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WHAT IS GLOBALISATION
Globalization has been defined in several ways by different scholars but here
definitions provided by Scholte(2000:15-17) and El-baz (2001) will be used.
According to Scholte (2000:15-17) cited in Shaw (2001) at least five
broad definitions of globalization can be found in the literature as follows:
(A)Globalization as internationalization: Here globalization is viewed
simply as another adjective to describe cross-border relations between
countries. It describes the growth in international exchange and inter-
dependence.
(B)Globalization as liberalization: In this broad set of definitions,
globalization refers to a process of removing government-imposed
restrictions on movements between countries in order to create an “open”,
“borderless” world economy.
(C)Globalization as universalisation:In this use, ‘global’ is used in the
sense of being “worldwide” and “globalization” is the process of spreading
various objects and experiences to people at all corners of the earth .A
classic example of this would be the spread of computing, television e,t.c.
(D)Globalization as westernization or modernization:(especially in an
“Americanized” form).Here globalization is understood as a dynamic,
whereby the social structure of modernity
(capitalism,rationalism,industrialism,bereaucratism, e.t.c.) are spread the
world over, normally destroying pre-existent cultures and local self-
determination in the process.
(E)Globalizations as deterritorialisation:(or as the spread of
supraterritoriality): Here “globalization” entails a “reconfiguration of
geography, so that social space is no longer wholly mapped in terms of
territorial places, territorial distances and territorial borders.
On the other hand, ion El-Baz (2001) gives globalization some
definitions base on some two approaches viz functional and structural
approaches. Base on functional approach globalization is defined by El-Baz
(2001) as achievements and manifestations such as great technological and
scientific achievements, information and communication advancement, the
power dynamism of the transnational corporations (TNCs), and global
market that guarantee the free movement of capital, products and services,
and labor.
Taking the structural approach into consideration El-Baz (2001)
defines globalization as a dialectical historical process, and an advance
phase of an ever-changing human history, in terms of cumulative scientific
knowledge and technology.
Therefore, going with these definitions of globalization by Scholte
(2000) and El-Baz (2001) I can say globalization is concept that involves
integration of the parts of the world into a one economic system, one
intellectual and cultural system and a common political mode and dimension
with the domination of western world through the use of some vehicles like
information-communication technology, United Nations, USAID, DFID,
IMF, World Bank and so on.