ARTAND THEMOVING IMAGE

A CRITICAL READER

EDITEDBY TANYALEIGHTON

r.f an and c,irJIn h,is had J snr.r nr r,ance F.,1 rr Fas l t f t y y . rrs rh c o v rrh . b iil, ' r s . . a a n d p o r. J rrs p . is e s y we und e rn , in . 1 )! r . i9 r T h rsb rDk rrr. e s the sr 'y Ionr eafv spJ!.r .rperm nls wrh I c ol p rore . le d rn n q . s n n ru s u n r\i. n s J . re s w hy hi r r r ,crcbc.n r lrn, b rrrc cin e n r. rc n rrn t e ' n p o ra ry rn ) Wh n t n 'rq f wh .n ir s h n s rr. N rrre b la c k b . i n , rl' e wh r. [ !ng. o,c rrrd l oni nr ed'r nr oi I m pJ nr n q .,ra s.ulliu rc ), 4 n a rd rt e Mo , n 9 / a a s c ! rrh . rs ,nd rh ror s rs n c u a r(r c o rq o A q rn rrrrr. B c n r, C o o r . S erse Daney R.\,' fd K r ru s s , MrrrT o L a z z a ra ro . r(l P d e r n tro d u c t o n r. I r' c o f rp le x n o d o r rn ri.l rhlr rrcrecr,ad nraqe nI |orh srudenrs rfn I An tnd'speFsabte grnic ta the piratal nle .t the rar)ng r\,s. N thrn .antenpataty atl

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TATE

D E L E UZE ' TIM S E, H OW THE OF CINE M A TI C C H A NGE S OU8 IDEAO F A R T

B.nj.nin beginshis grea.1934c$.y on mehanical F sdudion qh thir qu.*ion..rbe problemw.s not 3onuch wh81h.rcinemais an d, h.rped rmsfon wharm think d is, rnd in p,rti.urr h@ one think in rhe ft or *ith rhe atu, Foi B.nj.hin, thd prcblen ofrh. cin nati. ss .h.dy inseprnbl. trcn dr *hoL quesrion,,r orce ..$h.tic anil political, s indn$i.l .udicvlsu.l n.ans ol filh w. hi3ht thinl ofcill.s Deldze rs t*ing up d s quedio. ag,i. sfrer wond w.r nj sheb rh.n ,r@ bor sinply . cinen. in Fhnce 6ut .lso 'ew Tbe uphea%l no r9lesof thinkinS-. n@'inage ol rhoqhr', in s.neml seDsibq $artollMdrbekrK inkjnglirh film anil prcj.dion, ,[h. sln 1in. * thde in other domainssbded to inEnr clated ideas,.Earins trh.g!. Deleue,r M rcrunc on oflhh orsellatjob, to isol.! tne norioN oI inur! rp.ce snd rin tht inhlEd and 3o3hd the dturinc.iE mys 6rm rEle6 took pd iD hB l.Brr blurion jn rhoughr. EEn thouShDeldze vd hturbdy ol cinem in th. 193.s,the bsic philosoPhicdnotionr he ues go b difrernceinsennB.rymn,wft.nrtrrin sh.nA,i.R.sDiswlsnlkjng v,n ood (1943), his gE.r d{dy ot the.dbrs iuiclde,.s deun.'uri6lik ren rs, orcou6e, xigni adtqg (19ss).rhs 6lms eo'nd phy, k r ml. in rh. cih.n,rogEphic imrgp i3 ba.i in rh. pr.enf.' Del.uz. thdSht Resnai3

ruthe$withrhnprhlipk for,inhisdocun ntrnes hadperhao!sonethe prn, tiontorthem,ibriorrcndering, violen(, iiieducibleornlonesnemory,r.y rt once indetemnDG,trd

signs rnd imsg$ incinen' i.thin poblem in pon w.rphilosophyand in hn philosophyi thepobl molthe

wo*oLtr nN rogi.of clcnr''nd rhcirknsc.rt,espechrryin Fence,po{. peculirlNisb d runrthrugh psyd'orn,lyskrnd stNctunlis'n,ilw.s pon-$r!ciemaws Dkuz! !ugttn!, istran orrgrnar becluse, rudtHnui

writr6 or prinrK btrr,k. !irh rhinkssandque{ionrof rhoushr. Thesisns l,rr br digir'l i'mges, hsd b be posedon rhk r.nh.ft lerl rs , pmbl.h ofinaSerthrtdonl tofr usrothilkoivrri.I kespu5nom thiikins. rs lnr ih ,pres ntiting t ndrn.i s Dereu writcalxNtcinenrlst0 identiry'he*jmr8e5 andbqanineihe larg r 'rpprmrust, o.driporirrr4, throus pbblc'n orrh. nsklcrisuel d*ruljcgi'n.rusbcrnrly\ed inlhi'v,) rnd

ndsinply,n.di,.rogio[y,,6 ho'e8.n{r theque$ion of t chnorog, rnd in pa

y, in Det.uzbaFproach r)

necha.hms,rluys h.vean ind.te thnugbvhichtheypdiciplein|l rbnins.cinen, is r *ry or brling d(s Flthcme.hanicd,. n@wry.rrnrd,rr onr ncNousarens. centnr ro rhis amngemenr Hs rh. ink.iion or n$ s tobs ors.nsibiliqinrl,rion'odn ;-r findihepmbl.morrderehin{ion df arimeno long rdelin.d bysu(($r (p.{ trc5ent, ruiurel; ora sprcr.o lon$r d.frncdbysinulbnriryldisriid elen.nb in dased or rrrmedst.ca)iandol a penanence no lonssb?t(d inekmiry(iD*ordgi*n arrom oracomprqvsriation)Jsuchwererhe oi4 sons or inrgs th.t pon wr filn m Del.uze,.heq niSht have responded to valiry\ queshon in thc rorbwingv,y.cinemlch sedrhe inYenred roshoworrender mdem Diion,.onneded notsimply wrh n.r tRhnorogi.s ar Dew rorei but also .nd pamdoxei ns politi.'r uses.A.rosrllrhe.n.jwhdhe',.ip,nd.d d not,se s.erh.se.hsng.s, ln.s nds.$of d{eninarionsotspxd'rd tin., thislr$ r,enhetic!,inwhi. md *nh i8 e.t' mqm, hA prayed a keyore.! as *itb 3e.!ni., ihse \ $ rneren ntofrh. philosophyof rnhrnuel (drin thi aeihericfield,bur oo.

d ? *Ald ' o ld m ifldn6

in rhcbooks on.incm k nn! inroduced in rl"[Drnd movemen.ehboBLcd lhere hepn, 4rdx.p.ttor i1963l, rheprcbremof rlimod ofFinf. (anrianBdution, i6 owniudiorisurl!.yornceinsrhe ideaolrimc from

lindf6hlh9!Ieg.ne'ollhe ugh th. produdilc imglnrtion .

what marG^ fo!trleu?e ntheindepcndeDle ofrhese fom5 fmm rhe

andin rssEiatinsiiwlthforlesoryinuaLiiiesolrnother5on, th. greaipo$

Ircd rmm.rttsoies or.rusrli9 o d-, 'bo, khs,wi'h (h! disjurctbn

deerEiidn nsor!pr..rtrd tinci 5o!-mrlieu) irelinkedroideas. Sodor DsbsJe s title.hands in ?t. tdor ( rs6e), rorexample, not on\ mds jn a muchdhrtd n.elisti. spr.erndiine, bd inrhe pr(ess n rtoobljsd

e u$ nhn nekcn inRncd b disjoin fron theform5of*iMrion the uide^bndiis, usinsihem inneadtosiE

DuBrorjean Manesfauba.d Daniele Huirkt iuned thedisjundion brMr.nsoundrndyisual im.g riitoaveritableidcaincinem.',.qhole ndetplomtionof rh p(urturpos ry th shNr vhy ir {o to ihink 'nislcrding otcincm rs rrngu,Se brhe.rhana Lgn\snd o' r3r,,o oa,!r f. hnd\ in c'aem,rTsr\-n 'eiLJtsr 'hf 'Tr3.. by no theoryor l,ngurgr or cod.. b e si.$l,r inv ntion. He thoushtthi even in litentureBerhouldlooknorr. l inguktio or nararolonl, bur rathe. to t heMys sreat wiren inEnr a foEiln lans!asr' i. our lrngug., ticd trpN ,ff.ch. Hhelamplesincluderhe conpli.aredrind in MrGl Pbu*i rhe enryFmersshon*o.ies,laterexploned in iilmbyloseph Manldsi.z. rhe. .omphx or dsns and inag.s thrt liln mak6 invenkd to er"lor the poblem disjoined fton the sheDsh ih* i inneadrornotherkind olrhinliDg,gdemedbylo8lcnororpmposjiDnsend tc'npr ra el,bonie this poblfln, H" . , 8 6 rn , mrre , ! , \ d c f o p , a g dn digimr v,r of exPromsqhi kd (h0pe.urhrwaywecanbe sid to b thousht R.smn hrderplored rlnhsth.n Pou( or Beryson. rhequo{ion ortbcsenseinwhichft.a in time orcou6e, alsolccntnlone in 'rs. hodoh phiosoPhyr :nd, in hn bm by .oirArns the Mys EdmundH rks.tsusen sill imry1md rh. ranns ofspac andtimeiob .enred in a

is tonndi" imrgerth* nrke visible oi palt.blerhh a.ented.ondirion,or r nnngr san.rmo(mentin ourli@srh! nnredu.ibk bn nrhtionn' .ir.ndcd spr.e.the lhe!orshnh arer.eed ron *adinsand endingp.inh, h*qd tncinsrnjsbrks, d onc n brsed natin.hDnolo$'andsu.cesion, or d{lapping senafiq. rhat r hN cincn, poed theque*ionof hwwe actuallythink,hou areoiented aid

ou li disd.nt d in ourrhinLing, .nd cia.no 2, e|dk ui.d ro orly:. hd, thmqh .not]r.Lrncird. ' the poslhihi.6 of c.m.n.nftn.nr, fnBan3, .diling and p[j.djry, .in.D. w.y ro mrle visibl. suchtlh.6 @ld inrrr ! sholc nd psrhcn(hrni.rl rnd pd.s i. ourtrnd., 3ir!.rion' or nili.us, ptor b (,nd immn..t in) ourmn*iolselsc,.!individurlsor3rcups. Th. prlnclpl. rhd \h. cln.nrtosiapht ibasr i5 n.ar in ln. prs.nr, forshichD.leuz.*ouldnndsucha*dlinglppli$rio. i.rhetuubling thes of.in. ln xig^r rrd fo&,.s tblr plt oa, lr4r rnbslom'rio' intheveryiderol.h.lmryrlb.ltlnrllrheat inpaihting,phot4npht or lir.nruE, r. *ll I ln ns Dnctlc.s thar muld bEak aMy frcn such rhdido..l m.diun6. w. knd, ro' armpl., rb't kiet cineD' Muld b. seenb plry r k.y rc1. In ih. pk.5' in rhe 1916 .nd 16 th.l walr.t &njmin rnrrlvd in 0tmard of.udor $ pr.duc.i 'h. 'a. rh. rm. PF&nr'qs. Philohphk l m.t rnd dE Rr n pErnt rfiin!: bcfoE lh.y e EpEsnred fo.. unin.d iubjcl or oBidlG' trldrt onapt in @i mindr oi bnitu, I.riry drm id.. rtr th.y e l.Er r.p6urion' iMd nd q!.dioni .Iplotd in ntublo$.nd pt hologl - nddr or 'irh iruludl.A.spshlt psyrhdut5is,,ith rr'ich cin.fu 6ld he lardl.d$, cnturid." ro $ m.t EI.io$ tnDu8idr th. nid6n.n .nd enlirh inrrodue |j1ft@nr rnd rim inro .h. Err ofthe im.3e ss in&pDbl. 'dc. rmm rh. *ntv. natwi.nrific I bodi$ or bEim, or in rh. id.a orc in *hi3h th. nd m.nory ki.nc.s pl.y . r.y 6Li one dnple ot.hn is IxlMk dkcu$lon ol rh. dksmhtion thdn6 of Pi.re Jrn.r. lnded, tbarLhNd.'.in.mrti. -ElI d of e.Nibilh-.ould b. k.n .o ei.nd ir$lt tmm tn. sErt *uperying ertloslonoflhry6in our liv.!.h..nechibicll cpoductionft.ilibred (b.forc ln.'co..El of rh. p.s.war inrorm ion-$Te mrchineo wifi its cllch& pidu!.r, od.Ed mrdr .nd relr.ions wirh pop4andr rnd r.lwnisins. pFpo*i th. tnEnrlon of r cin.nrtic sndbili. .ri&3 rbm tb. Ir, $ eld. cftn in prycholo&rcon..mln3 th! sbto' of in.3s, ir h dd.lop.d lhou3lr in d. ptrholqic.l or di.l ri.nc.s.

d*FsdFri|lad

In phib$pbr.Manh HedeFFcr hrd Jndy sb(M in rhc,9:o* hN dmrandrl'.pn,bl.Eoi'inn.rsen* !!rcc6!41r.lbekrnri,nor.a s. sndro hisown temptro mdc b!1 Detuzl swriri.g\ ii diferen.ein 8cqn,n \u$r$ed atreshw.yirt*ing f . v o lt d is d c e d in a n d t h Du rn ' h t s { orrn. rhl.oft ri.d to dRlop r ungrotrnd.d .lem.nr in th. kindorrim..nd h. nsrm.nr rh( cinematicin3s. m,rcs$ibl.. h cinema,as in philosophr. kindof n$kn'.nr Dzigrrrdd e{' o nonfutlt,or*nhth?.bilityotihscih.r, rocrpruEr{.nr.{dMrldr n wtlle!. Heti.d ro*o.k oursn otiSind norion or. world, dosorrorhepesplcrivis.' orcotrriiedLi.bnt rhrn ro .{ ingnr nor0nryiiYrn6lmrg!r;I \urnlidrrh.,nqirh.wodd arondrh.rf..Itleuzeha!&q,mrlighr $!.(rhu\'in rime in ap<culir{rt,incdu.iblerothc irnilirr !ubj.ctiv. (or liv.d | !nd objdiv. (o. crdrcd) rimr. rh. dMsjon rx 'Ecan n . d on( objdikrr a'd $bjedir rhn ui$nknrrbr. poien.i.lin Eh in ls o rrh is rin e in o u rlile s a n d peiuh.d oi'rciddnceorlubjdteand obj.cti* im,ga on whi.h"whore hdirnr of{oryor iamtiveha5rcncd.su(hrl.tions bescensp.(. a.d nsin\ ft undan.i\d.\hpnmt,r\pr. fr.\ iMrf fmn ,hc pnlumpri,,n or, lin8l( obj(i. yi&?oir, .nd rhcn'm or n"mtion rRgsnsdr riom
dommjD.dllbslen.mljEs

rheromlof dcsnptun andnarerion, in orhdwo.ds,dep.ndon rhrnr. Bc$on ra!wllasin theRu$hn cir' ,ny on. Poniof!i.w. scfinds ihr

ur onscious selEs, thes.ns of !hi.h

sFcc''omr rnebPolo$crlsup.rFrn'on h rhcPr$nr, ii t hrnncrntudu.iblt or o'*ious rtcorr .iion. rM.ing rhepqenr !n&dri" $ { rx in f u \ o ' o u ra b iI it y lo $ y lo l

r, tli$b(k

undeahn<linF nrnherhumannrnor!!ltli.ni{,nndirdlylinkd

In erpbnng how, thmugh ih. mer Deleueths d.Elopsrn odgimluq knsiblethn kindor rimcin wodds, olsp'c. a.drineasromsof snsibilia th.tc.$eurtolhinl. Be tie.s th@ fomr tom rh.ir k.iirn subordimrion 10wbarh. sas asrbe Mo 8E.t ,nd rundions plarrd by the pbildopbicil ids or th. sbjed orsiosndr ." rhe Kn d th.tcinen. rh@s us ir.n iftper$n.r(or 'individuali$tion 'pr.pexon'l ) vodd p.ior ro snxiousne$ .bd b indivldualnalio.. h thn wy, cinen. t.kes pan in hl.nkk l,ryft dempt to put the que*ion of 'r lite in mph.e ol the cl.$ic.l notion or tnsubjed d or tb. $lI . lilp th cortst pcci*ly v h 'r,. lif. ol the coftspondin3 individod' .s wnh lh. consciousselr,rt rnains $ I con{de quedio. and po$ibili.l rorourbodi.sa. foroor bnins." r vh.t*l, ih't Deleuze isolates,.sp.cialt in tos war cineda (.s werl.s in stodur,l 6ln). involvespariela ind.reminat.or'q!PLo"4r. jN i unnies olsn*ious *llbood, o' ol individu.lity, lxpNi.g mdds, siru les dernit kind th't is vhy rny staer{h.t@ei re popul,td wirh , 'si n@ indefnit. orch*,cter rnd rdion rhar Equires a .d or desriprion tbrt n Frlsti. sirhoui beins narudntic. cin.6a rhus naps the eikjrys or olTec an in*nbiy . tine on . preindividuei and un .onsious. Deluze ot in'grs rhar shM rhh tihe, nredu.ibl. .o deslny, pqiden.e, crusrUtr or pndicdbility, .ven sbrisrici or pobabilGti., n@.dhel.$ .ftca us -hich 3ndj u*.psi.ion. G,'n r thrr su.cesion) and by i.detemi nat sprces depstu res(nther rhan . aitu.ted intecubjediviry or displrftnen6 'nd o. turld ), rt is .he ki.d or t mponlig thrt rqunes a chns. in rh. natuc orbeli.t r rurn ro r non pngm lor selstion or hktorical d.{iny. w.sRd s rin iredy in nrr./rt ondr . eeso.ktjuxbpasidons or a p3*, sh()m ihiough bl..k..nd gikn by cinemric nlppi.s of n.n6l spaes (in olour.nd wnb his trnous I spaesor$e conc ntrtion c.hps) rG mo u ! ! o t re . .n d wr h ,h e u n re n n ru ru Rs , ! e n rh ' o u s h , e m. rrDl oer fofr pan or a laqli con*ir al8lre, in thh greardo.umenury w aldio4isu'l rhi.kins. rr, asDeleuze s of srcidi ns the pieq o[ ih. re.olledon imrsr', ir is bec.u$ orrhe Hy imrgr rnd thinkjns dncdcr in the filn ph.nr. rnf n 3 nNdruon orhe p.r.nd rh. *,yr figxr. 'n 'hf "m individual no longeiro Fc,prDrc or ft{ollect rhpa* in r mn$iousnes

orcollective wh i. h s ul d h&. s! c.e.dt d i t bui on ihe conf.g. ta P6.nt anysuchdosur. qithin piv.te bemory or public conmeno*rio., showtDg, mrk in thd pment. This lunction affed. rheusurldisrindioNb.&.en Iictionrs wellasdocumenr.iynlm, ubdoing wouldgDo. ro ertlor in . r.deed, Resn.G ni! gft,r tl.tion tilbs this pr*{oiled.*ith thepresent th.. s..ms to hs,nr nDr bsml liEs likr s tenible secal hetuuld explorcbN it ro-es his ch.hctea n thede.d,b@ing rbourin a Yo d silhout salrion or Ed.mption, pKide.ce or ph.non.nologicrl groundins. Herould thu. pNe a no qu.nioni aioncephilo$phiciandcib.m,rici soughrro intoduc. and practi.6, Dleuze intothev.iy ide. orvh.. rn im,Br qithinas 'jnoas'industi'lso.i.ly'

roday ir sould *en ihd the .nuat inemJi! no hanlo' B nFmirin 'cq.r sil.nr liln loryft,lon.i n no bry( h,s the keyole thit fell b n b.kn md tldision. tt foms plh or r I'ry.r .onplex or iDas.s and spac.s,where d ro altecd 3qEphi.s r.d rcspondingto mw ronc on r globrl srle. Delfl sin ply td l:urote.n. at vith ,n/n ibg nN, rh.E is nodalsic t.lk i{ , po*' cinenaric cond ion, Th. hi rbry or fi lm h,s nsef b(oDe a matei nor stmpry orppsemtion,nd dkeiburioD,burdeotrn adof oholesencerh3rlooks ! old di.run that back ro n h. r be.n.rs ir illu*mtingMrxhall Mcluhan -bat when.bchno|oslelnediumGd ried to rcsistsuchnodalsia bac* in 1934when theR ws ahadymuch blr ith Jeanluc Gddardon rhe lsr prgs or cin.Do2 is oneindi$tion.Th. cri* me.ntnoitb.d.rthor.inema(wnhns esin n.l.n.holic,nticipaiionorrndc hop.rul tim.), but, mh.r, the ener!.n.e or ns po$ibiliries i.s.prrabl. trcn rhinkjng Deleuze hadtied prciselyio rh. lrB r f.re of.he kindof resheric Krk out in cinema.rhetinehrd c butal6o,.ndnorcimpanrndy.shrtisphiloephy?'Tte gear6h'orr s h.d usedn@ techni.,l m.rns ra inventr mod. ol audiofiNal thibld.g, rhich romed padofa h.ssaenhe c to vhi.h it thenkened inpodnr in r.lrlion 10.thei,tu -iththeatu, pobleh th{ lxleu4 ould go on to .rplor. iogdher wiib rdln c!.uii rhis pobl.m ot ihinkins in aod wirh rhe afrs k .lFrdy to be ronnd dmd L .Iu /.. n r{nenr o f'hc, b { n i t . . { p e n me . u lo 'e \ p a n d eif 'n hniqu$ in v.ys.lder to rhePmdices

ol $. Yio.l .tu. whil. rxl.uz. dc dcs ..y ir s!$rtr,{. r. e.5 dFm fim (s Rn in 5 mr. in cr n'c.dor DRrrrs sE!'./d, otrri !e,3) *n . h. .B!.d ^tuud for rh. .op.rionryol $ch mn6 *ith r6Fcr rorn rbnncr
D. s in p . jd in g ' ' il|b t . F b E |' tuud dbrght thi rh. p{!ri'r likhcEft af sir. nlDMsD!.h.lo*. b tn. tru.lly'in FstuE rnd md thrt b. Hs kring in ln. d.al4; .nd ftleuze s.es tht ld.r $ prn ol r lalls inrnrion ot th.dcrlig Buliar .r md rh.ir r.l,rio' ra rin , .ipror.d i n d if ii i. n 'ws ! in mrn y rn ! A b in . ' rn d A p ? h mrn b l rllmn g rn ! i n Deleuzcrdudywhcn, notsnt.nt toimibrewharotherddrrkdoln3,lt ar Dde!4 6o!3hr warrh..a$ forstruduftlnh in its rel.rlomyhh th. 'p.cD.lonlna3c.!lnoth?rwordqrbdnd 6ln is norabdEdin rlimpl. uirh d. Eq sp{icr.np.nr .oDdirjoN or snsibirh and $ou8nr. *hich rh. pon w.r nlh.srL.6 .xploir scar L quir. oncEt . I nd..d rhc wry r.m i.qo..s 4/.t ,'{r.ii *hich D.l.u4 deroF in ! ndrinS F', ror.,mpr.. in his di*usion daMich.l.ngdo Anbnioni r m*. d.rjE. fEn dp..ih.nul frlo: .nd n c mr h.id b in$in. dendina.h. pbbl.n of.nptJ, disnn(t n sp:rs rhar el.ut rlcldy &.s in .noin.r wy i. !h. fflns of Rob.n B'tgn .o. En*. of orh.i.n5 md .d pnc.isa.uriry.eund rh. en. rin..5 srruc.uEl nln. r.rhcirhd .brsk ot,.onnon.rplaDrio. ot tofts of sdnsibiliry-.n.rplondontrkinsplace.oncun?ndyin dif.rcnrva}3 in mny rt ir p.a,ps smdhing rik rhislr'!s erhr.g. rh" wes.c bdiy 'ns. 3( domimr.sor mbds apa(.wh , rhon, Muunn.'nrorak.uD rtl.u.e 5 jdeaoftheci.em.ricinrodrysahcrd cirumdner i. rchrionto cun ntoimnrenp.raryque$ionsrnd rons j8hl.jneml .nd phitGdphy pl.l lr. jn . .nu..ion $.r en. h.E p.di.D5 bEn tm quick to ch.nct.ris. rs 'po${in.n.uc .nd 'pGrrhsdicrl ? I d li|. to ldk 1 hfr is quesion nis||l bromulard in fthron b d. visul rtu. He did rhe cin.m.ric - ry,rded s a pd.w.. drir.rrt b rnd.rrh.ft rklnfs of rlm. 'ondirions ofvisibiriv rod.y? No dmbr rhir k , onpld q!.nion ,ih ftnl p.s rh..3! oCin. numb.rofdiBtions.rid,thet isth.vhoLqu.nion of

chrrg.d d und.Bdding ofvhd mlSnrb...ll.d un-m@i.A piduFr? HNdoqu.stiorsofrin .ndmmm.ntch..3rrh.Erylde.orss.of imrsB in priming phototrphy or dnuing, .. wll 6 d.Eys or sdng ,nd dlung about $ch rhi4r? such qu.nlonr ha b..n dplored in . Ei.ty ordom.lru;lns.tgtlEls.n*.ln''dlkrslon otAnrn snll pdnti4s ar wll n.n.d. iwl.b th. dudY or mNn ntin ( h!t(j.. P..Iotogi.d s saetbot*t !9rt) or tn M.Gl Duchampt c.Ialr.t t trinEtubdti{'lret ..d Nud.D.'a'dint a shime ngrt). Lnd, in rnoth.r $y, in dtuin ptuti..! of xindic .n or In F(orirm. hE R.ndy ln.r hrE b..n br.. !p by ttillpFd.ln Ml.h.od In hlr .nt6is of^by w.rbt4lsvdrrr*rddrnd ftli iln a B.tubdrsdxm. snrrb.ur ln. .Mmm.ni of tDrg6,." D.l.@ hlm-lf delops (ha.qcr@ orflF. tJibtr3n ht .@.i oah@ Fh.cb [lM Endfr lh. ioR! ordm ir phrion b furE .hEu3n rh. Bkrltlnr bn.s or p6ibili9 tEn [j.l.@ s Mrn n. of ih. .rp.nd.d qsibjlnic ffh.nl.msol.Do|suhrp.rcpl in sbduFl

or srDd.Ed thaticrliry or duntio. .rploftd .o. only jn th. 6lns arhdy w.thol but .lso thok ol ch.nr.l ak.mrn. *h$. e.sunrer eith .d and nlm qperin nhrion ir N.w York in tb. 195d b.lp.d de.emine h.r rppDi.h to qm$io'. ofrin. in h.rcln.m..nd l.r.rln h.rl.drllrddns. 'rm Alhe emo .im., .h.re ir p.rhap, som.thln3 pdulh y ,{sian iD m. fired fiam. .nd lon8 in Y'suji6 orut frlms, to bfound in th. ddy cir.ro tehniqu.s to which wrnd rdm.d. rd moF Bln.r.lly ir rh. prionry rttu4 acordr tim. fi h.s rentt.ry!.d ror z kind or pntFin.hlric rnF in tim hudrnll p.in.inrs.- we 6nd . Elzr.d srEr.a/ or cin.mr virh old md.R p.inriqr, rl., fo' .pmpk, rfi. shn3 p.3n in cin.tu 2 in rl'ich &l.ur connds rh. pDbl.h ofd.prh of 6.ld in omn o th. dc.ndnls orsp.a in dP &r.qu.

a3re.d by Heinrich w6l0lin. Del ze s manyftlere.cs to modbtul p.ibting includ.,rheMvrheoobLmolthe'inhumrn inkulca.nn. s&ns.tions is aken w in hn b, veRN r.d xi'oq .nd the ey rhr closeups .nd 'n. nay ba.rDsed in rems or.h quediont aftection-imaKs in Disendein! 6ln or pathc or or racialig who hinsrrws shck by imr$s rrm Bai|shit PoGnLin ltgts\jnhis A ontn and inprus todry lor st sve or irr.ro* in ndin8 pichEs in an

obly.lr.r Deku. wor. his cinem. bookr nlm nalec and anisb nN hrve mdirionrl{t rk.nrd oom ofrhr mne ei@ing $..ne or &Dilill relaieu.l sp..er Rapond krlour a.d ciurian' to .rni.r roms or diirornrt or ihase natys.stuo bri.I r.m.rks about h@ 8en.nl picture of h.vins ide$ in cinen, Dight h us.d in rhese ue of hN rhs b@ $4 ot rn spaces ro

Ixleu4!

to po*.w,r ci..m otwh,r mNm.nt .nd ri6e ar. rhmselves! a.d it is p.rhaps s*rituant tn.r shile D.ld hisMrkrmi.s popur,r rDo,3.etuin.di3r mr*inss h them pi.ne Hntah., Ior.umple. rb ddition, thee pGdices lre ried up sirh the t'ry.r pde$ rhroughyhich tonrenp.Ery .rn. to b. distibglirh.d rbh modern, ft or an pncries. visual at and art sprcs plryed ! rE ol. in the 196e ib rh.n lend @Ire the wn id.a ofad fton a sries or disti.ciions rrd clatedpndice in ehi.h it hadb*n iEdnio.'rry.ndosed(iradirional rio.md.xnibitionin,whiecube.sDac$J ilGtinctionr beken art and na$ or popu!.r cultuE, cnti.al disolsc, inlorhation, o. ftrydry lite. cjnemr Rob{dsbirhenb qu nions orsir. and non5ir, in d. eiol.no orcordonM.e , lad ! amn hn.crurc', or, in .noth?iMiinH.liooiti.ic.tjnt undeBbod in relation ro suchchang.s.h mnr,$ ro, sry, cod.rd (whois sir mrking SEar 6rnt, Huwh. uer 6rn !s pan ot a nn8ot pncti.es, sjnil.r b the dy he ussl.pr.ese knsa imrs$ inrodncirS rdverGins plrticip3rio. si8n6in urban ryacsor orcheimting in p,nder.

rllcuzc hrd pos.dth. qu.nion of pbl.dion inremrofrhe l.q.r r'irrdirF or sm.m mNnc4 tamin3 rnd .ditingasth y.pp..r In rh. nsfom.d.H. w.s inkn{.d in he pbj.dion pEdic.si .lonA vnh ditiry.nd fmmin& Irtd rhemelEs fmn o. pbjerion ns.D b i'Enr nd sns or im.s?s,rdingon. n mus syd.ns. w. s.. rh'r tiom rh. sr.d rh.r. a5 a s.5. in Edi.h $. *en *! l.$ .n ilhsionist vindw or..pa clrsk.l skg. rhrn a mdirg Inn. *irh prions of stac! in dasic.l pain.tngor thedro,$3*rsing.hem..isr.o rhem.ThusDeleuearsn4 rh.r rh. relrdon .. Gnd $.ldc,lity) is pmdy pos.d .s m&.r of. lo$ of or subnnudon for li* prlFnR. kthe., * nnd r n* d,id,?itfor cr.rirS in,gc. !.d sp.c.s (rnd e ot.hrins id..d) ,i.h li.lr or inr.rr.Ene$ith on. andh.r, which is snnd.d ro the M sEar .fions .F nd sprc. -rfud\ rh. E or.ruc|ry .nd sEchrs .pic rha.F, .ach ofwtich is Ehr.d b 6e cinemaiic.rplondon ortiD. in bodit.titud.i.E usins pbj.c'ins,.in.m found ! p .!li. obj.dlv. snd $bFcrik vi.*ToinB or b.o..n rh. hlnd .nd ina3t sp... inord.rtoerploreotherrpr.esandrln.!,*hi.h,.Rn indalk.nld mmq yr rhri rrejldar intebseorrud is lis (which canoar.ns..n nrh.rnor. pFdioble), It w ly ro rhen Dedomrn..s s.r.uftnr pndjc.r jn r r.I3.rhil or'imrsls rh{ roR u. b thih!' rh.r lil.uE id.ntified in Fn w.r rin.n.. Th. d.rt nedmmoa.h. dcrlcincmrmilnr rh.n bc kn 6 on. hishly ss6stur d.:rroitrin : hq. .o.eiEd in r.ms ot difr.rcnt eiy b(an. ldoBrory ro r.bric..c .r..ri* inl! s inr36 .o fie our bhins ' 0urpehcprions r.d,ffR6, ftduci.grhemro.asilyiden!habl.opinjoir, ar rhcltlmicinage is nor.rorDclcu,s, d code ora lrgu8r burmrhcl Ju{ anoriSin.lqyotelpEsin!rimerrnd spr(.s $at.rntbecontsined in Imi. rprr.,o.o in rh. d.rk mm, is moR rhrn . sjnple nofr.nd illu rion rpprnru' It is mth.. r d,t '.d or?rrt hi

d thrt dircdy afie.ts !h. boi', s rn.d.iD rnd n hud iD,ei.ed, r.d b wbicbrean-Loui.s.nefei 'n hG picture of the pdr war nlhaoei rhe cinemtic muld la..r atst ib 'aubnooielon of imag< otfer.d rol. or rime rnd sprc. i. rhinki.g, ,nd, i.d.edj ir is jud fbm rhk .ngle thar Deldr ekes!p th. quedion ofci andysedthe *nole qustion of cndedng onpricd.d rinc ib stg.s 'rEady ' medwilho[pnd dol.i.Gllilt'e'l n rhod rn i.GlligUc shich ,rwrys tom.s ,ft?.j rhough encouor.n thar lone* thinl in hi. rudy oI tilnd i. rh. Potrstim novel.! Bursh.n the srn $n or pmblen (.nd notion or sign)is tansr.ftd, vir rb. cir.mri.. iob,smiery'lhkldndo'rnkdc .rd riqh. ,n{t DUi b! i.s.tud into nq fi.lit. It nus rlso onrend e h r ns conc.prio. ot the public (rypifi.d in relakio' mtibss)-a sbrjnical public ch.o$eris.d by a shoL bq prcrgrion.lis.tion of vision and a n* nasi nachine of contol @r wh the wcr, sa.sjnrsn syb.rb.rg gbes preaoparions bFnd &njmint to a3knore ltnerally hm cin.61 cm cEate rehtions orumnglme.b or srin&stns d lctins iRducib cinmr is a ro.g nafr]mlory'in the inggL ro crrt bd inaSee,and shy th.re is $ oten in .ineh. the dnnat&ation ol. onspincy againn mis

.*nue ol.scrp.. rt'. pmblen orc well.r'ibd!.uiar - is bo. sinDly. m.derot theble rharthecinemtic dtu oinfphr: i. ch,ryi.g kch,icrr m.hib.s of pndudjon .nd Eeptioni i1h.s .ko to do wirh ch.bgrng rel.tions besen havingid.as rod colLctivr w1.1 h dirinctive tor po* war tim Eg,rdj is a .s politi.rl pdrciple s.er i. ,lknd Eh.ionr be*en nhnakeB d rh.n aftn and Dubli.

rn lisen&jni.netic] thetubjededna$.t ofa LeniRierensdlnllyorthc nuchr.l.ularednumbeBota HollPmd blckburtn thepbblem Del.uzc rso.i,res wirhthinkingwithcin.mr'-,ndj im siryul,r wn thinkjnssith time-im.gtcinena h thatthethe p6tle arehissinS;thE mud yd b.

.ineb,, Deteuze d$ b wo& our th$e cbang4, .l ancpr.*heric ,nd politi.rl. His sense of stnub.Huillet rs sre,r 'political fflm tukeB 6 rb. Rry iil.. or'mi.orit' br.*r openthe gnreot.thrognphi. rnd -hol. deuneneD filns rMrd . nd a*rhetic fom heyohd$e ndiob.dmnnnt tine as th.re ansend *rys of hating it visible.wc .ould in.grn. ext ndi'g tbft ide b rh. slobal situation orrh. cin.n.tic rodlyi foi.s6pre. beyond the division or lidion and doomenrary, mnrenpoEq dtuk and film.mar.B fiU inve.t imagBio gd,r'ftrt pd b ried up with the'fatulsrion ol psples m@in3in atul .crc$ bord.x, s, rel,red rcliious dMsions or'clarher resrh.ric wo&book ror the questioB ot !b. multiplic,rion ol suchsibato.s in cinemasnd of th.n rhdon vfth th. visualstu md visual.d rp.ces.

gt our ideaotd? whar wld ft n..n to bke up thisquedion a8.inroday in ns situ.tionr- fore-mpl.. in rlrtion s?what Fle nigh theoiy or philosphy n b uhich rhe cin.nstic nish be li.r.d? To sh,r kjnds or.d ss mighr k pur rhis l0g.r prblen ol shwins rin. thDughinaS$thl c.us.usrothink?In'h.t'.ys,inrh.pmes,n*ht r.'rrsis,on sid. of $.h qustions onens the sryreofanrnsis ekue to4et in his cinempork', In rhe ffct plae, dere G , qmiiob ol n rhod. while Deleu,e\ bdts Engr der rhe end. hbrory of cinn. sinc. rh. 1,r.. seial and tolitical rlBrnen6, thr rc nor hhbry book or th. booksor diE 8im: to qtnd fbh the gb.Erjry ic sisrs snd imas$ inEncd byltat ro ds.Thyaa thns nor ! histon.al. kther, thq ar ahstact in ..othft !ry, tiednottodemitybuttolh.prese otquedioningwjrbwhich hisrorytu link.dblttowhichitn.oiRducd. s int Gedin i. incE.tinSly.obpl.i r.dlhiblinglhmugtwhkhponwa.

(,nd theth ory'b phich n cinenawuld belinkedio po* $'ar philosophy saverise).In this My, the war irselt beccm.s hoE rhan an d.nt in hisiori.ali r.g5r or Rugiaus dis.ouxes. ri bec naftr a rumins point in the kry natoE or rhe ih.K3 and havingideas,io ['bll|BPshllnb*nd*dsively'in (with Fm.c.. rhus ih. w,r- r,Ili w.i irs m$ dernction. i6 sh,ne. rh. redbL serer ir l.ft wnhin ind fr1h asped b omciat hktoiet fi$red I siDDte ib rhehanne.kul vnilio rnricip ingrheErl.limev.6 of today burpKn.ty,sth.ribdarophe, l in sensjbility rh.r called forrheinEniionor's,dkposnions of thouShf , insntion of a tsd waraestheti., *ploring the a violenrand inddeminare pr* figuresin ou! verypsy.hes, '.ys sm thed.\r n'ofRsnais for xampr., Mui.l (1e63), wirhit' Bourosne i,, v,n nu olr cese)." For,,long *ith pa* yith uhich cin.m s,s mncerned, thrt $pet of th sEond hisrork n, in d@unenbry and 6ction, io rhe r,ryft qrriob d.{lop.d ii lit.6bc by ot ,bo!b.i ry'inibe.prsenf ! ried u * iy po$ibilig ol lriendship in thougllt or or ihe ,phili. i n phi l6ophy, The philosphicrlconepr Deleuu e loqrs in cinena rh. ide, otrh. iD.ge iberl in ns rerarjoN wir]l fact!rrurh n this l.qr context,trn il thi sDoff inorherdtections. tode.d,thatis onercMn BhvDeleuz. insist.dth.t the dedappins invenrionsa.d poblms rhr he *as tryin3 to s.r ar .in .ineD3 d.p.ndebtly of it d its hisrory,in Etaiion pbilosophical(e..ionr whi.h Deleuze calld'co.c.pr'is ro sis .hcm . lire

woik oui h rh. ors of hG n!dy. Theorydepanstrcn hnbry in this w,r jusvh.biles6bbe1dretivenerldisciplin.(asndi iswirhkno, .od in$cad be.ones , soune ol n. blens in , n@ ligh1,rh{ is whar &teuze Rns to hrv. hd in mind qhen h. dedar.d that th. lif. ,nd sudivrl of cinem. lies ib i6 dtuggleswih rh. infomdiomr rc3rD. at onrmr, which th. vr$cdvity or rbinkin& !h1i3i and to rale up rhe prcblensorcon.ept rhattheym.k

insn on.s.lr in rny o.. loq or hlrory. ThGy on h. lnd lndEn h* .ledy b..nJ us.d in D.t dilt Enr on.s. rhrd?3 fflh bors rr Eth.r'ho.utr hols ofa di'g philoophic.l spinr rh.r rry 6 ir.bd!.. i.b rh..ndctun lor R'di.g) of nln eD.lnlng olrhr rel|l8r rppmh dd $. snriBnphic r.nous i h.lt or I nomrd sql. or t hinLinS.H. thoql'r rh.r no Dor .nsB rD inrrinsic r.ntiK in d. hLroD of rh. .ns ih.n ln rh. hiliorr or philosophy, biose n.l.n.hot rh.n.s hrE long r.nd.d .o m'd.r.min. ,h'r ftrrue rndofrn (orrh..nd or Philmphy). kft ol rh. roru ol tibnc..i.s .o.eDs In cln.na lor u..5 ouGid. or it w.s pEcis.lyto rr.. th.n fDm a sonof Inrdnil. or tnr.malkln3hlsrory, or. s.tue rhr cin.ni is a 6r.d li.l!.r or m.dlufr eho* only critic,l $store ,ould b?to drnins its.lt Th. 4trl.rl Ehdon ol rh. frbrlcrtlonof.on@pk rh. pF\.n' ir ofrdlrlcFnr bn lrkhocrnru.roflntroducrnsns 'o hnion.s jnb 3lv.n ore.. lt .IDDdd thrt th.E .ri8t sitodioD! in yhich ofi i'ro nlny ompllc.r.d pdhr, In thk tupd, the$nt s/ of hrnymrrrppiry'E th. cln.hr b.ok .oDrinu.

unEcosnis.d pNumE od !nfoc..n rppllc.iion.j .u.h rhari jn on. such rubric. D.l.@ c.n dcl.F .h.r .rh nd Ddnr.r Rpituhb rh. hitury of prirring in his or h.r M qy. A8rinn th. ...rch for. .il3l. 3r.r sbry or hisroryin rn or philmphy- Fnd.d ln th.3ur nlncnlhr.ntury hbFd dun or. 3rd .ncFropcdk Libnry or M$un ondininsarl {rdt.nd in.$3 in ord.Ed sq!.n.. - D.l.@ pmp6.d r nd en or p.drsrg or im.g6..d oNDrs ro dnplL... rh. pkn( dlrtutrin8 i$ cl,si6..bry pFsuppornb.r ln r pres lmn Pnkh dk inEnrid ornd ldnd. orituB.5 .nd rrnsnE k rhrF.m.qin!. &1.n. rdoprs M inrmLr.d pdn.ipl.. i. hi6 cin.m borc ro &nplirylhk.ppq.h.Tn.nd{t rhl dl cnd&m k mpatuic .nd !rinit.|.q.'ftn.D6gi$orh.rft k th.r de.n t hft n. conrinuiiion or ns b.ginning in otn.6 .. rh. &ond, lound ln rh. hn *n.oat orhis study, !h..'i. is on rh. ld.l ot Int d.rks *lrh nrny pndic.s th.t .hin8s'gtu h!pp.n, b.ing:, inil.s, onaFt, .ll lindr ot ena ." rog.d.r rh.s. prin ipl.r .n., pdu lat. a pE*o p. don In D.l.!:.t *aldn85 ln .h. 1946 wi.h r ncdr boDenraect...d elrh .h. ld.r ol,podhod.nish . in vhlch, .silunrbl.tocErt..nytunh.rmov.m.nr,rhinkingwouldErF,(hcki.to heh clledio. or m.t!'!(, or .ls. i rcni. Fa ppopn..io ns or prn 'rkntors. rt. noriob ot lnr..t Ener md .. ol tb. ri8$ ,tut im4$ of dnehr, rhen d.wloped in tt o. i' Pl,JoprtJ:,

Drido@ ro thi. @nden.y, an rhenpr ro get rhinSsnding lg,i.. to sugr{ sequeb.B in whi.h the cinenaric nishi yet beins.fred !.all ned ourinter d.d+s with fr ln) disiPrioes and piecG.ly in the pe.uliarities ofih. say 'nodeinist' in thse.se or th4 Nru .$o.iated vith nediun *ltr.ferene, an id4 he fjeds d displ.e ii rll t at all seenode'n cinena .s a melmchoty ceorkits.h.rtsret.tionro ctichdr,i15 fo'msor rb*n.rion,,re.t, difie@nr kind,tink d ntherromkjrylisiblt he ne kindsof .haides whoinhabn them, sing ihe dtu dt'j& of mss ibdu*iar leieq. rhr' is whyrhe pobkn ol n.a{insmr' d@$'t mern ftuch ro hin, a.d why he n ai su.h prins to dGtinglnh the piobleh of rhe rin . insi$ rhat cinemb signsa.d images donr rom, rodeor lrngu.dr,hr lJn bedtuinguhh.d riomodri\ in .om. rifrcrtion.6dd kin hld spok nofan 'inpunq p.culiar to cinem or ihe ft, r.hibcrur or popul,r curture,for ide.s ro *ar ns imsg$. Deleuze enend. this idedro indude rcl,tions eidr philosopbyor theory,ai sett as of, lrl3!' imageof thousht. rn rh. place of knfr tefldiv.' id.! of cririo ue,Deleuze mnred io sub*itui. , ,cHwe, one,in shirh the toms ol senribilit .hat aresFce rnd tin. r. ucrore,ws ms rony difieEnt disciDlinesrt onc.x Dcl.uzldoptd Klees B.uha* p.inciple to mrk visibl..rs a sarh@d tor this pceq d he a$ociaredir yirh , quenion in prinring rh.t qob.n re* ceznbe broke thelrun dishiroo bad rhe cubists Isrnckii iogdhe4 ryri'.!, ri is in this ens that for dE sicns md imaS6olcinena lor ns bgic,ns p.culirr mrnn.r of thinlinsqith imtiontehni.at orappried.,.ots.n !k4 .nd jm4s n6t be prcisety i,Enred in , rongrnd oir.n dirdcult po.es,! For bding 3n idean cineDe. th.re pFtftt no 6x.d sphereoI mnp.rence, only rvrilrble m..N and an inchNren.cesin. tu ;n ,n, dom,in f ider .n mr tr !ome, hrngBr, 'n *ith nany dead{nds, wheft giventhrugh m,ny tiirrs. noving backand tofrh, acb$ rhe aa, or thousn id.as in marts,aR noi soemed by nxednodelsj ,mlogi.r or Dorphorogjer bur rh.r thDugh thpRDtid waysone inv.na ro d@clopidoar,often thFush se.

n .ould iulr bc shutl.d aou.d tmn one {om or mediun to rh. ne*. tsN dipoln,F like the cinem..ic aE dldln3ukhed ds somdhibg 6ore rh.n infomerior;rh.y *, nrh.r, ways ordirporins or oui s.ns ir su.hr wry $ ro .nrble rhinljng. ro m.k iil..s po$lbl.. Th.cin h.tic dlpdri.frtl.ur. is p.sibL mrd. rh. inknrio. ot ns *rt, bgond infomiDS {.nn3n dcum.rbtion) or n.m.i.g (lnDu8n ftdhlontl ch:nd.E and nod.sl b 3d .i iho* *nb G .:nl mrrc pE* rhuln m.rry infomins o rh..lsicrl dMsion b.@. rh. M. Thlr G w$y it is e hisl..dang ro ih.tift th2t ns hn& ofdr@ri.f sihply uk. Nr d Epkc olds onc. cut..b.a 3i.rt .ihrs9rtrding ri *rs a *y ol ukina !p th. pmbl.ms in.mr', . wy of linking cPrtiw iders in boks wirh rhos. in drrk r.d @n6. x wa! .,.y of bE kjng thsugh the i.,r/J.,rn,,'i supp@.d by our cll.ha-3bv.nld hrbits ol thought, nor orly for the chand.nl bu. .ko lor flln.hcked rnd lEchroc. For the6 i3 som.rhing diss.nsu,l i. rh. id.$ .h.r for. !! b rbint- rh is why d. .s cin.na led .o th. .hel8.n.. of r nd prblic, lh. en olviturl audi.ne rhd s.'lt D.n.r thostt innlEd . cnthrl tuppkh.d or r en. fthu. rhousn. critioi dought shouldonti.u. in rl..io. ro nd Mditims ar inromrionrl orhl-n e. k lh8.. pm. didne fDm rh. kind ofonnunic.dod (|uF {d hod.l of rhe public md publi. !p.a, .bo!. ehi.h ^ll'rdd Grr N.gt klld .hdLry! Jriam fi.b.m.. anrh.n anh for t.d.r ldndor'publicsph.R . rn rh. ph.. of. onnunid.io..l si,biliq, hldr rc hc'ed in rh. r.y nh-m1.6 qpbn d d. disjundims of sund md im.s. ro expos .Dorh.r id.!, d@loFd philMphic,ny by b.rn cmrs sihm.l and Milnail B.knnn, r.d..d, w nnd rhi' ndion rlddy in D.l.ttet ...b6k ofeitly .i3nt h rbud, to which h. Etum in ft pr$.8.5 i. vlr. orM,Bhr M.ruh,n n*ht.!la.r. cohnunicrtion.' m. pobkm of sei.bilitt in cinem! night thus b. lirlcd ropharmiShlb...ll.drh. rdlrbllhyolcinemr,or$.syitcraresne* *ay3olihi.k.g,nd rhinungtoglrh.i wr .husnnd a l!ryprprin.ipl. rhrr od.l.bont. fom in his *udy of .in mr: d id.r or 1'peple ro on. al. h.rlc DEsupp.sion ot phil@phy,an, th?nFbtionr nrho..Mo.hdrnilth.rlnticrlormliticrltuncuon

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