Code No: R7220406 1

II B.Tech. II Semester(R07) Regular Examinations, April/May 2009

ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Derive the expression for power tranmitted in AM.

(b) The output of a 60 percent modulated AM generator is 1.5A. What value will this current
rise if the generator is modulated additionally by another audio wave whose modulation
index is 0.7? What will be the percentage power saving, if the carrier and one of the side
bands are now suppressed?

2. (a) Describe the DSB-SC in time domain and frequency domain and explain about balanced
modulator?
(b) Generate the DSB-SC using ring modulator?

3. (a) Explain the working of zero crossing detector?

(b) Explain the demodulation of VSB signal using envelope detection

4. (a) Explain about Foster-seeley discriminator

(b) An AM transmitter generates 20 KW of power, when depth of modulation is 80%. How
much of this power is carrier? What would be the percentage of power saving, if the carrier
and one of its side bands are suppressed?

5. (a) Obtain the expression for improvements in SNR through pre emphasis and De emphasis
filtering?
(b) Calculate the noise for a SSB-SC system.

6. (a) Explain the operation of FM transmitter and draw the modified diagrams for Frequency
stability.
(b) What is the function of VCO in FM transmitter?

7. (a) Draw the block diagram of AM radio receiver and explain the function of each block.
(b) Explain the concept of IF and give simple AGC circuit in superhetrodyne receiver and
explain it.

8. (a) Describe the generation and demodulation of PPM with the help of block diagram and
hence discuss its spectral characteristics.
(b) Why is cross talk present in PTM system? Explain the generation and demodulation of
PDM signal with suitable diagrams.

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Code No: R7220406 2
II B.Tech. II Semester(R07) Regular Examinations, April/May 2009
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain the square law modulator in AM?

(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π ∗ 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of
50 sin(2π ∗ 105 t).
Assume m= 0.2.
Find
i. Side band frequencies.
ii. Amplitude of each side band.
iii. Band width required.
iv. Total power delivered to the load of 600Ω.
2. (a) Explain the coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated wave.
(b) Draw the frequency spectrum of DSB-SC and compare the coherent detection with other
types of detections in DSB-SC.
3. (a) Explain the generation of SSB-SC signal using phase discrimination method?
(b) Show that the signal
P
N
s (f ) = cos (2πfc t) cos (2πfi t + θi ) − sin (2πfc t) sin (2πfi t + θi )
i=1
is an SSB-SC signal (fC >> fN )
i. Identify the side band.
ii. What is the expression for the missing side band?
iii. Obtain the expression of the total DSB-SC signal.
4. (a) Draw the block diagram of Armstrong method of WBFM generation and explain about
it?
(b) Discuss the advantages of FM over AM and explain about noise reduction characteristics
of angle modulation.
5. (a) Define Noise figure and Derive the expression for noise figure in terms of S/N ratio.
(b) Derive the expression for noise figure of DSB-SC system.
6. (a) What is the feedback effect on the performance of AM transmitter, explain about it?
(b) Draw and explain to black diagram of variable reactance type FM transmitter.
7. (a) Explain the operation of TRF receiver with a neat black diagram.
(b) List out the characteristics of superhetrodyne receive, and explain each one.
8. (a) Draw and explain the block diagram of TDM.
(b) Define and distinguish between PTM and PAM schemes. Sketch and explain their wave
forms for a single tone sinusoidal input signal.

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Code No: R7220406 3
II B.Tech. II Semester(R07) Regular Examinations, April/May 2009
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain the concept of frequency division multiplexing.

(b) Derive the power relation in A M, if a group of modulating signals are modulated with a
depth of modulations are 0.5, 0.8, & 0.9 and the carrier is 50 sin 2000πt. Find the total
power transmitted for a group of modulated signals.

2. (a) Explain the time domain and frequency domain description of DSB-SC waves.
(b) Explain how to demodulate DSB-SC wave using Costas receiver.

3. (a) Explain about the time & frequency domain of VSB signal.
(b) How the SSB wave is generated using frequency discrimination and compare SSB and
AM?

4. (a) Derive the equation for narrow band FM and calculate band width of commercial FM
broadcasting using Carson’s rule.
(b) Using block diagram, explain the operation of a PLL.

5. (a) Calculate figure of merit of AM receiver using envelop detector.

(b) Explain threshholding effect in AM receiver.

6. (a) Explain the operation of plate modulated AM generator with circuit diagram.
(b) Explain, how is large frequency deviation in FM system achieved through the FM trans-
mitter and how is the FM oscillator made frequency stabilized.

7. (a) What is meant by AGC? List and explain different AGC circuits in radio receivers.
(b) Draw the amplitude limiting circuit and explain its operation and importance in FM
receiver.

8. (a) Explain one method of generation and demodulation methods of PAM & PWM. How
synchronization is achieved in the above modulation schemes.
(b) Compare FDM and TDM also discuss which type of multiplexing is advantageous.

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Code : R7220406 4
II B.Tech. II Semester(R07) Regular Examinations, April/May 2009
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain Amplitude modulation of single tone.

(b) An amplitude modulated wave form has the form
S(t) = 10[1+0.5cos 2000Πt + 0.5cos 4000Πt] cos20,000Πt
i. Sketch the amplitude spectrum of S(t).
ii. Find the average power of carrier and side bands.
iii. What is the modulation index?

2. (a) Explain the working of DSB generation and detection.

(b) Explain the effect of frequency error in coherent detection of DSB-SC

3. (a) Explain about filter method of SSB modulation and write its merits and demerits.
(b) What is VCB & compare this with DSB-SC and AM wave.

4. (a) Derive the equation for WBFM and draw the spectrum for β=1.
(b) Define Carson’s rule, generate FM using reactance tube modulator.

5. (a) Explain in detail about Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis.

(b) Calculate the transmitted power and bandwidth required of an FM system designed to
produce (SN R)d =60 dB. The message signal is a video signal with the following charac-
teristics
max |x (t)| = 1, E {x2 (t)} = 1/2 fx = 5M Hz
Assume that the channel has a power spectral density 0.5×10−4 Watts/Hz and the channel
introduces a 60 dB power attenuation. Assume a m =100% for the AM and a deviation
ratio of 5 for the FM.

6. (a) What is meant by low level and high level modulation, Explain high level modulated AM
transmitter?
(b) Draw the block diagram of phase modulated FM transmitter and explain each block.

7. (a) Draw the block diagram of superhetrodyne receiver and explain each block.
(b) Explain different tracking method in receivers.

8. (a) How PWN wave converted into PPM system?

(b) Explain why a single channel PPM of system requires the transmission of synchronization
signal, where as a single channel PAM or PDM systems does not it.

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