :Difference between AppServer and a Web server :i). Webserver serves pages for viewing in web browser, application server provides exposes

businness logic for client applications through various protocols ii). Webserver exclusively handles http requests.application server serves bussiness logic to application programs through any number of protocols. iii). Webserver delegation model is fairly simple,when the request comes into the webserver,it simply passes the request to the program best able to handle it(Server side program). It may not support transactions and database connection pooling. iv). Application server is more capable of dynamic behaviour than webserver. We can also configure application server to work as a webserver.Simply applic! ation server is a superset of webserver. b) What is a war file? Explain its importance. WAR or Web Application Archive file is packaged servlet Web application. Servlet applications are usually distributed as a WAR files. WAR file (which stands for "web application_ archive" ) is a JAR_ file used to distribute a collection of JavaServer Pages_ , servlets_ , Java_ classes_ , XML_ files, tag libraries and static Web pages ( HTML_ and related files) that together constitute a Web application. 6. a) Explain implicit objects out, request response in a JSP page. Following are the implicit objects in a JSP page:out: This implicit object represents a JspWriter that provides a stream back to the requesting client. The most common method of this object is out.println(),which prints text that will be displayed in the client's browser request: This implicit object represents the javax.servlet.HttpServletRequest interface. The request object is associated with every HTTP request. One common use of the request object is to access request parameters. You can do this by calling the request object's getParameter() method with the parameter name you are seeking. It will return a string with the values matching the named parameter. response: This implicit object represents the javax.servlet.HttpServletRequest object. The response object is used to pass data back to the requesting client. A common use of this object is writing HTML output back to the client browser. b) With the help of an example explain JSP elements. JSP elements are of 3 types:Directive: Specifies information about the page itself that remains the same between requests. For example, it can be used to specify whether session tracking is required or not, buffering requirements, and the name of the page that should be used to report errors. <%@ page/include/taglib %> Action: Performs some action based on information that is required at the exact time the JSP page is requested by a browser. An action, for instance, can access parameters sent with the request to lookup a database. Scripting: Allows you to add small pieces of code in JSP page.

KU 5TH SEM PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

Set 1
//1. Open an Image. And separate background using selection tool. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select image ->click open Step 4: click on magic wand tool from tool menu Step 5: select on background of the image using magic wand tool Step 6: press delete on keyboard Step 7: go to file menu -> save as Step 8: select JPEG format Step 9: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. Write a JSP page to display the number of hits to this page. (Hint: use application scope of java bean). <%@ page session="false" %> <HTML>

<HEAD> <TITLE>Page Counter Using URL Rewriting</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H3>Page Counter Using URL Rewriting</H3> <% int count = 0; String parm = request.getParameter("count"); if (parm != null) count = Integer.parseInt(parm); if (count == 0) { %> This is the first time you have accessed this page. <% } else if (count == 1) { %> You have accessed the page once before.<% } else { %> You have accessed the page <%= count %> times before.<% } %> <P> Click <A HREF="urlrewriting.jsp?count=<%=count + 1 %>" >here</A> to visit the page again. </BODY> </HTML>

Set 2
//1. Using pencil tool create an image of landscape, and color it with Brush tool. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: click file menu -> new -> select size -> press OK Step 3: in dialog box, click on preset -> select landscape in size box -> press OK Step 4: click on pencil tool in tool menu Step 5: draw an image in landscape using pencil tool Step 6: right click on pencil tool and select brush tool Step 7: using brush tool, fill the color in landscape image Step 8: go to file menu -> save as Step 9: select JPEG format Step 10: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. Create an HTML page containing the following features a. Create a login JSP page with username, password and submit button. b. On submit, display message Thank you for logging in also create cookies to store username and password. c. Open login JSP page on a new browser. If the cookie is present the username and password field should be automatically populated with the values from the cookie. <%@page contentType="text/html"%> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <center> <form action="next.jsp" method="post"> Please Enter Your Detials !<br> First Name <input type="text" name="firstname"><br> Last Name <input type="text" name="lastname"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">

</form> </center> </body> </html> Next.jsp <%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>JSP Page</title> </head> <body> <% String firstname=request.getParameter("firstname"); String lastname=request.getParameter("lastname"); out.println("<font color=blue>Welcome</font> %> </body> </html> "+firstname+" "+lastname+" Thank you for loging in!");

Set 3
//1. Write a JSP program to display current date and time and suitable welcome message. a. If time is between 5AM and 12 PM display welcome message as Good Morning b. If time is between 12 PM and 5 PM display welcome message as Good Afternoon c. After 5PM display message as Good evening. <%@page language="java"%> <html> <head> <title>Welcome</title> </head> <body> <h1> <% java.util.Date d=new java.util.Date(); int time=d.getHours(); if(time>5 && time<12) out.println("\n Good Morning !"); esle if(time>12 && time<17) out.println("\n Good Afternoon !"); else if(time>17) out.println("\n Good Evening !"); %> </h1> current time is :<%=d.getHours()%>:<%=d.getMinutes()%> </body> </html> //2. Using Rubberstamp tool, create a clone image Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select image -> click open Step 4: select rubberstamp tool from tool menu Step 5: press ALT then left click on image to begin Step 6: click on the image and drag where you want to make clone of that image Step 7: go to file -> save as

Step 8: select JPEG format Step 9: enter file name -> click SAVE

Set 4
//1. Using Gradient tool, create some backgrounds for photos. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> new -> select size -> press ok Step 3: select gradient tool from tool menu Step 4: choose gradient (linear/ radial/ angle/ diamond) from option toolbar Step 5: press left click on mouse then drag on image to create gradient Step 6: go to file -> save as Step 7: select JPEG format Step 8: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. .Create an HTML page containing the following features a. A combo box containing the list of 7 colors: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red b. Depending upon the color selected from the above combo box, the message in the status bar of the window must be reflect the value selected in the combo box (hint: on change event of the combo box). <html> <head> <title>Showing Message in Status Bar</title> </head> <body> <script language="JavaScript"> functionfn() { num=document.frm.vibgyor.selectedIndex; if(num==0) { window.status="You have selected Violet."; } if(num==1) { window.status="You have selected Indigo."; } if(num==2) { window.status="You have selected Blue."; } if(num==3) { window.status="You have selected Green."; } if(num==4) { window.status="You have selected Yellow."; } if(num==5) { window.status="You have selected Orange."; } if(num==6) { window.status="You have selected Red."; } } </script>

<form name="frm"> <select name="vibgyor" onChange=fn()><option>Violet</option> <option>Indigo</option> <option>Blue</option> <option>Green</option> <option>Yellow</option> <option>Orang</option> <option>Red</option> </select> </form> </body> </html>

Set 5
//1. Create an HTML page containing the following features a. A combo box containing the list of 7 colors: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red b. An empty 1X1 table with default background color: White c. Depending upon the color selected from the above combo box, the background of the table must be changed accordingly. (hint: on change event of the combo box). <html> <head> <title> Changing Table Color by selecting color from the ComboBox </title> </head> <body> <script language= "JavaScript"> functionfn() { num=document.frm.vibgyor.selectedIndex; if(num==0) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Violet"; } if(num==1) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Indigo"; } if(num==2) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Blue"; } if(num==3) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Green"; } if(num==4) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Yellow"; } if(num==5) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Orange"; } if(num==6) { document.getElementById("tab").bgColor="Red"; } } </script>

<form name="frm"> <select name="vibgyor" onChange=fn()> <option>Violet</option> <option>Indigo</option> <option>Blue</option> <option>Green</option> <option>Yellow</option> <option>Orange</option> <option>Red</option> </select><br><br><br><br> <table id="tab" border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Registration Number</th> </tr> <tr> <td>priyanka rani</td> <td>072B5725</td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> //2. Import a JPEG format image and save it as a PSD image, using layer options Decrease the opacity of image. Tips: Ctrl + Shift + S = save as window Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select a JPEG image -> click open Step 4: go to layer -> new -> click on layer from background Step 5: enter layer name in dialog box -> press OK Step 6: press F7 then decrease opacity Step 7: go to file -> save as Step 8: select PSD format Step 9: enter file name -> click SAVE

Set 6
//1. Open a PORTRAIT image, convert it into grayscale. Now color the image Using COLOR BALANCE, LEVELS and CURVES Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select a portrait JPEG image ->click open Step 4: go to image -> mode -> click on Grayscale Step 5: click discard in message box Step 6: go to image -> adjustments -> image -> click on curves Step 7: adjust curves -> press OK Step 8: go to file -> save as Step 9: select JPEG format Step 10: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. Write a HTML page containing an HTML form to capture the following properties from the user: a. Name (text box) b. Address (text area) c. Phone (text box) Write javascript functions

a. to validate Name to contain only alphabets and of maximum length should be 25 ; Show appropriate messages on failure b. to validate Address field to contain maximum length of 200 characters; Show appropriate on failure and focus the Address field text area c. to validate phone number to contain only numeric data; show appropriate messages on failure <html> <head> <title> HTML form </title> <Script language="javaScript"> function f() { var name=document.f1.Name.value; var phone=document.f1.Phone.value; var address=document.f1.Address.value; if(name.length=="") { alert("Please enter name"); name.focus(); return; } if (name.length> 25) { alert("Name Field cannot contain more than 25 characters"); name.focus(); return; } if (!isNaN(name)) { alert("Name field must be filled with only Alphabets"); name.focus(); return; } if(phone.length=="") { alert("Please enter phone numbar"); phone.focus(); return; } if (isNaN(phone)) { alert("Phone Number must be numeric"); phone.focus(); return; } if(address.length=="") { alert("Please enter address"); address.focus(); return; } if (address.length> 200) { alert("Address Field can contain maximum of 200 character");

} } </script> </head> <body bgcolor="pink"> <marquee><h1 align="center">A Sample FORM </h1></marquee> <form name=f1> Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=textbox name="Name"><br> Phone:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=textbox name="Phone"><br> Address:&nbsp;&nbsp;<textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="Address"></textarea><BR> <input type=Button name=''Button" value ="Submit" onclick=f()> </form> </body> </html>

Set 7
//1. Create two HTML pages a. First page with the following features i. An image(logo) with a company name as the heading in the top center ii. This page containing an HTML form, two text boxes to get First Name, Second Name of the user iii. A submit button to the submit the data to the next page b. The Second page receives the data submitted by the First Page, displays the following message Welcome <Last Name>, <First Name> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <center><img src="NIITLogo.jpg"></center> <center> <form action="ToShowDataToAnotherPage" method="post"> Please Enter Your Detials !<br> First Name <input type="text" name="firstname"><br> Last Name <input type="text" name="lastname"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit"> </form> </center> </body> </html> ToShowDataToAnotherPage servlet import java.io.*; import java.net.*; importjavax.servlet.*; importjavax.servlet.http.*; public class ToShowDataToAnotherPage extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String firstname=request.getParameter("firstname"); String lastname=request.getParameter("lastname"); out.println("<font color=blue>Welcome</font> "+firstname+" "+lastname);

} } //2. Open a portrait, select the eyeballs using marquee tool, and now change the color of eyes using Hue / saturation. Tips: Ctrl + U = Hue / saturation Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select image ->click open Step 4: click on marquee tool from tool menu Step 5: select eyeball from the image using marquee tool Step 6: press CTRL+U Step 7: adjust HUE AND SATURATION from dialog box -> press OK Step 8: go to file -> save as Step 9: select JPEG format Step 10: enter file name -> click SAVE

Set 8
//1. Open 3 to 4 images in a same layer. Using filter effects create creative backgrounds for book cover page. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> new -> select background size -> press OK Step 3: go to filter -> noise -> add noise Step 4: adjust amount in noise dialog box -> press OK Step 5: go to file menu -> open Step 6: select 3-4 images -> click open Step 7: select images, copy and paste them in background one by one Step 8: go to file -> save as Step 9: select JPEG format Step 10: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. Create a HTML page to display a list of film songs available in the library. The following are features of the page a. The name of the songs must be hyper linked to the songs, so that the users must be able to download songs. b. The following is the song database available in the library: c. Library Name: Hariharan Music Site Slno Song Name Film Artiste 1 PATA-PATA Apthamitra Udith Narayan 2 Kana Kanade Apthamitra Madhubalakrishna 3 Anku Donku Apthamitra S P Balasubramanyam 4 Kalavanu Thadeyoru Apthamitra Hariharan 5 Bombe Anayya Unknown <html> <head> <tittle> Hiriharan Songs Site </title> </head> <body> <marquee><font color = blue><b>Welcome to Hariharan's Songs Site</b></font></marquee> <center> <table border=1> <tr> <th>S.No.</th> <th>Song Name</th> <th>Film</th> <th>Artist</th> <tr> <tr>

<td>1.</td> <td><a href="song1.html">Patta-Patta</a></td> <td>Apthamitra</td> <td>Udit Narayan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td><a href="song2.html">Kana Kanede</a></td> <td>Apthamitra</td> <td>Madhubalakirishna</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td><a href="song3.html">AnkuDonku</a></td> <td>Apthamitra</td> <td>S P Balasupramanniyam</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><a href="song4.html">Bombay</a></td> <td>Anaya</td> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> </table> </center> </body> </html>

Set 9
//1. Create an HTML page to display the following data using <table></table> tags First Name Last Name City Phone Number Shiva Rama Mysore 08212569964 Pratap S Bangalore 08025689754 Sreenivas G Mercara 08965445454 <html> <head> </head> <tittle> Data Table </title> <body> <table border=1> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>City</th> <th>Phone Number</th> <tr> <tr> <td>Shiva</td> <td>Rama</td> <td>Mysore</td> <td>08212569964</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pratap</td>

<td>S</td> <td>Bangalore</td> <td>08025689754</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shrinivas</td> <td>G</td> <td>Mercara</td> <td>08965445454</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> //2. Open an image and adjust a level of image. Tips: Ctrl + L = level Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select an image -> click open Step 4: go to image -> adjustments -> click on level or press ctrl + l Step 5: adjust level -> press OK Step 6: go to file -> save as Step 7: select JPEG format Step 8: enter file name -> click SAVE

Set 10
//1. Write HTML script to display Hello World, Welcome to the world of HTML. Put the title as World of HTML <html> <head> </head> <title> Welcome to the world of HTML </title> <body> <i>"Hello World</i><b>Welcome to the world of HTML"</b> </body> </html> //2. Change an image size 22 cm x 29 cm to 44 cm x 58 cm. and resolution 72 to 300. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> open Step 3: select an image with 22 cm x 29 cm size -> click open Step 4: go to image -> image size Step 5: change image size to 44 cm x 58 cm size with 100 resolutions -> press OK Step 6: go to file -> save as Step 7: select JPEG format Step 8: enter file name -> click SAVE

Set 11
//1. Create some geometrical shapes, using shape tool. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> new -> select size -> press OK Step 3: click on custom shape tool from tool menu Step 4: click on custom shape picker in options toolbar

Step 5: click on smart tag -> select all then click append Step 6: choose shape from option toolbar Step 7: left click on background and drag mouse to draw shape Step 8: go to file -> save as Step 9: select JPEG format Step 10: enter file name -> click Save

Set 12
//1. Type text GRADATION and apply gradient tool on text. Step 1: run Photoshop Step 2: go to file menu -> new -> select size -> click OK Step 3: click on text from tool menu Step 4: type text GRADATION Step 5: click on layer from layer property Step 6: right click on selected layer and click on blending options Step 7: click and check on gradient overlay Step 8: adjust gradient or change angle to 0o -> then press OK Step 9: go to file menu -> save as Step 10: select JPEG format Step 11: enter file name -> click SAVE //2. Create an HTML page to display the following data using <table></table> tags First Name Last Name City Phone Number Shiva Rama Mysore 08212569964 Pratap S Bangalore 08025689754 Sreenivas G Mercara 08965445454 <html> <head> </head> <tittle> Data Table </title> <body> <table border=1> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>City</th> <th>Phone Number</th> <tr> <tr> <td>Shiva</td> <td>Rama</td> <td>Mysore</td> <td>08212569964</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pratap</td> <td>S</td> <td>Bangalore</td> <td>08025689754</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shrinivas</td> <td>G</td> <td>Mercara</td> <td>08965445454</td>

</tr> </table> </body> </html>

Set 13
//1. Write C Program to create Indian Flag. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> #include<graphics.h> const float PI=3.14154; void main() { int gdriver=DETECT,gmode=0; int I; Int x,y; initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); cleardevice(); rectangle(0,0,639,479); outtextxy(250,20,"INDIAN FLAG"); rectangle(80,50,560,380); line(80,160,560,160); line(80,270,560,270); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED); floodfill(85,60,getmaxcolor()); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE); floodfill(85,170,getmaxcolor()); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN); floodfill(85,280,getmaxcolor()); setcolor(BLUE); circle(320,215,50); for(I=0;I<=360;I+=15) { x=50*cos(I*PI/180); y=50*sin(I*PI/180); line(320,215,320+x,215-y); } setcolor(CYAN); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,6); outtextxy(200,400," JAI HIND!!!" ) ; getch(); } //2. Write C Program to create FISH structure using basic geometric Functions. #include<graphics.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<conio.h> #include<dos.h> void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm,i,j,p,q,x,y,k,flag; struct arccoordstype arcinfo; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); y=getmaxy()/2; i=0;

p=0; q=0; j=0; flag=0; setcolor(WHITE); for(k=0;k<500;k++) putpixel(random(620),random(419),15); while(!kbhit()) { line(0+i,y+20,0+i,y-20); /*triangle*/ line(0+i,y+20,20+i,y); line(0+i,y-20,20+i,y); ellipse(80+i,y,10-p,350+p,60,25); line(140+i,y+3,130+i,y+8); line(130+i,y+8,140+i,y-5); if(flag==0) p=p+2; if(flag==1) p=p-2; circle(120+i,y-6,5); line(60+i,y-25,30+i,y-45+j); line(30+i,y-45+j,100+i,y-25); line(60+i,y+25,30+i,y+45+q); line(30+i,y+45+q,100+i,y+25); i=i+3; if(i>=638) i=0; if(flag==0) j=j-2,q=q+2; if(flag==1) j=j+2,q=q-2; if(j<=-10) flag=1; else if(j>=0) flag=0; delay(10); cleardevice(); } getch(); closegraph(); }

Set 14
//1. Write Open GL Program to create a Window and display HELLO inside. #include<GL/glut.h> void display(void) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);

glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex3f(0.25,0.25,0.25); glVertex3f(0.75,0.25,0.0); glVertex3f(0.75,0.75,0.0); glVertex3f(0.25,0.75,0.0); glEnd(); glFlush(); } Void init(void) { glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0); } Int main(int argc,char**argv) { glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(250,250); glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutCreateWindow(HELLO); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } //2. Create a simple static web page for a college (assume necessary information) <html> <head> <title>My College Site</title> </head> <body bgcolor="gray" text="white" > <div id="banner" style="width:800px; height:120px; background-color:black"> <img src="file:///C:/banner.gif" width=800 height=120></div> <div id="header" style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:30px; width:350px; height:75px"> <div><h1><font color="red" face="Monotype corsiva">My College Site</font></h1></div> </div> <div id="header" style="position:absolute; background-color:black; top:135px; width:200px; height:500px"> <ul id="listitem" type="circle"> <li><a href=abc.html target="_self">Home</a></li> <li><a href="Sitemap.html">Sitemap<a></li> <li><a href="About.html">About Us<a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="header" style="position:absolute; background-color:black; left:215px; top:135px; width:590px; height:500px"> <h3><font color="red">Online Admission</font></h3> <form id="frm1"> Enter your name: <input type="text" id="text1" /> <br/><br/> Gender: <input type="radio" id="gender1" name="gend" />Male <input type="radio" id="gender1" name="gend" />Female <br/><br/> Qualification: Matric<input type="checkbox" id="check1" /> Enter<input type="checkbox" id="check1" /><br/><br/> <input type="reset" value="Reset" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" post="" /><br/><br/> </form>

</div> </body> </html>

KU 6TH SEM PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

Set -1
1. Write a program for frame sorting technique used in buffers. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> struct frame { int fslno; char finfo[20]; }; struct frame arr[10]; int n; void sort() { int i,j,ex; struct frame temp; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { ex=0; for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++) if(arr[j].fslno>arr[j+1].fslno) { temp=arr[j]; arr[j]=arr[j+1]; arr[j+1]=temp; ex++; } if(ex==0) break; } } void main() { int i; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter the number of frames \n"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { arr[i].fslno=random(50); printf("\n Enter the frame contents for sequence number %d\n",arr[i].fslno); scanf("%s",arr[i].finfo); } sort(); printf("\n The frames in sequence \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++) printf("\n %d\t%s \n",arr[i].fslno,arr[i].finfo); getch(); } 2. Write a program in C# using command line arguments to display a welcome message. The message has to be supplied as input in the command line. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { args = new string[1]; Console.Write("Enter Message Here: "); args[0] = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("\n" + args[0]); Console.ReadLine(); } } }

Set -2
1. Write a program for distance vector algorithm to find suitable path for transmission. #include<stdio.h> #define MAX 10 struct dist_vect { int dist[MAX]; int from[MAX]; }; int main() { int adj[MAX][MAX],n,i,j,hop[10][10]={{0}},k,count; struct dist_vect arr[10]; printf("Enter the number of nodes\n"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("Enter adjecency matrix\n"); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=0;j<n;j++) scanf("%d",&adj[i][j]); } for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{ for(j=0;j<n;j++) { arr[i].dist[j]=adj[i][j]; arr[i].from[j]=j; } } count=0; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=0;j<n;j++) { for(k=0;k<n;k++) { if(arr[i].dist[j]>adj[i][k]+arr[k].dist[j]) { arr[i].dist[j]=adj[i][k]+arr[k].dist[j]; arr[i].from[j]=k; count++; if(count==0)hop[i][j]=1; else hop[i][j]=count+hop[k][j]; } } count=0; } } for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("State value of router under %d",i+1); printf("\nNode\tvia node\tdistance\tnumber of hops\n"); for(j=0;j<n;j++) { if(i==j) printf("\n%d\t%d\t%d\n",j+1,arr[i].from[j]+1,arr[i].dist[j]); else printf("\n%d\t%d\t\t%d\t\t%d\n",j+1,arr[i].from[j]+1,arr[i].dist[j],hop[i][j]+1); } } } 2. Write a program to demonstrate the usage of threads in C#. using System; using System.Threading; namespace ConsoleApplication4 { class Program {

static void Main() { Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(A)); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(B)); thread1.Start(); thread2.Start(); thread1.Join(); thread2.Join(); } static void A() { Thread.Sleep(100); Console.WriteLine('A'); } static void B() { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine('B'); } } }

Set -3
1. Write a program for simple RSA/DES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the data. #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> double min(double x, double y) { return(x<y?x:y); } double max(double x,double y) { return(x>y?x:y); } double gcd(double x,double y) { if(x==y) return(x); else return(gcd(min(x,y),max(x,y)-min(x,y))); } long double modexp(long double a,long double x,long double n) { long double r=1; while(x>0) {

if ((int)(fmodl(x,2))==1) { r=fmodl((r*a),n); } a=fmodl((a*a),n); x/=2; } return(r); } int main() { long double p,q,phi,n,e,d,cp,cq,dp,dq,mp,mq,sp,sq,rp,rq,qInv,h; long double ms,es,ds; do { printf("\n Enter prime numbers p and q:"); scanf(" %Lf %Lf",&p,&q); } while(p==q); n=p*q; phi=(p-1)*(q-1); do { printf("\n Enter prime value of e:"); scanf(" %Lf",&e); } while((gcd(e,phi)!=1)&&e>phi); for(d=1;d<phi;++d) { if(fmod((e*d),phi)==1) break; } printf("\n D within main = %Lf",d); printf("\n Enter the message:"); scanf(" %Lf",&ms); es=modexp(ms,e,n); ds=modexp(es,d,n); printf("\n Original Message : %Lf",ms); printf("\n Encrypted Message : %Lf",es); printf("\n Decrypted Message : %Lf\n",ds); return(0); } 2. Using Try, Catch and Finally blocks write a program in C# to demonstrate error handling. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program

{ static void Main(string[] args) { int i, j, divide = 0; i = 10; j = 0; try { divide = i / j; } catch (DivideByZeroException) { divide = 0; } finally { Console.WriteLine(divide); } Console.ReadLine(); } } }

Set -4
1. Write a program for Spanning Tree Algorithm (PRIM) to find loop less path. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #define MAX 20 #define INFINITY 999 #include<conio.h> enum boolean {FALSE,TRUE}; void prim(int c[][MAX],int t[MAX],int n); int mincost=0; int main() { int n,c[MAX][MAX],t[2*(MAX-1)]; int i,j; clrscr(); printf("\nTo find min path spanning tree"); printf("\nEnter no of nodes:"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\nEnter the cost adjacency matrix"); for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(j=0;j<n;j++) scanf("%d",&c[i][j]); prim(c,t,n);

for(i=0;i<2*(n-1);i+=2) printf("\n(%d %d)",t[i]+1,t[i+1]+1); printf("\nmincost=%d",mincost); getch(); return 0; } //using prim's algorithm for finding shortest path void prim(int c[][MAX],int t[MAX],int n) { int i,j; enum boolean v[MAX]; int k,s,min,v1,v2; for(i=0;i<n;i++) v[i]=FALSE; v[0]=TRUE; k=0; t[k]=1; s=0; k++; while(k<n) { min=INFINITY; for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(j=1;j<n;j++) if(v[i]==TRUE && v[j]==FALSE && c[i][j]<min) { min=c[i][j]; v1=i; v2=j; } mincost=mincost+min; if(min==INFINITY) { printf("graph disconnected"); exit(0); } v[v2]=TRUE; k++; t[s++]=v1; t[s++]=v2; } } 2. Write a program in C# to demonstrate operator overloading. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication4 { class Program

{ static void Main() { Widget w = new Widget(); w++; Console.WriteLine(w._value); w++; Console.WriteLine(w._value); Widget g = new Widget(); g++; Console.WriteLine(g._value); Widget t = w + g; Console.WriteLine(t._value); } } class Widget { public int _value; public static Widget operator +(Widget a, Widget b) { Widget widget = new Widget(); widget._value = a._value + b._value; return widget; } public static Widget operator ++(Widget w) { w._value++; return w; } } }

Set -5
1. Write a program in C# to sort the students list based on their names. The students list is stored in a string array. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication4 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string[] students = { "Vikash", "Bhushan", "Deepak", "Tapas", "Suresh", "Avinash" };

Array arr = students; Array.Sort(arr); foreach (string item in arr) { Console.WriteLine(item); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } 2. Write a C# Program to demonstrate use of Virtual and override Key words in C#. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ChildClass cc = new ChildClass(); cc.Display(); Console.ReadLine(); } } class ParentClass { public virtual void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Base Class"); } } class ChildClass:ParentClass { public override void Display() { base.Display(); Console.WriteLine("Derived Class"); } } }

Set -6
1. Write a program in C# , create a class called rectangle which consists of members side_1, side_2 and displayArea(). Write another class square which inherits class rectangle. Take side of square as input and display the area of square on console using System;

namespace ConsoleApplication4 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { square sq = new square(); sq.displayArea(); Console.ReadLine(); } } class rectangle { public int side_1 = 10; public int side_2 = 20; public virtual void displayArea() { Console.WriteLine("Area of Rectangle is: " + side_1 * side_2); } } class square:rectangle { public override void displayArea() { Console.WriteLine("Area of Square is: " + side_1 * side_1); } } }

2. Write a program to multiply two matrices. #include<stdio.h> int main(){ int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,sum=0,m,n,o,p; printf("\nEnter the row and column of first matrix"); scanf("%d %d",&m,&n); printf("\nEnter the row and column of second matrix"); scanf("%d %d",&o,&p); if(n!=o){ printf("Matrix mutiplication is not possible"); printf("\nColumn of first matrix must be same as row of second matrix"); } else{ printf("\nEnter the First matrix->"); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<n;j++) scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("\nEnter the Second matrix->"); for(i=0;i<o;i++) for(j=0;j<p;j++) scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); printf("\nThe First matrix is\n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++){ printf("\n"); for(j=0;j<n;j++){ printf("%d\t",a[i][j]); } } printf("\nThe Second matrix is\n"); for(i=0;i<o;i++){ printf("\n"); for(j=0;j<p;j++){ printf("%d\t",b[i][j]); } } for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<p;j++) c[i][j]=0; for(i=0;i<m;i++){ //row of first matrix for(j=0;j<p;j++){ //column of second matrix sum=0; for(k=0;k<n;k++) sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j]; c[i][j]=sum; } } } printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrix is\n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++){ printf("\n"); for(j=0;j<p;j++){ printf("%d\t",c[i][j]); } } return 0; }

Set -7
1. Write a C# program to demonstrate handling of server control programs. In order to create new ASP.NET Server Control, use File New Project from Visual Studio 2008 menu to open the New Project dialog box. From the Web project type, choose ASP.NET Server Control. Code Behind File For ServerControl1.cs :-

using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Web; System.Web.UI; System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace FirstServerControl { [DefaultProperty("Text")] [ToolboxData("<{0}:ServerControl1 runat=server></{0}:ServerControl1>")] public class ServerControl1 : WebControl { [Bindable(true)] [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue("")] [Localizable(true)] public string Text { get { String s = (String)ViewState["Text"]; return ((s == null) ? "[" + this.ID + "]" : s); } set { ViewState["Text"] = value; } } protected override void RenderContents(HtmlTextWriter output) { output.Write(Text); } } } 2. Write a program to display a message Welcome to ASP.NET 8 times in increasing order of their font size using ASP.NET. <%@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="WebApplication9.WebForm1" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" > <html> <head> <title>WebForm1</title>

<meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1"> <meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#"> <meta name=vs_defaultClientScript content="JavaScript"> <meta name=vs_targetSchema content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5"> </head> <body MS_POSITIONING="GridLayout"> <form id="Form2" method="post" runat="server"> <%for(int i=0;i<8;i++){%> <font size="<%=i%>">Welcome to ASP.NET ASHISH</font><br/></font> <%}%> </form> </body> </html>