A. Y.

2012/2013

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO 1

Professor: prof. Eleonora Bersani prof. Marco Caprini prof. Michele Locatelli Tutors: arch. Cristina Collini arch. Chiara De Camilli arch. Paola Fanuzzi arch. Valentina Marcarini arch. Nicola Munaretto arch. Arianna Panarella arch. Carolina Rozzoni

Requirements and dimension of the living space

Edited by arch. Cristina Collini arch. Nicola Faliva arch. Francesco Lenzini arch. Valentina Roversi

COMPENDIUM FOR THE LIVING SPACES DESIGN

PLANNING
Minimal surface area: Single room 9 sqm; Double room 14 sqm; Bathroom 4 sqm, with minimal side length 1.5 m; Kitchen 8 sqm, with minimal side lenght 2 m; Kitchen area from 3 smq to 8 smq, with minimal side lenght 1.2 m; Corridors width 1.2 m.

INFORMATION
Distribution checklist for spaces and functions

Verify

that

the

proportions,

the

minimum side lengths and the design are justified by general choices and not due to random placement within the building Check the rational distribution* of the design with particular attention to the arrangement of internal paths

(distribution spaces should not exceed 25-30% of the usable area of the

Internal ceiling height h intrados 2.80 m in living quarters; h intrados 2.40 m in service spaces; h intrados 2.10 m in corridors and vestibules. Light-air Ratio (R.A.I = windowed surface/floor surface) Ratio 1/8 (0,125); In some cases it is necessary to divide the airing surface to the illuminanting surface (for example in the case of full height windows with fixed frame at the bottom); When a toilet (2nd to is not naturally it is

residence). The position of the kitchen is ideally away from the sleeping area (for odors and fumes), in contact with the dining area of residence. With two or more toilets is often advisable to provide one of these near the bedrooms and another one near the living area (for guests). With two toilets, one of the two (possibly not the main one) can be aerated artificially. Between toilet and the other spaces a filter compartment is necessary, except for a bathroom that is in pertinence to a bedroom. bathroom), provide

ventilated necessary ventilation.

forced

* Reference book to verify the building distribution: Alexander Klein, Lo studio delle piante e la progettazione degli spazi negli alloggi minimi: scritti e progetti dal 1906 al 1957, by Matilde Baffa Rivolta and Augusto Rossari, Milano, Mazzotta, 1975

LIGHT
Daily activities and their optimal solar orientation

CONTROL

About Windows

A window that is taller (instead of wider) will illuminate more in depth:

Rooms very deep are hardly lightable:

Windows, along the top (in section) and centrally (in plan), will illuminate more in depth:

A wider window will illuminate more a larger range:

STUDIES ON FLEXIBILITY
Example about possible evolutions of the way of occupying the apartment in relation to changes in the household.
(Studies and images: Daniel Chenut, Ipotesi per un habitat contemporaneo, Francia, 1959)

The apartment arrangement at four stages of family life.

Study of body posture in relation to different activities according to the "Modulor of Le Corbusier

LIVING SPACES DESIGN

INTRODUCTION
The design of spaces meant for living can be read as coordination of many factors, including users needs, the

Location The activities can be performed inside or outside housing, in closed or open spaces. Some activities take place in services,

equipment and open space for common use.

complexity of relationship between the quality of space and human activities, the requirements of building regulations, etc.. Environmental Requirements They describe the conditions of lighting or ventilation provided for the indoors. For those who are preparing for this task for the first time, it is useful to learn a method to correctly size minimum space requirements activities. However, it remains an effective tool for controlling the furnishing possibility and feasibility of space and their response to certain basic environmental requirements. This method, summarized in the necessary to carry out Lighting can be natural or artificial.

pages below, can be described through some logical steps. First of all it analyzed needs and behaviors of users, summarized in some typical daily life activities. All these activities adequate require, for their with progress, specific The windowed surfaces are conventionally sized according to the proportion of at least 1/8 of floor area. The artificial lighting is instead supplied by the electrical system. Aeration can be natural or artificial.

furniture

characteristics and dimensions (aproximate multiples of 10 cm). The use of the furniture implies a need for specific space , that must be considered when more furnishing or functions are combined within a single environment.

Each activity is described according to some indicators, namely:

In the first case it is entrusted to the same windows and doors-windows used for natural lighting.

The artificial ventilation is supplied by a mechanical suction system.

Lighting:

It

is

important

in

those

particular activities that require a strong visual effort that they are facilitated by a position

Space Requirements They describe special conditions in the arrangement of furniture and

close to the source of natural light.

equipment, in the size of the gaps related to the activities and in the size of the

environmental unit. Tangency: it concerns certain

furniture items that can not be isolated and must always be combined with similar pieces of furniture and therefore must have a side attached to something else. Equipment Requirements They define the furniture model and their necessary amount for each specific activities. In some cases, it is possible to choose between alternatives furniture and equipment. The furniture number and type is determined by the number or the peculiarities of the users.

Tangency also concern equipment that for its technical features (need to be Special Requirements They describe exceptions or special cases in the placement and in the use of furnishings and equipment. Compatibility: it defines some

connected to vertical columns of discharge or ventilation) must be brought near to walls that contain plants and whereby they must have a tangent side. Finally, some hanging furniture or equipment (not supported on other furniture or equipment) must be fixed to a wall and therefore must have a tangent side to it.

constraints on the location of furniture and equipment in the same environmental unit, because the simultaneous presence could lead to conflict or lesser effectiveness.

Superposition:

it

allows

reasonable

economies of space by installing wall units (with or without support) over other elements, where it is permitted by respective volumes of space and space use.

Compresence : it defines a constraint on the placement of furniture and

equipment in the same environmental unit, room, or connected rooms. This is important to improve efficiency in the activities. Combined solution: it offers the

possibility of using combined furnishings and equipment solution that allow reasonable economies of space (ex. sink and bathtub). The combined solution is possible if the use movements are compatible with the

disposition of equipment.

Duplicity

use:

it

allows

different

activities to take place using the same pieces of furniture, equipment or the same space, assuming that such activities can take place normally at different times.

ACTIVITY LIST:

ACTIVITY 1 - SLEEPING

ACTIVITY 2 - INCLUDING OBJECTS AND CLOTHES

ACTIVITY 3 - PERSONAL HYGIENE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

ACTIVITY 4 - COOKING, KEEPING FOOD AND DISHES

ACTIVITY 5 - TO TAKE MEALS

ACTIVITY 6 - STUDING

ACTIVITY 7 - MEETING, TALKING, AND STAYING TOGETHER

ACTIVITY 8 - CONTAIN AND SUPPORTING OBJECTS AND EQUIPMENT

ACTIVITY 1
Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. Equipment requirements Change according on user: - single bed with support plan: adult, boy, child; - double bed (two beds side by side) with two support plans: couple; - bed with a special support plan: senior; - cot: baby; Special requirements Compatibility: - not more than one bed per environmental unit or room; - not more than a bed per elderly person per environmental unit or room; - no more than a double bed (two beds combined) per couple and a cot for baby per environmental unit or room; - more than two beds for boy per environmental unit or room.

SLEEPING
1.01_single bed R h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

1.02_single bed L h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

1.03_double bed h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

1.04_special single bed h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 2
Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. Equipment requirements - Containers for clothes: a combination of modules with maximum height of 1.60 m, for every user (ex. a module of 90 cm and a module of 60 cm). Special requirements Containers for clothes: - Compresence: for each user must be placed in the same environmental unit where they placed the furniture about the activity 1 or in an adjacent environmental unit (wardrobe).

INCLUDING AND CLOTHES

OBJECTS

2.01_container h furniture : 160 cm h space use : 210 cm

2.02_conteiner h furniture : 160 cm h space use : 210 cm

2.03_conteiner h furniture : 160 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 3
Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. - Artificial ventilation. Space requirements - Tangency: the machines should have the marked side tangent to a wall. Equipment requirement a) sink b) bathtub / shower c) wc d) bidet
n.user

PERSONAL HYGIENE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

3.01_sink h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

3.02_sink + bathtub R h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

1 2 3 4 5 6

a 1 1 2 2 3 3

b 1 1 1 2 2 2

c 1 1 1 2 2 2

d 1 1 1 2 2 2

3.03_sink + bathtub R h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

Special requirements - Combined solution: in case of limited space furniture 04 and 01 can be aggregated (02, 03).

3.04_bathtub h furniture : 50 cm h space use : 210 cm

3.05_shower h furniture : 10 cm h space use : 210 cm

3.06_bidet h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

3.07_wc h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 4

COOKING, KEEPING FOOD AND DISHES

Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. - Artificial ventilation. Space requirements - Tangency: the machines should have the marked side tangent to a wall. Equipment requirement a) container for food b) container equipment and dishes c) refrigerator
n.user

4.01_oven/cooker h furniture : 90 cm /70 cm cooker hood h space use : 210 cm

4.02_sink R h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

1 2 3 4 5 6

a (mc) 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5

b (mc) 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,5

c (mc) 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

4.03_sink L h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

Special requirements - Superposition: the hanging furniture are freely overlapping to all the furnishings and equipments functionally and spatially compatibles.

4.04_dishwasher R h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.05_dishwasher L h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.09_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.06_refrigerator h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.10_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.07_refrigerator h furniture : 150 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.11_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.08_freezer h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.12_hanging container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.13_hanging container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.17_container equipment and dishes h furniture : 70 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.14_ hanging container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.18_container equipment and dishes h furniture : 70 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.15_column container h furniture : 150 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.19_container equipment and dishes h furniture : 140 cm h space use : 210 cm

4.16_column container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 240 cm

4.20_container equipment and dishes h furniture : 140 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 5

TO TAKE MEALS

Activitys location Activity carried out inside and outside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. Space requirements - Lighting: the activity must take place no more than 4.80 m from the source of natural light, measured from the center of the light source at the center of the table. Equipment requirement A table with seats equal to the number of the users of house, plus two. Special requirement - Duplicity use: the table can replace the work surface provided for various uses.

5.01_table 3p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.02_table 3p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

5.03_table 4p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

5.04_table 4p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

5.05

_table 3p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.09_table 6p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.06_table 5p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.10_table 7p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.07_table 6p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.11_table 8p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.08_table 6p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

5.12_table 8p h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 6
Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. Space requirements - Lighting: the activity must take place no more than 2.40 m from the source of natural light, measured from the center of the light source at the center of the table. Equipment requirement A table with a chair for each user. Library for at least 0.3 mc for user. Special requirements - Compatibility: no more than one table and two chairs per environmental unit or room; - Superposition: the suspended library can be overlapped to compatible furniture (desk); - Duplicity use: the table can replace the work surface provided for various uses.

STUDING

6.01_table with a chair R h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 210 cm

6.02_table with a chair L h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

6.03_table with two chairs h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

6.04_table with two chairs h furniture : 80 cm h space use : 240 cm

6.05_floor library h furniture : 240 cm h space use : 240 cm

6.06_roof library h furniture : 60 cm h space use : 210 cm

6.07_roof library h furniture : 120 cm h space use : 240 cm

ACTIVITY 7
Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. Space requirements - Lighting: the activity must take place no more than 4.80 m from the source of natural light, measured from the center of the light source at the center of the activity; - The environmental unit of this activity must have the smallest side length 2.4 m. Equipment requirements The number of seats must be equal to the number of the users of house, plus one. Special requirements - Compatibility: no more than 6 seats in the same environmental unit; - Duplicity use: in the accommodation of 3 or more users must be guaranteed a three seater sofa to ensure the night hospitality for a person; - Combined solutions: combinations of simple elements can be attempted (chairs and table tops).

MEETING, TALKING, AND STAYING TOGETHER

7.01_armchairs 2p h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.02_sofa 2p h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 240 cm

7.03_ support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.04_ armchairs 3p + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.05_sofa 2p + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.09_sofa 3p + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.06_sofa 3p + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.10_sofas + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.07_sofa 3p + armchairs + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm 7.11_sofas + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.08_sofa 3p + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.12_sofas + armchair support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.13_sofas + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.16_sofas + armchair support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.14_sofa 3p + armchair + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.17_sofa 3p+3p + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.15_sofa 3p + armchairs + support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

7.18_sofas + armchair support surface h furniture : 40 cm h space use : 210 cm

ACTIVITY 8

CONTAIN AND SUPPORTING OBJECTS AND EQUIPMENT

LINKED TO ACTIVITY 7

Activitys location Activity carried out inside the house Environmental requirements - Natural lighting: windowed surface at least 1/8 of the floor surface of the room; - Natural ventilation: area that can be open must be equal to the one required for lighting. - Artificial ventilation. Equipment requirements n of users 1 2 3 4 5 6 mc container 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6

8.01_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.02_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.03_container h furniture : 90 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.04_container h furniture : 70 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.05_container h furniture : 70 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.06_container h furniture : 140 cm h space use : 210 cm

8.07_container h furniture : 140 cm h space use : 210 cm