Faisal Amjad CPS 422

CPS 422 Categories of Multiple Access Protocols

Computer Networks Multiple Access Protocols

DATA LINK LAYER Random Access Controlled Access Channelization

MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL Multiple Access Reservation FDMA

CSMA Polling TDMA

CSMA / CD Token Passing CDMA

CSMA / CA

Faisal Amjad CPS 422

Faisal Amjad CPS 422 Faisal Amjad CPS 422

Reservation Protocol
‰Stations need to make reservation before
sending data
‰Time is divided into intervals or slots
Reservation Protocols ‰Reservation always precedes data transmission
‰For N stations, there are N Reservation mini-
slots
‰Each mini-slot belongs to a station
‰When a station has to send data it makes a
reservation in its own mini-slot
‰After the reservation mini slots have finished,
stations that have made reservations can send
data sequentially

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Reservation Access Method

Reservation Reservation
Slot Slot

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
POLLING
Data Data Data Data
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
station 1 station 3 station 5 station 2

Station 3’s Station 2’s

mini-slot mini-slot

Time

1
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Polling SELECT
Primary
A B

‰Polling works where link is in un-balanced mode

i.e. with stations designated as primary and
secondary
‰All data exchanges are made through the SEL

primary station even if destination is a ACK

secondary DATA

‰Primary is always the initiator of a session as it ACK

controls the link
‰Two modes Select and Poll
Time Time

• Select mode is used when Primary has data to send

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POLL
Primary
A B

TOKEN PASSING
Poll

NACK

Poll

Data

ACK

Time Time

• Poll mode is used when Primary Solicits data from secondary stations

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TOKEN PASSING Token Passing Network
‰Token is a special Frame which gives the holder
station the “Right to Transmit”
‰All stations are organized in a ring A B C D

‰Frames are passed from the Predecessor to the

successor after a specified time interval
‰When there is no data to be sent the token Circulating Token
circulates around the ring
‰Whenever a station has data to send, it waits
for a token to arrive
‰Station then captures the token and keeps
transmitting data until allocated time for H G F E

keeping the token expires Successor of station G Predecessor of station G

‰After the specified time the token must be

passed on to the successor

2
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Token Passing Procedure Start

Wait for Token

Capture Token

No
Yes
Allocated time
expired Send frame Data to Send

Yes No

Release Token

Stop